John Pye-Smith

Rev Dr John Pye-Smith FRS FGS
Born	John Pye-Smith 25 May 1774 Sheffield, Yorkshire, England
Died	5 February 1851 (aged 76) Hackney, Middlesex, England
Nationality	British
Occupation	Congregational theologian and author
Theological work
Language	English
Main interests	Reconciling geological sciences with the Bible, repealing the Corn Laws and abolishing slavery

Family tomb of the Pye Smiths at Abney Park Cemetery, showing inscriptions of other family members

The Rev Dr John Pye-Smith FRS, FGS (25 May 1774 – 5 February 1851) was a Congregational theologian and tutor, associated with reconciling geological sciences with the Bible, repealing the Corn Laws and abolishing slavery. He was the author of many learned works.

Biography

The son of a Sheffield bookseller, Pye-Smith was surrounded by books in his youth and was practically self-taught: he did take Latin lessons from Jehoiada Brewer.^[1] He became a Dissenting academic and author, and was the first Fellow of the Royal Society from a Nonconformist background.^[2] He was also elected a Fellow of the Geological Society at a time when there was considerable debate about accepting the idea of geological time, and if so to find ways of reconciling this with the teachings of the Old Testament.

Throughout his life he worked for the abolition of slavery. During the politically turbulent 1790s, Pye-Smith took over the editorship of the Sheffield Iris, the leading abolitionist newspaper in the North of England, during the imprisonment of its editor, his friend James Montgomery. In 1830 Pye-Smith took the Chair of the Board of Congregational Ministers when it passed an anti-slavery motion to secure support from all Congregational chapels across the country in petitioning parliament: "That we feel it to be a solemn duty to employ our influence with our congregations and the public, to promote petitions to both Houses of Parliament for the abolition of Colonial Slavery, and therefore pledge ourselves, and beg to recommend to our brethren throughout the kingdom to prepare from each congregation such petitions to parliament..." The Congregationalists' 1833 abolition lecture, "The Sinfulness of Colonial Slavery", was delivered at John Pye-Smith's Meeting House in Hackney by his former pupil, Robert Halley.

Work in education & theological training

A committee of Nonconformist merchants and ministers, including Pye-Smith, founded Mill Hill School.^[3] for boys on 25 January 1807.

Pye-Smith was the theological tutor at the Dissenting academy known as Homerton College near Hackney, London for forty-five years between 1805 and 1850. His pupils included Robert Halley, future Principal of New College, London; Samuel Dyer, the missionary; and William Johnson Fox of the South Place Chapel, later the South Place Ethical Society. Pye-Smith was minister of the Old Gravel Pit Chapel in Chatham Place, Hackney for nearly as long, from 1811–50.

Monument

Dr John Pye Smith died in Hackney in 1851 and is buried below a marble chest tomb monument in Dr Watts' Walk, at the Congregationalists' non-denominational garden cemetery in the grounds of Abney Park, Stoke Newington, north London.

He was the grandfather of Philip Henry Pye-Smith.

Publications

• John Pye Smith, On the relation between the Holy Scriptures and some parts of geological science at Google Books (full download). Published 1840, London: Jackson and Walford.
• John Pye Smith, Four discourses on the sacrifice and priesthood of Jesus Christ, and the Atonement and Redemption thence accruing at Google Books (full download). Published 1842, London: Jackson and Walford.

References

1. Tudur Jones, R. "Smith, John Pye". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/25862. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
2. "Library and Archive Catalogue". The Royal Society. Retrieved 4 October 2010.
3. A History of the County of Middlesex: Volume 1. british-history.ac.uk

External links

• National Register of Archives Smith, John Pye (1774–1851) Congregational Minister
• Probate at PCC Will of Reverend John Pye Smith, Doctor of Divinity of Saint John Hackney , Middlesex
• Search result for John Pye Smith – papers in UK archives