Judith of Habsburg

Judith of Habsburg
Queen consort of Bohemia
Tenure	1285–1297
Queen consort of Poland
Tenure	1291–1297
Born	13 March 1271
Died	21 May 1297 (aged 26) Prague, Bohemia
Burial	Royal Crypt in St. Vitus Cathedral
Spouse	Wenceslaus II of Bohemia
Issue	Wenceslaus III of Bohemia Anne, Queen of Bohemia Elisabeth, Queen of Bohemia Margaret, Duchess of Brieg
House	House of Habsburg
Father	Rudolph I of Germany
Mother	Gertrude of Hohenburg

Judith of Habsburg (13 March 1271 – 21 May 1297) was the youngest daughter of Rudolph I of Germany and his wife Gertrude of Hohenburg. Judith was a member of the Habsburg family.

Biography

When Judith was five, she became the object of her father's political plans. Her father signed the Vienna peace treaty with Premysl Otakar II of Bohemia, and they decided that Judith should marry Wenceslaus, son and heir of Premysl Otakar.

Judith's sisters also married powerful kings and dukes; her sister Klementia married Charles Martel of Anjou, son of Charles II of Naples, and her sister Matilda married Louis II, Duke of Bavaria.

The formal marriage (engagement) was in 1279 in Jihlava, the second marriage took place in early 1285 in Cheb, and the bride was given a dowry "from the Duchy of Austria, Moravian border to the border of Danube". The wedding in Cheb was followed by a "festive" wedding night, but soon after, Rudolph took Judith back to Germany, since she was still of a young age.

Wenceslaus' coronation had to be canceled because Judith was not present. She did eventually leave her family in Germany and came to Prague to be with her husband. Like her father, Judith hated Zavish, Lord of Falkenstejn, stepfather of her husband. He had acted as regent with the Dowager Queen, Kunigunda of Slavonia, whom he secretly married. Judith helped bring Zavish to trial and he was eventually executed in 1290, five years after the death of Queen Kunigunda.

Judith tried to reconcile her husband and Albert I of Germany, her brother.^[1] She also brought German influences to the Prague court, like the introduction of knights at court. She made Prague a cultural centre^[2]

They were crowned King and Queen of Bohemia in 1297. Judith was not in good health during the time of the coronation having just given birth to her tenth child. She died weeks later.

According to the family chronicles, Judith was described as beautiful, noble and virtuous.^[3] She supported her husband's claim on Poland.^[4]

Judith died 21 May 1297 in Prague, aged only twenty six. She was having constant pregnancies over the twelve years of marriage, almost one child per year. Worn out by childbirth, Judith died weeks after giving birth to her youngest child and namesake, Judith.

Her husband went onto marry Elisabeth Richeza of Poland who bore him a daughter, Agnes.

All of the Habsburg rulers of Bohemia from 1526 onward were descended from Judith through her daughter Elizabeth.

Issue

Judith's tombstone in the Convent of Saint Agnes of Bohemia in Prague

Wenceslaus and Judith had ten children:

1. Přemysl Otakar ( 6 May 1288 – 19 November 1288).
2. Wenceslaus III ( 6 October 1289 – 4 August 1306); King of Bohemia, King of Hungary and King of Poland.
3. Agnes ( 6 October 1289 - after 1292 before 1306), twin of Wenceslaus, betrothed to Rupert, son of Adolf, King of Germany but died young.
4. Anna ( 10 October 1290 – 3 September 1313), married in 1306 to Henry of Carinthia.
5. Elisabeth ( 20 January 1292 – 28 September 1330), married in 1310 to John I of Bohemia
6. Judith ( 3 March 1293 – 3 August 1294).
7. John ( 26 February 1294 – 1 March 1295).
8. John ( 21 February 1295 – 6 December 1296).
9. Margareta ( 21 February 1296 – 8 April 1322), married to Bolesław III the Generous, Duke of Wrocław.
10. Judith (born and died 21 May 1297).

Of the ten children only four lived to adulthood.

Family legacy

Wenceslaus and then Anna and Elisabeth succeeded their father as rulers of Bohemia. Elisabeth was the mother of Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor, his son was Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor.

Judith is also an ancestor of Anne of Denmark who married James I of England, her children were Charles I of England and Elizabeth of Bohemia; Elizabeth is one of Judith's successors as Queen of Bohemia.

Ancestry

Ancestors of Judith of Habsburg

16. Albert III, Count of Habsburg               8. Rudolph II, Count of Habsburg                       17. Ida von Pfullendorf               4. Albert IV, Count of Habsburg                             18. Gottfried von Staufen               9. Agnes of Staufen                       2. Rudolph I of Germany                                   20. Hartmann III, Count of Kiburg and Dillingen               10. Ulrich, Count of Kiburg and Dillingen                       21. Richenza von Lenzburg               5. Heilwig of Kiburg                             22. Berthold IV, Duke of Zähringen               11. Anna von Zähringen                       23. Heilwig of Frohburg               1. Judith of Habsburg                                         24. Burckhard III, Count of Hohenburg               12. Burckhard IV, Count of Hohenburg                       6. Burckhard V, Count of Hohenburg                             3. Gertrude of Hohenburg                                   28. Rudolph I, Count Palatine of Tübingen               14. Rudolph II, Count Palatine of Tübingen                       29. Mechtild of Gleiberg, Countess of Giessen               7. Mechtild of Tübingen                             30. Henry, Margrave of Ronsberg               15. unnamed                       31. Udilhild of Gammertingen

References

1. Cawley, Charles, Austria, Medieval Lands, Foundation for Medieval Genealogy, retrieved August 2012,
2. Women in power, scroll down to 1287-97 Politically Influential Queen Guta von Habsburg of Bohemia (Czech Republic)
3. Translation from Czech Wikipedia with further sources
4. Guta Habsburg, Index of Persons, Translation from Czech