Karl E. Mundt

Karl Earl Mundt
United States Senator from South Dakota
In office December 31, 1948 – January 3, 1973
Preceded by	Vera C. Bushfield
Succeeded by	James Abourezk
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from South Dakota's 1st district
In office January 3, 1939 – December 30, 1948
Preceded by	Fred H. Hildebrandt
Succeeded by	Harold O. Lovre
Personal details
Born	June 3, 1900 Humboldt, South Dakota
Died	August 16, 1974 (aged 74) Washington, D.C.
Political party	Republican
Spouse(s)	Mary Moses

Karl Earl Mundt (June 3, 1900 – August 16, 1974) was an American educator and a Republican member of the United States Congress, representing South Dakota in the United States House of Representatives from 1938 to 1948 and in the United States Senate from 1948 to 1973.

Biography

Born in Humboldt, South Dakota, Mundt attended public schools in Humboldt, Pierre, and Madison, graduating from Madison High School in 1919. In high school, he excelled in oratory and debate, which became lifetime passions. After receiving a Bachelor of Arts degree from Carleton College in Minnesota in 1923 with a major in economics, he became teacher and principal at Bryant High School in Bryant, South Dakota. As a first-year teacher he taught speech, psychology, sociology, and government, coached the debate, oratory, and extemporaneous speech teams, and began a school newspaper. After his first year, he was promoted to superintendent of Bryant schools, a position he held until 1927. As superintendent, he continued to coach debate and oratory.

In 1924, Mundt married Mary Elizabeth Moses, a college classmate who also taught at Bryant High School. In 1927, both Karl and Mary Mundt received Master of Arts degrees from Columbia University following four years of summer study there. Beginning in 1928, they both taught at Eastern State Normal School (now Dakota State University), continuing there until 1936. Karl headed the speech department and taught psychology and economics, while Mary taught drama and French.

In 1936, Mundt was the Republican candidate for the House of Representatives in South Dakota's 1st congressional district, losing in a Democratic year to Fred H. Hildebrandt. He won the seat in the 1938 election, a year more favorable to Republicans, and was re-elected four times. In 1948, he was elected to the Senate seat previously held by Harlan J. Bushfield. He resigned his House seat on December 30, 1948, having been appointed to the Senate to fill the vacancy created by the resignation of Senator Vera C. Bushfield, who had succeeded her husband after his death in September 1948. Mundt was reelected to the Senate in 1954, 1960, and 1966.

On 23 November 1969 he suffered a severe stroke and was subsequently unable to attend sessions of Congress, although he received extensive speech and physical therapy. His wife, Mary, led his staff in Mundt's place and refused calls for the crippled Senator to resign. Mundt was stripped of his committee assignments by the Senate Republican Conference in 1972, but he remained in office through the end of his term on January 3, 1973.^[1][2] He did not seek reelection in 1972, and was succeeded in the Senate by the Democrat James G. Abourezk.

Karl Mundt died in Washington, D.C., in 1974 of a heart ailment and is buried in Madison, South Dakota.

Accomplishments in the U.S. Congress

A confidential 1943 analysis of the House Foreign Affairs Committee by Isaiah Berlin for the British Foreign Office described Mundt as^[3]

One of the four real Opposition members who voted rigidly against the Administration's foreign policy before Pearl Harbour. An ignorant man, gifted with a somewhat slow intelligence, but sincere and constantly baffled by problems largely outside his mental scope. His appetite for facts is, unfortunately, much greater than his ability to grasp and evaluate them. (Until quite recently, he was under the impression that Canada "paid tribute" to Britain!) Very much a corn area man and a protectionist, he shows signs of seeing that on America's postwar tariff policy may depend the success or failure of attempts at some form of international law and order. One of his pet ideas is that, in exchange for Lend-Lease, America should obtain air bases and post-war air transport facilities throughout the world. A thorn in the side of the Administration. Nationalist.

