Kasa-obake


Kasa-obake (Japanese: 傘ãŠã°ã‘)[2][3] are a mythical ghost or yÅkai in Japanese folklore. They are sometimes, but not always, considered a tsukumogami that old umbrellas turn into. They are also called "karakasa-obake" (ã‹ã‚‰å‚˜ãŠã°ã‘),[2][4] "kasa-bake" (傘化ã‘),[5] and "karakasa kozÅ" (å”傘å°åƒ§).
Summary
They are generally umbrellas with one eye and jump around with one leg, but sometimes they have two arms or two eyes among other features,[2][6] and they also sometimes depicted to have a long tongue.[3] Sometimes, but rarely, they even have two feet, as depicted in the yÅkai emaki such the "Hyakki Yagyo Zumaki."[1]
In the Hyakki Yagyo Emaki from the Muromachi period, yÅkai that appeared as umbrellas could be seen, but in this emaki, it was a humanoid yokai that that merely had an umbrella on its head, and thus had a different appearance than that resembling a kasa-obake.[7] The kasa-obake that took on an appearance with one eye and one foot was seen from the Edo period and onwards, and in the Obake karuta made from the Edo period to the TaishÅ period, kasa-obake with one foot could often be seen.[7] In the yÅkai sugoroku "Mukashi-banashi YÅkai Sugoroku (百種怪談妖物åŒå…)" the Ansei era, a kasa-obake was depicted under the name "One-footed from Sagizaka (é·ºå‚ã®ä¸€æœ¬è¶³ Sagazaka no Ippon Ashi)."[8] Among the many non-living or still object yÅkai depicted in the "Hyakki Yagyo Emaki," only the umbrella yÅkai can be seen to have remain well-known even after the Edo period,[9] and it is said to be the most well-known yÅkai of an object.[7]
They frequently appear in legends and caricatures,[7][10] and as opposed to how they are a yÅkai that is unusually well-known, they do not appear in any eye-witness stories in folklore at all,[7] and it is not clear what kind of yÅkai they are.[2] Literature about them are not accompanied by folktales, and thus they are considered to be a yÅkai that appear only in made-up stories[10] or exist only in pictures.[7] After the war, there was also the interpretation that they were an existence that was on the same level as manga characters.[7] One possibility that has been thought of is that when Hyakumonogatari Kaidankai became popular in the Edo period, the story-tellers were requested to tell new stories and about yÅkai that is not yet known throughout society, and thus they were a yÅkai created by individuals.[11]
For tools used in human life, there was the way of thought that, as months and years pass by and these tools become older, they have an ability to become apparitions. These are called tsukumogami, and some literature consider this yÅkai to be one example of them,[3][12] but it has not been confirmed that there are any classical literature or classical essays that verifies this.[2]
After the war, they became a representative character for depictions of obake and haunted houses,[2][4] and are frequently used as characters anime, manga,[3] and movies that have a theme on yÅkai,[5] and are also generally doodled by children.[2]
Similar stories
These are not kasa-obake, but in folktales, as an umbrella yÅkai, in the Higashiuwa region, Ehime Prefecture, there is a story that a rain umbrella would appear in valleys on rainy nights, and those who see it would cower and not be able to move their feet.[7] Also, in Mizokuchi, Tottori Prefecture (now HÅki, Saihaku District), there is a yÅkai called yÅ«reigasa (幽霊傘, "ghost umbrella") that has one eye and one foot like the kasa-obake, but it is said that on days of strong wind, they would blow people up into the skies.[5]
In popular culture
- Kasa-obake are depicted as minor enemies in the video game The Legend of the Mystical Ninja for the Super NES.[13]
- Kasa-obake are depicted as minor enemies throughout the KiKi KaiKai series
- The kasa-obake was a main fighter in the 1968 Daiei film, Yokai Monsters: Spook Warfare, the prop was originally created for the earlier Yokai Monsters: One Hundred Monsters.
- Kasa-obake also make common appearances in GeGeGe no KitarÅ along with various other YÅkai.
- In the scrolling shooter series Touhou Project, Kogasa Tatara is a Kasa-obake in the game Undefined Fantastic Object
- The 1993 Japanese television series Ninja Sentai Kakuranger, features two monsters of the week based on this YÅkai. First is a cycloptic monster under the name of Kasabake and the second one was a beautiful woman named Karakasa. Both were members of the "Youkai Army Corps", the villains of the series.
