Juan Modesto

Juan Modesto
Birth name	Juan Guilloto León
Nickname(s)	Modesto
Born	1906 El Puerto de Santa María, Cádiz
Died	1969 Prague, Czechoslovakia
Allegiance	Spanish Republic
Service/branch	Army
Rank	General
Commands held	(1936), Republican Army of the North (1937), 5th Army Corps (1937-1938), Army of the Ebro (1938), Army of the Centre (March 1939)
Battles/wars	Spanish Civil War Siege of Madrid Second Battle of the Corunna Road Battle of Jarama Battle of Belchite Battle of Brunete Battle of Teruel Battle of Ebro Catalonia Offensive Second World War

Juan Guilloto León, usually referred to as Modesto or Juan Modesto, (1906 – 1969) was a Republican army officer during the Spanish Civil War.

Biography

Early life

Born at El Puerto de Santa María in Cádiz, Juan Guilloto worked at a sawmill before joining the Spanish Army. He served in Morocco, becoming a corporal of the Legion.^[1]

Juan Guilloto was affiliated with the Communist Party of Spain (PCE) from 1930, and in 1933 he was placed in charge of the Milicias Antifascistas Obreras y Campesinas (MAOC) in Madrid, which constituted a paramilitary force for the Party.^[2] He organized the Sindicato de Oficios Varios y el Socorro Rojo, which coordinated relations with the Socorro Rojo Internacional.

Spanish Civil War

When the Spanish Civil War broke out in July 1936, Juan Guilloto participated in the assault of Cuartel de la Montaña, and the Battle of Guadarrama fought in the Guadarrama Mountain Range. He was one of the leaders of Fifth Regiment, becoming its commander from October 1936 onwards. He fought in Talavera de la Reina, Santa Olalla and Illescas (September 1936), the defense of Madrid and the Second battle of the Corunna Road,^[3] as well as in the Battle of Jarama (February 1937).^[4]

Juan Guilloto was promoted to lieutenant colonel of the Popular Army and commander of 5th Army Corps, participating in the battles of Belchite, Brunete (July) and Teruel^[5] (January 1937 and December 1938). On 26 August 1938, he was promoted to colonel^[6] and became head of the Army of the Ebro.^[7]

After the fall of Catalonia to the rebel army, Negrín named Modesto general and head of the Central Army on March 2, 1939.^[8]

Exile

After Casado's coup's, on 6 March Modesto left Spain in an airplane.^[9] Then he went to the Soviet Union, whose government recognized his military rank.

During World War II, he served with the Red Army and the Bulgarian Communist forces. Defeated in the struggle with José Díaz for control of the PCE, he went to Prague.

Modesto wrote a book about his experience during the war in the 5th Regiment, titled Soy del Quinto Regimento (English:I am of the Fifth Regiment), published in Paris in 1969.^[10] He died in Prague in 1969.

See also

• Antifascist Worker and Peasant Militias (MAOC)
• Eastern Region Army Group (GERO)

References

1. Beevor, Antony. (2006). The Battle for Spain. The Spanish Civil War, 1936-1939. Penguin Books. London. p.127
2. Thomas, Hugh. (2001). The Spanish Civil War. Penguin Books. London. p.310
3. Beevor, Antony. The Battle for Spain. The Spanish Civil War 1936-1939. Penguin Books. London. 2006. p. 191
4. Beevor, Antony. The Battle for Spain. The Spanish Civil War 1936-1939. Penguin Books. London. 2006. pp.212-214
5. Preston, Paul. The Spanish Civil War. Reaction, Revolution & Revenge. Harper Perennial. 2006. London. p. 280
6. Beevor, Antony. The Battle for Spain. The Spanish Civil War 1936-1939. Penguin Books. London. 2006. p. 356
7. Preston, Paul. The Spanish Civil War. Reaction, Revolution & Revenge. Harper Perennial. 2006. London. p. 288
8. Jackson, Gabriel. The Spanish Republic and the Civil War, 1931-1939. Princeton University Press. Princeton. 1967. p.468
9. Beevor, Antony. The Battle for Spain. The Spanish Civil War 1936-1939. Penguin Books. London. 2006. p. 393
10. TRACES OF MAGMA, by Rolf Knight, Page 129

Bibliography

• Beevor, Antony. The battle for Spain. The Spanish civil war, 1936-1939. Penguin Books. 2006. London. ISBN 978-0-14-303765-1.
• Jackson, Gabriel. The Spanish Republic and the Civil War, 1931-1939. Princeton University Press. 1967. Princeton. ISBN 978-0-691-00757-1
• Preston, Paul. The Spanish Civil War. Reaction, revolution & revenge. Harper Perennial. 2006. London. ISBN 978-0-00-723207-9 ISBN 0-00-723207-1
• Thomas, Hugh. The Spanish Civil War. Penguin Books. 2001. London. ISBN 978-0-14-101161-5