Patiala gharana
The Patiala gharana is one of the gharanas of vocal Pakistani classical music and Hindustani classical music. It was founded by Ustad Fateh Ali Khan and Ustad Ali Baksh Khan,[1] and was initially sponsored by the Maharaja of Patiala, Punjab and was known for ghazal, thumri, and khyal styles of singing.
Characteristics
This gharana tends to favor pentatonic ragas for their ornamentation and execution of intricate taans.[1] Ektaal and Teentaal are the most common taals chosen by members of this gharana. Besides khyal, the singing of thumri of Punjab Ang is emphasized.
This gharana has been criticized by purists, who say it overuses ornaments and graces without considering the basic nature and mood of the raga and neglects principles of khyal architecture, as exemplified by Bade Ghulam Ali Khan's quick ascent through the octave in his rendering of Darbari.[2]
The special feature of Patiala Gharana is its rendering of taans. These are very rhythmic, vakra (complicated) and Firat Taanas, and are not bound by the rhythmic cycle. Taans with clear aakar are presented not through the throat but through the chest.
While singing khayal the khatka and murki are utilized, and the presentation of the khayal is embellished with bol-banav, bol-taan, sargam, meend and keeping to the laya and rhythmic cycle.[3]
Because of unique taans, gamak, gayaki of tarana style and sapat taans, this gharana can be easily differentiated from others.
Prominent exponents
- Bade Ghulam Ali Khan[4]
- Ajoy Chakrabarty
- Ali Baksh
- Amanat Ali Khan
- Asad Amanat Ali Khan
- Ghulam Ali
- S. Ballesh disciple of Ustad Bismillah Khan.
- Dilshad Khan, husband of Parveen Sultana
- Fateh Ali Khan
- Farida Khanum
- Hamid Ali Khan[5]
- Jagdish Prasad
- Johar Ali Khan
- Kaushiki Chakrabarty, daughter of Ajoy Chakraborty
- Samrat Pandit, Son of Jagdish Prasad
- Lakshmi Shankar
- Munawar Ali Khan, son of Bade Ghulam Ali Khan
- Mazhar Ali Khan
- Nirmala Devi
- Prasun Banerjee (singer) and Meera Banerjee (née Chatterjee)
- Parveen Sultana
- Raza Ali Khan, grandson of Bade Ghulam Ali Khan
- Sanjukta Ghosh
- Shafqat Amanat Ali
- Mohammad Hussain Sarahang from Afghanistan
- Saboor Khan and Umair Khan from India
- Vasantrao Deshpande
- Rahul Deshpande
References
- 1 2 , Patiala Gharana's history on worldsingerbook.com, Retrieved 11 Feb 2016
- ↑ Bagchee, Sandeep (1998). Nād: Understanding Rāga Music. BPI (India) PVT Ltd. p. 182. ISBN 81-86982-07-8.
- ↑ https://indianraga.wordpress.com/tag/patiala-gharana/, Patiala Gharana 'Profile' on Indian Raga website, published 12 June 2010, Retrieved 11 Feb 2016
- ↑ http://www.dawn.com/news/301007/classical-music-has-healing-effect-on-listeners, Article on Patiala Gharana in Dawn newspaper, 'Classical music has healing effect on listeners', published 3 May 2008, Retrieved 11 Feb 2016
- ↑ http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/entertainment/30-Nov-2015/hamid-ali-khan-mesmerizes-audience-at-musical-soiree-in-new-York, Article in Daily Times newspaper, published 30 Nov 2015, Retrieved 11 Feb 2016