John Marrant

John Marrant (June 15, 1755 – April 15, 1791) was one of the first African-American preachers and missionaries. He wrote three books about his experiences as a preacher.

Early life and career

Marrant was born in New York City in 1755. Following the death of his father, he moved with his mother to Florida, Georgia and Charleston, South Carolina. He was able to read and spell by the age of 11. Marrant was taught how to play the French horn and violin, and was tasked with entertaining the local gentry at balls.[1]

At the age of 13 Marrant was taken to hear Methodist preacher George Whitefield and was converted. After disagreements with his family about this, he wandered in the wilderness, relying on God to feed and protect him. He was found by a Cherokee hunter and taken to a Cherokee town, where he was sentenced to death. However, he was spared, allegedly due to the miraculous conversion of the executioner.[2]

Marrant lived with the Cherokee for two years before returning to Charleston, where his own family did not recognize him. He conducted missionary work with slaves, although some owners objected, until the start of the American Revolution.[3]

Later life and career

Marrant claimed that he was impressed into the Royal Navy for six years before being discharged in 1782, but official records do not show him as having served with the Navy.[4] In 1782 Marrant started training as a Methodist minister with the Countess of Huntingdon's Connexion. He is shown on the New York City Inspection Roll of Negroes as the owner of Melia Marrant and two children, although Devona Mallory in African American Lives claims that these people were his family.[5]

He was ordained in 1785 and sent to Nova Scotia to minister to several thousand African Americans who had fled north during the fighting.[6] He lived at Birchtown, Nova Scotia.

Marrant moved to Boston, Massachusetts in 1787 before returning briefly in 1788 to Nova Scotia to marry Elizabeth Herries.[7] In 1788 he became the chaplain of the African Masonic Lodge in Boston, a group active in the movement to abolish slavery.[8][9]

Marrant traveled to London in 1790, and died in the suburb of Islington the following year.[10]

Writings

In 1785 he published A Narrative of the Lord's Wonderful Dealings with John Marrant, A Black, with the assistance of William Aldridge, who transcribed it. This memoir proved to be very popular, going to 17 editions, although Marrant did not receive much financial benefit from it, as not all of the printings were authorised.[11]

Critics have noted that the narrative has a very different tone to his later publications. However, Henry Louis Gates, Jr. has argued in The Signifying Monkey that many early African American narratives were transcribed by white editors, which would explain the different writing style.

Marrant delivered a sermon in 1789 noting the equality of men before God; it was published.[12] His final published work was a 1790 journal.

Books

References

  1. ↑ Notable Black American Men, Book II, Thomson Gale, 2006. "John Marrant"
  2. ↑ Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, "John Marrant"
  3. ↑ Black History Review, "John Marrant, America's first black preacher 1755-1791"
  4. ↑ Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, "John Marrant"
  5. ↑ Notable Black American Men Book II, Thomson Gale, 2006. "John Marrant"
  6. ↑ Notable Black American Men Book II, Thomson Gale, 2006. "John Marrant"
  7. ↑ Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, "John Marrant"
  8. ↑ "John Marrant, America's first black preacher 1755-1791". Black History Review.
  9. ↑ James Sidbury Professor of History University of Texas at Austin (29 August 2007). Becoming African in America : Race and Nation in the Early Black Atlantic: Race and Nation in the Early Black Atlantic. Oxford University Press. pp. 85, 87. ISBN 978-0-19-804322-5. Retrieved 25 April 2013.
  10. ↑ Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, "John Marrant"
  11. ↑ Black History Review "John Marrant, America's first black preacher 1755-1791"
  12. ↑ Black History Review "John Marrant, America's first black preacher 1755-1791"

External links

This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the Wednesday, March 23, 2016. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.