Kangwon Line

Kangwŏn Line
Overview
Native name 강원선(江原線)
Type Heavy rail, Passenger/freight rail
Regional rail
Status Operational
Locale South Hamgyŏng
Kangwŏn
Termini Kowŏn
P'yŏnggang
Stations 23
Operation
Opened Mainline: 1913-1916
Ch'ŏnnae Branch: 1 November 1927
Koam Branch: 17 December 1943
Songdowŏn Branch: 23 September 2014
Owner Korean State Railway
Operator(s) Korean State Railway
Technical
Line length 145.8 km
Number of tracks Single track
Track gauge 1,435 mm (4 ft 8 1⁄2 in) standard gauge
Electrification 3000 V DC Overhead line
Route map
Legend
P'yŏngra Line
0.0 Kowŏn
P'yŏngra Line
7.5 Chŏnt'an
↑Kowŏn/Ch'ŏnnae↓
4.4 Ch'ŏnnae
Ch'ŏnnae Branch
12.1 Ryongdam
↑Ch'ŏnnae/Munch'ŏn↓
7.4 Koam
22.0 Okp'yŏng
Koam Branch
 29.4 Munch'ŏn
 ↑Munch'ŏn/Wŏnsan↓
36.5 Tŏkwŏn
42.0 Wŏnsan
Songdowŏn Branch
P'yŏngyang–Wŏnsan Tourist Motorway
Songdowŏn
Segil
2.0 Wŏnsanhang
Wŏnsanhang Branch
46.1 Kalma
 ↑Wŏnsan/Anbyŏn↓
 52.8 Paehwa
 57.7 Anbyŏn
 Kŭmgangsan Ch'ŏngnyŏn Line
 ↑Anbyŏn/Kosan↓
 64.1 Namsan
 73.5 Kwangmyŏng
 81.6 Ryongjiwŏn
 88.1 Kosan
 97.4 Tongga-ri
 ↑Kosan/Sep'o↓
 102.5 Rakch'ŏn
 106.4 Sambang
 114.1 Sep'o Ch'ŏngnyŏn
 Ch'ŏngnyŏn Ich'ŏn Line
 121.3 Sŏngsan
 126.3 Kŏmbullang
 131.1 Ri'mok
 ↑Sep'o/P'yŏnggang↓
 142.0 Pokkye
 145.8 P'yŏnggang
 152.6 Kagok Closed
 ↑DPRK
 DMZ
 ↓ROK
 162.6 Woljeongri Closed
 Gyeongwon Line
Kangwon Line
Chosŏn'gŭl 강원선
Hancha 江原線
Revised Romanization Gangwonseon
McCune–Reischauer Kangwŏnsŏn

The Kangwŏn Line is a 145.8 km electrified standard-gauge trunk line of the North Korean State Railway, connecting Kowŏn on the P'yŏngra Line to P'yŏnggang, providing an east–west connection between the P'yŏngra and Ch'ŏngnyŏn Ich'ŏn lines.[1]

Although the line continues south across the Korean Demilitarized Zone, it is non-operational south of P'yŏnggang.

The ruling gradient is 25‰, the minimum curve radius is 300 m; there are 94 bridges with a total length of 3,493 m, and 18 tunnels with a total length of 6,243 m. There are 23 stations on the line, with an average distance between stations of 6.5 km. Wŏnsan Station is the most important station on the line; in addition to its passenger infrastructure, locomotive and freight car maintenance facilities are located there.[2]

On 5 August 2015, South Korean President Park Geun-hye attended a ceremony launching work on the reconstruction of the 9.3 km Baengmagoji–Woljeong-ri section of Korail's Gyeongwon Line, which has been closed since the Korean War, as part of events marking the 70th anniversary of the partition of Korea. The works are to begin in October and are expected to be finished by 2017; the US $129 million project is being funded by the Unification Ministry. Park also stated her hope that the remaining 2.4 km section across the DMZ would be rebuilt soon, which would re-establish the old Gyeongwon line connecting Seoul to Wŏnsan.[3]

History

The Kangwŏn Line's Wŏnsan-P'yŏnggang section was opened, along with the rest of the Kyŏngwŏn Line from Seoul to Wŏnsan, on 16 August 1914 (the Wŏnsan-Ryongjiwŏn section was completed on 21 August 1913, Pokkye-Kŏmbullang on 25 September 1913, Kosan-Ryongjiwŏn on 21 October 1913, Kŏmbullang-Sep'o on 21 June 1914, and Sep'o-Kosan on 16 August 1914,[4] forming an important east–west transversal line.