- The Kasa-obake makes an appearance in The Great Yokai War.
- Kasa-obake are depicted as boss enemies in various Kirby video games.
- The Karakara appearing in the Pumpkin Zone in Super Mario Land 2: 6 Golden Coins are based on Kasa-obake.
- The Karasaka-obake appears alongside other classical YÅkai in the game and anime Yo-Kai Watch.
Notes
- 1 2 湯元2005å¹´88é 。
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 é€ 2007å¹´ 76-77é 。
- 1 2 3 4 一柳2008å¹´77é 。
- 1 2 åˆè¦‹2009å¹´ 73é 。
- 1 2 3 水木1994å¹´ 144é 。
- ↑ æ‘上å¥å¸ç·¨è‘— (2000). 妖怪事典. 毎日新èžç¤¾. pp. 119é . ISBN 978-4-620-31428-0.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 æ‘上他2000å¹´ 54é 。
- ↑ äººæ–‡ç¤¾ç ”ç©¶éƒ¨ç·¨ (2005). 江戸諸国百物語 è«¸å›½æ€ªè«‡å¥‡è«‡é›†æˆ è¥¿æ—¥æœ¬ç·¨. ã‚‚ã®ã—りシリーズ. 人文社. p. 2. ISBN 978-4-7959-1956-3.
- ↑ 阿部主計 (1968). 妖怪å¦å…¥é–€. 雄山閣. pp. 128–129é .
- 1 2 田神他編2006å¹´ 72é 。
- ↑ 京極å¤å½¦ (2008). 多田克己編, ed. 妖怪画本 ç‹‚æŒç™¾ç‰©èªž. 国書刊行会. pp. 272–273é . ISBN 978-4-3360-5055-7.
- ↑ 多田克己 (1990). 幻想世界ã®ä½äººãŸã¡. Truth in fantasy IV. 新紀元社. pp. 303é . ISBN 978-4-915146-44-2.
- ↑ J.J. McCullough (ed.). "Legend of the Mystical Ninja, annotated edition". Retrieved 2014-04-23.
References
- 一柳広å監修 (2008). 知ã£ã¦ãŠããŸã„世界ã®å¹½éœŠãƒ»å¦–怪・都市ä¼èª¬. ãªã‚‹ã»ã©!BOOK. 西æ±ç¤¾. ISBN 978-4-7916-1568-1.
- 田神å¥ä¸€ãƒ»å¥¥æ´¥åœä»‹ãƒ»ä¸æ‘亜津沙編 (2006). アニメ版 ゲゲゲã®é¬¼å¤ªéƒŽ å®Œå…¨èªæœ¬. 講談社. ISBN 4-062-13742-9.
- é€ äº‹å‹™æ‰€ç·¨è‘— (2007). 多田克己監修, ed. 日本ã¨ä¸–界ã®ã€Œå¹½éœŠãƒ»å¦–怪ã€ãŒã‚ˆãã‚ã‹ã‚‹æœ¬. PHP文庫. PHPç ”ç©¶æ‰€. ISBN 978-4-569-66887-1.
- åˆè¦‹å¥ä¸€ (2009). ã¾ã ã‚る。 今ã§ã‚‚ã‚ãã‚ã"æ‡ã‹ã—ã®æ˜å’Œ"ã‚«ã‚¿ãƒã‚° éŠåœ’地編. 大空出版. ISBN 978-4-903175-33-1.
- 水木ã—ã’ã‚‹ (1994). 図説 日本妖怪大全. 講談社+α文庫. 講談社. ISBN 978-4-06-256049-8.
- æ‘上å¥å¸ä»–編著 (2000). 百鬼夜行解体新書. コーエー. ISBN 978-4-87719-827-5.
- 湯本豪一 (2005). 百鬼夜行絵巻 妖怪ãŸã¡ãŒé¨’ãŽã ã™. å°å¦é¤¨. ISBN 978-4-09-607023-9.
See also
- Obake
- YÅkai
- ChÅchinobake
- Tsukumogami
- Inbunche
- Monopod