Juju Music

For the musical style of the same name, see Jùjú music.
Juju Music
Studio album by King Sunny Adé and His African Beats
Released 1982 (1982)
Recorded 1982
Genre Jùjú
Length 43:05
Label Mango
Producer Martin Meissonnier
King Sunny Adé and His African Beats chronology
Juju Music
(1982)		 Syncro System
(1983)

Juju Music is the 1982 major label debut of Nigerian jùjú band King Sunny Adé and His African Beats. It represented the first worldwide release for Adé, who was already established in his native Nigeria as its "biggest musical draw and juju music's reigning monarch".[1] The album was a critical and commercial success,[2] peaking at #111 on Billboard's "Pop Albums" chart.[3] The New York Times, which described the album in 1982 as "the year's freshest dance-music album",[4] credited it in 1990 with having launched the "World Beat movement in the United States".[5] In its review, Allmusic indicates that the album gave Adé "unprecedented exposure on the Western market and introduced a slew of music lovers to the sounds of Afro-pop", concluding that it "should not only be the first-disc choice for Ade newcomers, but for the Afro-pop curious as well.[1]

Background

In the early 1980s, when Island Records approached Adé about releasing his material internationally under its Mango Records imprint, the musician was already a star in his native Nigeria, with his own record label, his own nightclub to host his performances and a track record of releasing three or four albums a year.[6] When Adé agreed, he was teamed with Martin Meissonnier, a French record producer who advised that the typical long song structures of Nigerian music would not work for Western audiences.[7] Accordingly, Adé divided a number of his Nigerian hits for international release,[8] a task he found unchallenging. He later explained that "In Nigeria, we got used to non-stop recording, about 18 to 20 minutes of music. But over here, the music should be track-by-track for the radio and the dance floor. It's like making a dress. One by one, the different pieces are joined together, but you can still see the lines where they meet".[7]

The album Juju Music was coupled with an international tour, with Island Records ambitiously hoping to position Adé as a new Bob Marley.[9][10] The tour setlist drew little from the album it was meant to support; at a three-hour show in New York City, the band played only two songs from Juju Music, "Ja Funmi" and "Eje Nlo Gba Ara Mi".[11] Island's marketing of Adé was later described by Tucson Weekly as "a monumental juncture in the exposure and development of world beat music; perhaps the first time a major American imprint had fully endorsed an African-derived music that was not reggae".[9]

Musical style

Although Meissonnier altered the song structure, he did not alter Adé's style.[7] To Westerners, Adé's music seemed eclectic, with reviewers of Juju Music commenting variously on the mingling of "the spacey mixing techniques of Jamaican dub" into Adé's "Nigerian polyrhythms",[8] and—even more minutely—on the "echoes of old reggae in its lean guitar riffs, salsa in its Yoruban drum patterns, country in the steel-guitar playing, dub in the music's wide-open holes, folk and calypso in its gentle singing and the Grateful Dead and jazz in its long jams".[12] At the time of the album's release, New York Times reviewer Robert Palmer speculated that Adé's Yoruban heritage might lead listeners in America to a sense of familiarity with Adé's music, as the Yoruban culture has far-flung influences in other cultures and musical types.[6] Rather than catalog those represented types, Palmer described Adé's style as a "fusion of traditional Yoruba drumming with a pop instrumentation that includes pedal steel guitar and synthesizer".[6]

Palmer notes the songs, many of which are "drawn from traditional proverbs", "espouse traditional values".[6] In a 2005 interview, Adé confirmed that in his musical career "all the songs are more or less a proverb".[13] The artist offered as an example of this an explication of the popular anthem "Jafunmi" from Juju Music, an "instant classic" according to Afropop Worldwide which he plays at every show in spite of the vast body of work from which he might choose.[7] Adé indicated that "Ja Funmi" is a common phrase meaning "Fight for me", adding:

“ Now when I say “Ja, Ja Funmi,”—“Fight, fight for me.” Then I will now say my head should fight for me. That means my head should protect me. Because I use my head instead of calling my God. This is my god. God created my brain to control myself. So this is representative of my God. So you should protect me, you should fight for me. Because the vulture was helped by his head. The birds are being helped by their heads. Even the snakes are being like that. So I want it to fight for me as well. It’s like a proverb.... You have to compare what you’re saying with another thing.[13] ”

