John Hancock (British politician)

John George Hancock (15 October 1857 – 19 July 1940) was a Liberal Party politician and Trade Unionist in the United Kingdom.

Background

He was the eldest son of Joseph Hancock of Pinxton, Derbyshire. In 1882 he married Mary Hoten of Pinxton.^[1]

Early career

Hancock worked at a pit as a boy. He formed the Pinxton Branch of the Nottinghamshire Miners' Association. In 1893 he became the General Secretary of the Nottinghamshire Miners' Association. He became a miners agent and the miners association Financial Secretary in 1896.^[2]

Political career

He was elected as (MP) for Mid Derbyshire at a by-election in July 1909, as a Liberal candidate, sponsored by the Derbyshire Miners Association. Hancock held the seat and managed a slightly reduced majority;

Mid Derbyshire by-election, 1909[3] Electorate 13,244
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	John George Hancock	6,735	60.5	-6.5
	Conservative	Samuel Cresswell	4,392	39.5	+6.5
Majority			2,343	21.0	13.0
Turnout				84.0	+1.4
	Liberal hold		Swing	-6.5

In 1909, he was one of a group of Miners Union sponsored Liberal MPs who were instructed by the Miners Federation of Great Britain to take the Labour party whip in the House of Commons and stand at the following election as Labour party candidates. Hancock held the seat at the following General election under his new party label;

General Election January 1910[4] Electorate 13,660
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labour	John George Hancock	7,575	63.9	+3.4
	Conservative	Francis Francis	4,268	36.1	-3.4
Majority			3,289	27.8	+6.8
Turnout				86.6	+2.6
	Labour gain from Liberal		Swing	+3.4

He held the seat at the following General election;

General Election December 1910[5] Electorate 13,660
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labour	John George Hancock	6,557	60.5	-3.4
	Conservative	David Rhys	4,287	39.5	+3.4
Majority			2,270	21.0	-6.8
Turnout			10,844	79.4	-7.2
	Labour hold		Swing	-3.4

He served as a Justice of the Peace in Nottinghamshire. Relations between the Labour and Liberal parties deteriorated after 1910 and they were expected to field candidates against each other in some cases at the next election, anticipated to be in 1915. Hancock decided that he would rather defend his seat as a Liberal, so crossed the floor in 1915 to re-join the Liberals. During the war he combined with future Labour MP George Spencer to attempt to take the Nottinghamshire Miners Association out of the Miners Federation of Great Britain political fund.^[6] He was then returned unopposed for the new Belper constituency. In 1921, after 25 years service, he stood down from the post of Financial Secretary of the Nottinghamshire Miners Association, but continued as a miners agent.^[7] He held the seat again at the 1922 election, this time, for the first time, against a Labour Party opponent.

General Election 1922: Belper[8]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	John George Hancock	12,494	61.1
	Labour	Oliver Walter Wright	7,942	38.9
Majority			4,552	22.2
Turnout			20,436	63.6
	Liberal hold		Swing

However, he was defeated at the 1923 general election by the Conservative Party candidate, Herbert Wragg.

General Election 1923: Belper[9]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Unionist	Herbert Wragg	9,662	41.8
	Labour	Oliver Walter Wright	7,284	31.5	-7.4
	Liberal	John George Hancock	6,178	26.7	-34.5
Majority			2,378	10.3
Turnout			23,124	70.0	+6.4
	Unionist gain from Liberal		Swing

Aged 65, he did not stand for Parliament again. In 1927, following the General Strike, there was a split in the Nottinghamshire miners and Hancock followed the Association's General Secretary and Labour MP, George Spencer in the creation of the more moderate Nottinghamshire Miners' Industrial Union. Hancock became the breakaway union's Treasurer, serving until 1937 when the two miners organisations reunited.^[10]

References

1. Debrett's House of Commons 1916
2. http://www.ukwhoswho.com/view/article/oupww/whowaswho/U210726/HANCOCK_John_George?index=1&results=QuicksearchResults&query=0
3. British parliamentary election results 1918-1949
4. British parliamentary election results 1918-1949
5. British parliamentary election results 1918-1949
6. Industrial Politics and the 1926 Mining Lockout
7. http://www.ukwhoswho.com/view/article/oupww/whowaswho/U210726/HANCOCK_John_George?index=1&results=QuicksearchResults&query=0
8. British parliamentary election results 1918-1949
9. British parliamentary election results 1918-1949
10. http://www.ukwhoswho.com/view/article/oupww/whowaswho/U210726/HANCOCK_John_George?index=1&results=QuicksearchResults&query=0

External links

• Hansard 1803–2005: contributions in Parliament by John Hancock