Plessa

Plessa

Coat of arms
Plessa

Coordinates: 51°28′00″N 13°37′00″E / 51.46667°N 13.61667°E / 51.46667; 13.61667Coordinates: 51°28′00″N 13°37′00″E / 51.46667°N 13.61667°E / 51.46667; 13.61667
Country Germany
State Brandenburg
District Elbe-Elster
Municipal assoc. Plessa
Government
  Mayor Gottfried Heinicke (CDU)
Area
  Total 52.42 km2 (20.24 sq mi)
Population (2013-12-31)[1]
  Total 2,791
  Density 53/km2 (140/sq mi)
Time zone CET/CEST (UTC+1/+2)
Postal codes 04928
Dialling codes 03533
Vehicle registration EE
Website www.plessa.de

Plessa is a municipality in the Elbe-Elster district, in Brandenburg, Germany.

Following a redrawing of local boundaries which took effect on 31 December 2001, the municipality includes two additional settlements, and therefore now includes Plessa-Süd, Döllingen and Kahla.[2]

History

The first surviving record of Plessa appears in the 1406 "Landbethe zu Hayn",[3] where a total area of slightly more than 24 Oxgangs is recorded. The name "Ples(o)" comes from an old Sorbish word for a lake, and probably refers to backwaters of the Black Elster River, now to an extent channelled, but which in the fifteenth century, with numerous small tributaries meandered through the area.[4] Taxes were paid to the Elsterwerda Castle, home to the lords who owned the land.[4]

The earliest record of a simple unadorned wooden chapel appears in 1540, at this stage without any cross or candle sticks for the altar. Preaching at this time would still have taken place in Wendish. In 1792 a stone church was built, but on 25 October 1811 the village, still mostly comprising timber buildings, was struck by a major fire which only four farmsteads survived. Beside the church the adjacent school house was also badly damaged. The present church was erected in 1814, with an organ installed in 1818.[3][4]

The Oberlausitzer Railway. running from Kohlfurt to Falkenberg, opened in 1874, crossing Plessa, but initially there was no provision for the trains to stop, following opposition to railway development from local farmers who had refused to provide land for a larger line which would open the next year linking Berlin with Dresden. Nevertheless, industrialisation soon began, and Plessa received its own stop on the railway line in 1885, with a station building following in 1891. Shortly after that, in 1894, the "Agnes" Brown-coal mine opened, which led to the establishment in 1897 of the "Plessaer Braunkohlenwerke GmbH" (Plessau Brown-coal company). In 1901 a Briquette factory opened to the north of the railway line. Brown-coal provided a basis for a more general increase in economic activity and the village began to grow, the registered population increasing from 1,200 to 2,063 between 1890 and 1910. The briquette factory developed a side-line in electricity generation, providing a local power network to which 12 electric motors and almost 400 electric lights were connected. The mine director, a man called Friedrich von Delius, nurtured ambitions for the business of power generation and in 1927, after a nine-month construction period, a full-scale power station operated from (and by) the briquette factory came online.

The Second World War cost Plessa 391 dead. The worst days were the 24th and 25 April 1945, when the Red Army broke through. Plessa was identified by the invaders as a "Partisanendorf" (Partisan village): 724 buildings were burned down and 155 villagers died.[5]

After the war the briquette factory and other industrial businesses were nationalised in 1950, shortly after the formal establishment of the German Democratic Republic. By this time the population of Plessa had increased to 3,423. In the next few years the land that had yielded up its lignite on the western side of the Plessa Heath was planted with fruit orchards. The most successful crop came from the sweet cherry trees which are able to tolerate relatively poor soil quality.[6]

On 1 January 1957 Plessa-Süd (previously known as Grödener Schraden) was incorporated into Plessa.[4]

A serious accident took place in 1983 at the Plessa Briquette factory when a coal gas explosion caused several deaths and left many injured.

Local government reorganization followed two years after reunification in 1992, and Plessa became the centre of the Plessa municipal federation, incorporating seven individually small municipalities. In 1998 the power station became a project of the "Fürst-Pückler-Land" regional redevelopment programme.

Demography

Development of Population since 1875 within the Current Boundaries (Blue Line: Population; Dotted Line: Comparison to Population Development of Brandenburg state; Grey Background: Time of Nazi rule; Red Background: Time of Communist rule)
Plessa:
Population development within the current boundaries (2013)
[7]
Year Population
1875 1 600
1890 1 820
1910 2 863
1925 3 418
1933 3 801
1939 3 936
1946 4 409
1950 4 946
1964 4 787
1971 4 799
Year Population
1981 4 385
1985 4 178
1989 3 990
1990 3 928
1991 3 824
1992 3 797
1993 3 764
1994 3 700
1995 3 648
1996 3 604
Year Population
1997 3 551
1998 3 560
1999 3 494
2000 3 459
2001 3 414
2002 3 383
2003 3 333
2004 3 316
2005 3 216
2006 3 153
Year Population
2007 3 051
2008 2 991
2009 2 921
2010 2 887
2011 2 864
2012 2 825
2013 2 791

Photogallery

References

  1. "Bevölkerung im Land Brandenburg nach amtsfreien Gemeinden, Ämtern und Gemeinden 31. Dezember 2013 (Fortgeschriebene amtliche Einwohnerzahlen auf Grundlage des Zensus 2011)". Amt für Statistik Berlin-Brandenburg (in German). 2014.
  2. StBA: Änderungen bei den Gemeinden Deutschlands, see under 2001
  3. 1 2 Amt Plessa - Eine Region in der reizvollen Niederlausitzer Heidelandschaft (Euroverlag ed.). Cottbus: Amt Plessa. 1996.
  4. 1 2 3 4 Luise Grundmann, Dietrich Hanspach (Verf.) (2005). Der Schraden. Eine landeskundliche Bestandsaufnahme im Raum Elsterwerda, Lauchhammer, Hirschfeld und Ortrand (in German) (Böhlau Verlag ed.). Cologne, Weimar, Wien: Institut für Länderkunde Leipzig und der Sächsischen Akad. der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig. pp. 106–111. ISBN 3-412-10900-2.
  5. Der Russe kommt. „Kulturzeit extra: Plessa. Partisanendorf“, a 3sat documentation, August 2009 (in German).
  6. Autorengemeinschaft (2001). Kohle, Wind und Wasser. Ein energiehistorischer Streifzug durch das Elbe-Elster-Land (in German). Herzberg/Elster: Kulturamt des Landkreises Elbe-Elster. p. 84. ISBN 3-00-008956-X.
  7. Detailed data sources are to be found in the Wikimedia Commons.Population Projection Brandenburg at Wikimedia Commons
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