Käthe Schuftan

Käthe Schuftan
Käthe Schuftan, 1945
Born	Käthe Fanny Schuftan 12 January 1899 Breslau,(now Wroclaw), Lower Silesia, Poland)
Died	21 February 1958 (aged 59) Manchester, England, UK
Nationality	German, from 1947 British
Movement	Expressionism, new objectivity

Käthe Schuftan (12 January 1899 – 21 February 1958) was a German Jewish artist whose paintings and drawings expressed both human suffering and the aspiration of spirit,^[1] in the mid 20th century. Josef Paul Hodin wrote that she "worked in an Expressionist style reminiscent of Käthe Kollwitz' social pathos".^[2] An artist at the time of the Weimar culture, she was tortured and imprisoned by the Nazis in the early 1930s, and her work was destroyed. She escaped in 1939, arriving in Manchester, England, not long before the outbreak of the World War II; she lived and worked there until her death in 1958.^[3]

Breslau

Käthe Fanny Schuftan was born on 12 January 1899 in Breslau, now Wrocław, Poland; her father was the chemist Dr. Georg Schuftan, her mother Else née Mugdan.^[4] The chemist Paul Schuftan was her older brother. Käthe Schuftan studied at the art academy in Breslau and in Munich; one of her teachers was the graphic designer Hans Leistikow.^[3][5][6] She then worked in Breslau and became a close friend of Ernst Eckstein,^[7] one of the leading figures in the Socialist Workers' Party of Germany, SAP, who apparently committed suicide after his arrest by the Nazis in May 1933.^[8] Käthe Schuftan subsequently moved to Berlin.

Berlin

In Berlin, Käthe Schuftan and her younger sister Lotte were involved in underground activities of the SAP.^[9] In November 1933, she was detained and tortured by the SA at the former Volkshaus (People's House) in Berlin-Charlottenburg,^[10][11] and all the pictures in her flat were destroyed.^[12] In proceedings against 24 SAP members in late 1934, the Volksgerichtshof sentenced her to two years in prison (minus the time she had been on remand) for planning high treason, i.e. an overthrow of the government by violence.^[9] In 1937, Margot Riess described Käthe's works as expressing a "primarily tragic, accusing attitude towards the world, with all its stark misery, agony and hardship".^[13] In December 1933, some of her works had been included in a Breslau exhibition of what the Nazis considered "Degenerate art";^[14] three of her watercolours and a drawing were confiscated from Breslau museums in September 1937.^[15] She left Berlin shortly before the outbreak of World War II.

Manchester

Käthe Schuftan arrived in Manchester, England in June 1939.^[3] During the war years she worked in a munitions factory.^[3] Her obituary stated that after the war she earned her living at commercial art. She had two one-person shows of her work and exhibited in group exhibitions in Manchester.^[3] Käthe Schuftan befriended the young John Milne who later went on to work as an assistant to Barbara Hepworth before making his own career.^[2] Her work was selected for the annual exhibition of the Manchester Academy of Fine Arts three times between 1940–1942.^[16] She exhibited with the Manchester Group, which included L. S. Lowry, Emmanuel Levy^[17] and Emmeline Boulton^[18] at the Mid-Day Studios^[19] and other galleries. Käthe Schuftan died on 21 February 1958, sadly only a short time after the German government awarded her financial compensation for her suffering under the Nazis.^[12][20] A retrospective exhibition of Käthe Schuftan's work was held at the Salford Museum and Art Gallery in June 1958.^[20]

Exhibitions

• 1929: A small exhibition in Breslau, of drawings and watercolours by Käthe Schuftan.^[21]
• 1940: The Manchester Academy of Fine Arts, Spring Exhibition which included two portraits by Käthe Schuftan. Other artists included Bertram Nicolls, Karl Hagdorn, Mr. Cundall, Wilfrid Wood, Mr. Simmons, Arnold Taylor, Sylvia Bergin, Evelyn Harris, K.J.H. Craddock, R. Tunnicliffe, Eva Noar, Marion Broadhead, John E. Brown, Ida Percy.^[22]
• 1941:The Manchester Academy of Fine Arts, Spring Exhibition which included two works by Käthe Schuftan.^[23]
• 1942:The Manchester Academy of Fine Arts, Spring Exhibition which included portraits by Käthe Schuftan and Eugene Halliday.^[24]
• 1943: The Manchester Ballet Club,^[25] exhibition for the benefit of "Mrs. Churchill's Aid to Russian Fund", which included a watercolour by Käthe Schuftan and a scraperboard by her friend Eugene Halliday. Other artists included John Bold, John Bowes, Janet Kirk, Ruth M. Marshall, W.J. Colclough, Ian Grant,^[26] Joan Werschy and Maurice Crane.^[27]
• 1945: The Manchester Ballet Club, exhibition entitled "Seven Painters", including a portrait by Käthe Schuftan. Other artists included Margo Ingham,^[28][29] John Bold, Theodore Major, John Bowes, Ned Owens,^[30] and W.J. Colclough.^[31]
• 1946: The Manchester Ballet Club, including "Mother with Dead Child" by Käthe Schuftan. Other artists included Ian Grant,^[32] Harold Hemingway,^[33] John Bowes, Richard Weisbrod, Rodger Sumner,^[34] John Bold, E.G. Cowap and Bernard O'Connell.^[35]
• 1947: Gibb's Bookshop, Manchester, exhibition which included works by Käthe Schuftan and Eugene Halliday. Other artists included Jose Christopherson, N.G. Hopwood, J. Gordon Smith.^[36]
• 1948: The Mid-Day Studios,^[37] exhibition entitled "Pub Scenes", which included a painting by Käthe Schuftan described as a study of a bar-room type. Other artists included Kathleen Herring, Ronald Allan, John Crank, Margaret Wilson, H.P. Griffiths, K. Greenhalgh and Aleksander Ferworn.^[38]
• 1951: Whitethorn Cottage, Prestbury, Cheshire, one-person exhibition of watercolours by Käthe Schuftan.^[39]
• 1955: Gibb's Bookshop, Manchester, one-person exhibition of work by Käthe Schuftan.^[40]
• 1958: Salford Museum and Art Gallery, retrospective one-person exhibition of work by Käthe Schuftan following her death on 21 February 1958.^[20]