The Wŏnsan-Kowŏn section was built as part of the Hamgyong Line of the Chosen Government Railway; this line ran on the routing of Wŏnsan-Kowŏn (now part of the Kangwŏn Line), Kowŏn-Ch'ŏngjin (now part of the P'yŏngra Line), and Ch'ŏngjin-Sangsambong (now part of the Hambuk Line).[5] The Wŏnsan-Kowŏn section was completed in two parts: Wŏnsan-Okp'yŏng (at the time called Munch'ŏn Station) on 1 August 1915, and Munch'ŏn-Kowŏn-Kŭmya on 21 July 1916; the Kowŏn-Kŭmya section is now part of the P'yŏngra Line.[6]

The Kyŏngwŏn Line was the first in Korea to be electrified, as part of a plan to create an electrified line all the way from Pusan to Xinjing, Manchukuo.[7] The first stage of this plan was the electrification of the Kyŏngwŏn, Kyŏnggyŏng and Kyŏngin lines,[7] and in March 1940, the Imperial Diet budgeted 3.6 million Yen for electrification equipment for this plan,[8] Electrification of the Pokkye-Kosan section of the Kyŏngwŏn line began in December 1940; it was completed and commissioned on 27 March 1944,[9] and commercial electric operations commenced on 1 April 1944.[10]

The Kangwŏn Line was severely damaged during the Korean War, but was quickly repaired after the war. The Kowŏn-Sep'o Ch'ŏngnyŏn section of the line was electrified in September 1980, and the electrification of the Sep'o Ch'ŏngnyŏn-P'yŏnggang section was completed in early 1986.[2]

Services

Freight

The Kangwŏn Line serves the ports at Wŏnsan and Munch'ŏn, and a number of industries including the smelter at Munch'ŏn and the May 18th Works; the primary goods received on the line are anthracite, zinc concentrates, coke, solvents etc., while the most important outbound goods include seafood and machinery. There is also a significant amount of through traffic on the line destined for points in North and South Hwanghae on the Ch'ŏngnyŏn Ich'ŏn line and beyond, such as coking coal imported from China for the Hwanghae Steel Complex, wood imported from Russia and chemical fertilisers produced in the Hamhŭng area[2]

Passenger

The following passenger trains are known to operate on this line:[1]

In the past, there was a passenger service operated between Sariwŏn and Hamhŭng which ran via the Ch'ŏngnyŏn Ich'ŏn line and the Sep'o-Kowon section of the Kangwŏn line and another between Wŏnsan and P'yŏnggang,[2] but the status of these trains at present is not known.

Route

Mainline

A yellow background in the "Distance" box indicates that section of the line is not electrified.

Distance Station Name (Transcribed) Station Name (Chosŏn'gŭl) Connections
0.0 Kowŏn 고원 P'yŏngra Line
7.5 Chŏnt'an 전탄
12.1 Ryongdam 룡담 Ch'ŏnnae Branch
22.0 Okp'yŏng 옥평 Koam Branch
29.4 Munch'ŏn 문천
36.5 Tŏkwŏn 덕원
42.0 Wŏnsan 원산 Songdowŏn Branch
46.1 Kalma 갈마 Wŏnsanhang Branch
52.8 Paehwa 배화
57.7 Anbyŏn 안변 Kŭmgangsan Ch'ŏngnyŏn Line
64.1 Namsan 남산
73.5 Kwangmyŏng 광명
81.6 Ryongjiwŏn 룡지원
88.1 Kosan 고산
97.4 Tongga-ri 동가리
102.5 Rakch'ŏn 락천
106.4 Sambang 삼방
114.1 Sep'o Ch'ŏngnyŏn 세포 청년 Ch'ŏngnyŏn Ich'ŏn Line
121.3 Sŏngsan 성산
126.3 Kŏmbullang 검불랑
131.1 Ri'mok 리목
142.0 Pokkye 복계
145.8 P'yŏnggang 평강