He concluded with an explicit explanation of the metaphor, saying, "You use your head to represent your God".[13]

In spite of the title of that song, Adé's tone is not aggressive, marking what Palmer highlights as an essential difference between most music from underdeveloped nations and that on Adé's album—listeners of the time expected such music to be "angry and militant", but Adé is rather "sweet and cool", a traditional element of Yoruban art.[6] In his review, Palmer describes the beginning of the song "Mo Beru Agba" in detail, concluding that the music shifts "textures as mercurially as an African breeze, but with three talking drums and a section of congas, bongos, and other percussion instruments continuing to lay down a densely woven fabric of propulsive rhythms".[6] The overall impression to Rolling Stone reviewer Chip Stern was of "some hazy, distant dream of communal ritual and peace".[14]

Reception

Professional ratings
Review scores
SourceRating
Allmusic(4.4/5)[1]
Robert ChristgauA−[15]
Rolling Stone[14]

According to Rolling Stone, both the album and the debut tours received "universal rave reviews".[16] In its own review, the magazine recommended that "Fans of the New Romantics' soul train...disembark and check it out—the view is breathtaking".[14] The New York Times praised the album as "lilting, lyrical, compulsively danceable", "spectacularly up-to-date" and "difficult to resist".[6] Combined, the album and tour have been credited with not only internationally popularizing World Beat,[5][10] but also with opening international doors for other performers of Afropop.[7]

Track listing

All tracks composed by King Sunny Adé.

  1. "Ja Funmi" – 7:08
  2. "Eje Nlo Gba Ara Mi" – 7:14
  3. "Mo Beru Agba" – 3:27
  4. "Sunny Ti de Ariya" – 3:46
  5. "Ma Jaiye Oni" – 5:07
  6. "365 Is My Number/The Message" – 8:16
  7. "Samba/E Falaba Lewe" – 8:07

Personnel

References

  1. 1 2 3 Cook, Stephen. Juju Music at AllMusic. Retrieved 29 January 2008.
  2. ↑ Baxter, Nicky. (August 1, 2006) World beater Metro. Retrieved 29-01-08.
  3. ↑ Juju Music Chart & Awards at AllMusic
  4. ↑ Palmer, Robert. (December 26, 1982) "In hard times, pop music surges with fresh energy". The New York Times. Late City Final Edition, Section 2, Page 21, Column 5, 1512 words.
  5. 1 2 Watrous, Peter. (September 13, 1990) Into Juju's ecstatic heart The New York Times. Retrieved 29-01-08.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Palmer, Robert. (October 10, 1982) Past and present fuse in African pop. The New York Times. Retrieved 29-01-08.
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 Eyre, Banning. King Sunny Adé Afropop Worldwide. Retrieved 29-01-08.
  8. 1 2 Art and Culture. King Sunny Adé. artandculture.com Retrieved 29-01-08.
  9. 1 2 Bally, Ron. (April 6, 2000. King of the World Beat. Tucson Weekly. Retrieved 29-01-08.
  10. 1 2 Longley, Martin. (April 21, 2005) Arts review: world music: King Sunny Ade The Independent. Hosted by FindArticles.com. Retrieved 29-01-08.
  11. ↑ Cohn, Stuart (June 1983). "King Sunny's Healing Juju". Record 2 (8): 12.
  12. ↑ Ratliff, Ben. (May 2, 2000) It's always time to dance when Sunny Ade revs up The New York Times. Retrieved 29-01-08.
  13. 1 2 3 Barlow, Sean and Banning Eyre. (2005) King Sunny Ade, 2005 Afropop Worldwide. Retrieved 29-01-08.
  14. 1 2 3 Stern, Chip (October 14, 1982). "King Sunny Adé Juju Music > Album Review". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on 18 November 2007. Retrieved 29 January 2008.
  15. ↑ Christgau, Robert. "King Sunny Adé > Consumer Guide Reviews". Robert Christgau. Retrieved 2009-06-08.
  16. ↑ Rolling Stone. (2001). King Sunny Ade hosted by rollingstone.com. Excerpted from The Rolling Stone Encyclopedia of Rock & Roll (Simon & Schuster). Retrieved 29-01-08.
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