From the Jerusalem Post "As the truth about genocide became known, a resolution in Congress in 1943 urging the creation of a commission to promulgate and execute a plan of immediate action designed to save the surviving people of Europe from execution at the hands of Nazi Germany. This failed after Karl Mundt of South Dakota expressed doubt as to whether a precedent could be established for "a single people". In the House of Representatives, Mundt sponsored and supported proposals for "Buy American" legislation, was a member of the Foreign Affairs committee from 1941 to 1948, and played a key role in encouraging the United States to join the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) in 1945. He was a key proponent of the Voice of America, which was established as a result of the Smith-Mundt Act, signed into law in 1948. He was a member of the House Un-American Activities Committee from 1943 to 1948. HUAC's activities during this period included the Alger Hiss hearings, in which Mundt was a key participant. HUAC also initiated its investigations of the motion picture industry, resulting in the Hollywood blacklist. However, Mundt was unsuccessful in attempts to have HUAC continue investigating the Ku Klux Klan.

Mundt was also involved in what would become the McCarran Internal Security Act of 1950. In 1948, Mundt joined with Richard Nixon to introduce a bill to require registration of Communists in the United States and to bar Communists from holding public office; a modified version of the bill was passed in the McCarran Act. He also introduced a modification to Title 50, criminalizing the passage of certain classified information to foreigners.^[4]

As a Senator, Mundt served on the Senate's Appropriations Committee, Foreign Relations Committee, Government Operations Committee, and Permanent Investigations Subcommittee, and he represented the Senate on the Intergovernmental Relations Advisory Commission. In 1954, he chaired the Senate Subcommittee on Investigations for the Army-McCarthy Hearings. His accomplishments as a Senator included obtaining support for Missouri River projects, establishment of the EROS Data Center in Sioux Falls, South Dakota, agriculture programs, and Interstate highway construction in South Dakota.

The National Forensic League

In 1925, Karl Mundt and Bruno E. Jacob founded the National Forensic League, a high school honor society promoting speech and debate activities. Karl Mundt served as the organization's national president from 1932 until 1971.^[5]

Karl Mundt was the primary sponsor of The Alexander Hamilton Bicentennial Convention, held in the summer of 1957. It featured 55 high school (mostly) seniors in Washington, DC and Philadelphia, PA, as representatives of the (then) 48 states and seven territories in a "mock" constitutional convention. Bruno E. Jacob was instrumental in this effort. One of the participants, James Copeland, delegate from Michigan, went on to be Executive Secretary of the National Forensic League from 1986 to 2003.

Legacy

Karl Mundt's personal papers are archived at Dakota State University in Madison, where the campus library was named in his honor in 1969.^[6] The Karl E. Mundt National Wildlife Refuge in South Dakota was named in his honor when it was established in 1974.

The Karl E. Mundt Foundation, established in Mundt's honor in 1963, awards prizes for essays and oratorical contests, sponsors seminars and public lectures, and helps support the annual Karl E. Mundt Debate Tournament and Karl E. Mundt Dakota Invitational Oral Interpretation Contest in South Dakota. The Karl E. Mundt Foundation has its offices at the Karl Mundt Library at Dakota State University.

Mundt's career was reexamined by political pundits in 2006 after South Dakota Senator Tim Johnson suffered a bleeding brain aneurysm in December of that year. Mundt's extended absence from office could have provided a critical precedent if Senator Johnson had required a prolonged convalescence.

References

1. "S.D. recalls last empty Senate seat", Yahoo News (AP) 15 December 2006. (Link dead as of 15 January 2007)
2. "S.D. governor would name person to fill Johnson vacancy", USA Today 14 December 2006.
3. Hachey, Thomas E. (Winter 1973–1974). "American Profiles on Capitol Hill: A Confidential Study for the British Foreign Office in 1943" (PDF). Wisconsin Magazine of History 57 (2): 141–153. JSTOR 4634869. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-10-21.
4. http://law.justia.com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/F2/317/546/391121/#fn5
5. Jacob, Bruno E., "The NFL Year-by-Year", National Forensics League
6. Dakota State University, "Richard Nixon and the Dedication of the Mundt Library: An unusual event in a time of campus unrest"

External links

• United States Congress. "Karl E. Mundt (id: M001078)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
• Karl E. Mundt Archives Biography and information about the Senator's papers and memorabilia archived at Dakota State University (Primary source for information in this article)
• "Letter from J.J. Singh requesting support for Mundt amendment" in the South Asian American Digital Archive (SAADA)