Ch'ŏnnae Branch

This freight-only branchline was opened on 1 November 1927 to transport cement from the Ch'ŏnnae Cement Factory at Ch'ŏnnae Station (at the time called Ch'ŏnnae-ri Station) to Ryongdam Station on the Hamgyong Line.[6][11] It was electrified in the 1980s.

Distance Station Name (Transcribed) Station Name (Chosŏn'gŭl) Connections
0.0 Ryongdam 룡담 Kangwŏn Line
4.4 Ch'ŏnnae 천내

Koam Branch

This non-electrified branchline of the Kangwŏn Line is also known as the Munch'ŏn Port Line (Chosŏngŭl: 문천항선, Hanja: 文川港線, Munch'ŏnhangsŏn).

The line was originally opened by the Chosen Anthracite Company (Japanese: 朝鮮無煙炭株式会社, Chōsen Muentan Kabushiki Kaisha, Korean: 조선 무연탄 주식회사, Chosŏn Muyŏnt'an Chusikhoesa) on 17 December 1943 as a privately owned railway from Ok'pyŏng Station on the Hamgyŏng Line (at the time called Munch'ŏn Station) to Koam Station (at the time called Wŏnsanbukhang Station).[12]

Distance Station Name (Transcribed) Station Name (Chosŏn'gŭl) Connections
0.0 Okp'yŏng 옥평 Kangwŏn Line
7.4 Koam 고암

Songdowŏn Branch

This electrified branchline running from Wŏnsan to Songdowŏn and Segil was opened on 23 September 2014; the inaugural train was pulled by a Sŏngun Red Flag-class locomotive.[13]

Distance Station Name (Transcribed) Station Name (Chosŏn'gŭl) Connections
0.0 Wŏnsan 원산 Kangwŏn Line
Songdowŏn 송도원
Segil 세길

Wŏnsanhang Branch

Not electrified.

Distance Station Name (Transcribed) Station Name (Chosŏn'gŭl) Connections
0.0 Kalma 갈마 Kangwŏn Line
2.0 Wŏnsanhang 원산항

References

  1. 1 2 Kokubu, Hayato, 将軍様の鉄道 (Shōgun-sama no Tetsudō), ISBN 978-4-10-303731-6
  2. 1 2 3 4 The traffic and geography in North Korea: Kangwŏn Line (in Korean)
  3. ↑ http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/news/asia/single-view/view/south-korea-to-reinstate-line-to-the-dmz.html
  4. ↑ "경영원칙 > 경영공시 > 영업현황 > 영업거리현황". Korail. Retrieved 2015-09-17.
  5. ↑ 朝鮮総督府官報 (The Public Journal of the Governor-General of Korea), Shōwa No. 669, 28 March 1929 (in Japanese)
  6. 1 2 Japanese Government Railways, 鉄道停車場一覧 昭和12年10月1日現在(The List of the Stations as of 1 October 1937), Kawaguchi Printing Company, Tokyo, 1937, pp 498–501, 504–505 (in Japanese)
  7. 1 2 http://ktymtskz.my.coocan.jp/denki/matuda.htm
  8. ↑ http://ameblo.jp/gon-xiaodao/entry-11558620854.html
  9. ↑ http://ameblo.jp/gon-xiaodao/entry-11081690203.html
  10. ↑ http://ameblo.jp/gon-xiaodao/entry-11338728382.html
  11. ↑ Ch'ŏnnae Line
  12. ↑ 朝鮮総督府官報 (The Public Journal of the Governor-General of Korea), Shōwa No. 5070, 27 December 1943
  13. ↑ 北, 원산 송도원국제소년단야영소에 송도원역 준공, Nocutnews, 2014.9.24
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