Karwinskia humboldtiana

Karwinskia humboldtiana
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
(unranked):	Angiosperms
(unranked):	Eudicots
(unranked):	Rosids
Order:	Rosales
Family:	Rhamnaceae
Genus:	Karwinskia
Species:	K. humboldtiana
Binomial name
Karwinskia humboldtiana (Schult.) Zucc.
Synonyms
Rhamnus humboldtiana Schult.[1]

Karwinskia humboldtiana, commonly known as coyotillo or Humboldt coyotillo, is a species of flowering shrub or small tree in the buckthorn family, Rhamnaceae. It is native to southern and western Texas in the United States^[2] as well as much of Mexico.^[1] The seeds and leaves of this plant contain the quinones eleutherin and 7-methoxyeleutherin^[3] and chrysophanol and β-amyrin in the fruits^[4] that are toxic to humans and livestock.^[5]

References

1. "Karwinskia humboldtiana (Schult.) Zucc.". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. 2007-08-30. Retrieved 2009-12-02.
2. "Coyotillo, Humboldt Coyotillo, Tullidora, Capulincillo, Capulincillo Cimmaron, Capulin, Palo Negrito, Margarita, Cacachila, China, Frutillo Negrito, Cochila, Margarita del Cero (Karwinskia humboldtiana)". Texas Native Shrubs. Texas A&M University. Retrieved 2009-09-23.
3. Antimicrobial agents from higher plants: two dimethylbenzisochromans from Karwinskia humboldtiana. Lester A. Mitscher, Sitaraghav R. Gollapudi, David S. Oburn and Steven Drake, Phytochemistry, Volume 24, Issue 8, 1985, Pages 1681-1683, doi:10.1016/S0031-9422(00)82534-0
4. Chrysophanol and β-amyrin in the fruits of Karwinskia humboldtiana. Xorge Alejandro Domínguez and Leticia Garza, Phytochemistry, Volume 11, Issue 3, March 1972, Page 1186, doi:10.1016/S0031-9422(00)88492-7
5. "Coyotillo". Texas AgriLife Research and Extension at Uvalde. Texas A&M University System. 2000. Retrieved 2009-09-23.