References

1. Tribute given at her funeral by Eugene Halliday, "Halliday Review Winter 2012–2013" (PDF). Retrieved 1 February 2015. p. 21 (22 of pdf)
2. Josef Paul Hodin, "John Milne: sculptor, life and work", London: Latimer New Dimensions 1977, Section 2, Page 5
3. Obituary, by Margo Ingham, The Manchester Guardian, 24 February 1958.
4. "Archiwum Państwowe we Wrocławiu, sygn. 1425 (Standesamt Breslau I), seria 1 (Geburtenregister), 1899, tom 1". Retrieved 1 February 2015. Nr. 88, p. 49/206 in DejaVu version
5. "German graphic designers during the Hitler period: Biographical and bibliographical references by Gerald Cinamon". Retrieved 1 February 2015.
6. "Two Pieces by Hans Leistikow from 1929 and Gebrauchsgraphik Article on Leistikow". Retrieved 1 February 2015.
7. de:Ernst Eckstein (Politiker)
8. Knut Bergbauer, ""Tote auf Urlaub …": Bernhard Schottländer und Ernst Eckstein, zwei jüdische Sozialisten aus Breslau", in: Andreas Brämer, Arno Herzig, Krzysztof Ruchniewicz (eds.), Jüdisches Leben zwischen Ost und West: Neue Beiträge zur jüdischen Geschichte in Schlesien, Göttingen: Wallstein, pp. 60–78, esp. p. 75-76
9. de Gruyter online database National Socialism, Holocaust, Resistance and Exile 1933–1945, "Urteil 2H 20/34 – 8J 1713/33". Retrieved 1 February 2015.
10. Hans-Rainer Sandvoß, Die "andere" Reichshauptstadt: Widerstand aus der Arbeiterbewegung in Berlin von 1933 bis 1945, Berlin: Lukas 2007, pp. 195–196
11. "Dr. Heinrich-Wilhelm Wörmann, Rede zur Einweihung der Stele zur Erinnerung an das Volkshaus Charlottenburg am 10. September 2011". Retrieved 1 February 2015.
12. Entschädigungsbehörde Berlin, Entschädigungsakte 271445 Käthe Schuftan
13. Margot Riess, "Käthe Schuftan", in: Jüdischer Kulturbund Berlin – Monatsblätter, 5(1937), Heft 6, pp. 3–4
14. Christoph Zuschlag, Entartete Kunst, Worms: Werner 1995, p. 343
15. "Harry Fischer list". Retrieved 1 February 2015.; "Database Entartete Kunst". Retrieved 1 February 2015.
16. Manchester Academy of Fine Arts Exhibition Catalogues 1940, 1941, 1942, Manchester City Art Gallery Archive
17. "BBC – Your Paintings – Girl in a Yellow Jumper". Retrieved 1 February 2015.
18. "BBC – Your Paintings – Emmeline Boulton". Retrieved 1 February 2015.
19. Reviews in The Manchester Guardian Archive, see section on Exhibitions (http://www.library.manchester.ac.uk/searchresources/guidetospecialcollections/atoz/guardianarchive/)
20. Review in The Manchester Guardian, 11 June 1958, page 5
21. "Eine sensationelle Ausstellung", p. 6 in "Die Freie Meinung vol. 11, no. 38, 21 Sep 1929". Retrieved 1 February 2015.
22. Review in The Manchester Guardian, 30 January 1940, page 4
23. Manchester Academy of Fine Arts Exhibition Catalogues 1941, Manchester City Art Gallery Archive
24. Manchester Academy of Fine Arts Exhibition Catalogues 1942, Manchester City Art Gallery Archive
25. "BBC – WW2 People's War – Dancing through the War". Retrieved 1 February 2015.
26. "BBC – Your Paintings – Ian Grant". Retrieved 1 February 2015.
27. Review in The Manchester Guardian, 17 September 1943, page 8
28. "Margo Ingham Biography, Works of Art, Auction Results – Invaluable". Retrieved 1 February 2015.
29. "BBC – Your Paintings – Margo Ingham". Retrieved 1 February 2015.
30. "BBC – Your Paintings – Ned Owens". Retrieved 1 February 2015.
31. Review in The Manchester Guardian, 16 October 1945, page 3
32. "BBC – Your Paintings – Cheshire Mill". Retrieved 1 February 2015.
33. "BBC – Your Paintings – Harold Hemingway". Retrieved 1 February 2015.
34. "BBC – Your Paintings – Roger Sumner". Retrieved 1 February 2015.
35. Review in The Manchester Guardian, 6 May 1946, page 3
36. Review in The Manchester Guardian, 30 September 1947, page 3
37. Art Fund. "Mid-Day Studios, Manchester by L S Lowry". Retrieved 1 February 2015.
38. Review in The Manchester Guardian, 12 January 1948, page 3
39. Review in The Manchester Guardian, 20 August 1951, page 3
40. Review in The Manchester Guardian, 7 March 1955, page 5