Ken Raymond

Ken Raymond

Kenneth Norman Raymond (born January 7, 1942) is an expert in bioinorganic and coordination chemistry. He is a Chancellor's Professor of Chemistry at University of California, Berkeley,^[1] the Director of the Seaborg Center in the Chemical Sciences Division at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, and the President and Chairman of Lumiphore.^[2]

Biography

Early life and education

Raymond was born in Astoria, Oregon and raised in various towns in Oregon. After graduating from Clackamas High School in 1959, he spent a year in Germany where he worked as a test-driver for Volkswagen and developed a taste for German culture. He then attended Reed College in Portland, Oregon where he majored in Chemistry and earned a Bachelor of Arts in 1964. Raymond then attended Northwestern University where he studied coordination chemistry and crystallography under Fred Basolo, and also worked closely with James A. Ibers, earning his Ph.D. degree in 1968.

Academic career

Raymond received an appointment to the faculty in the Department of Chemistry at The University of California, Berkeley in 1967 as an assistant professor. He became an associate professor in 1974 and a full professor of chemistry in 1978. Research from the Raymond group has covered a wide range of topics in inorganic chemistry, including actinide and lanthanide chemistry, microbial iron transport and metal-based supramolecular assemblies. At the heart of his research throughout his career is basic interest in metal-ligand specificity as understood through crystallography and solution thermodynamics.

Raymond, now a UC Berkeley Chancellor’s Professor and the Director of the Glenn T. Seaborg Center at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, continues to make strides in fundamental research in the fields of metals in biology and physical inorganic chemistry.

Scientific achievements

Uranocene

One of the first great achievements of Raymond’s independent research career was the determination of the crystal structure of uranocene (Di-π-cyclooctatetraeneuranium).^[3] This structure was a seminal discovery in the study of f-block sandwich complexes. Since this discovery, the analogous structures of several other f-block metals have been explored (including thorium and cerium from the Raymond lab).

Microbial Iron Transport

The study of iron transport systems in microbes and the coordination chemistry of siderophores is one of the longest running projects in the Raymond group. Several generations of students have studied the structures and solution behaviors of some of the most notable siderophores including enterobactin, desferrioxamine B, alcaligin and bacillibactin. Recently, the project has begun to explore siderophore interactions with the innate immune system during bacterial infections.^[4] Throughout the years the iron project has continued to thrive and has been said to have “more twists and turns than an Agatha Christie novel.” Studies in siderophore structure, and especially ligand specificity, have inspired several other projects in the Raymond group.

Actinide Sequestration

Raymond’s early interest in actinides (including plutonium, uranium and others), along with his expertise with siderophores, has led to the development of actinide decorporation agents. This project is based on a fundamental understanding of coordination chemistry, in order to design ligands that are selective for and support the geometry constraints of these elements.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Efforts toward the development of siderophore-inspired gadolinium(III) chelates began in the 1980s and have led to several promising compounds for magnetic resonance imaging. These compounds are both more stable and have a higher relaxivity than commercially available compounds and are the subject of several patents. Hexadentate hydroxypyridinone (HOPO) and terephthalamide (TAM) oxygen donor chelators allow high thermodynamic stability of complexes while allowing for 2-3 water molecules to be directly coordinated to the lanthanide. Research has focused on macromolecular conjugation in recent years, including a collaboration with Jean Frechet and dendrimers developed in his laboratory.,^[5][6]

Lanthanide Luminescence

Other lanthanide coordination compounds have been developed to serve as luminescent reporters in time-resolved bioassays. As experts in ligand design, the Raymond group has been able to develop ligands that optimize the luminescence of several lanthanides (particularly terbium and europium), leading to an array of brilliantly emissive complexes. Due to their remarkable properties, these compounds have been commercialized by Lumiphore.

Supramolecular Assemblies

Naphthalene-M₄L₆ cluster.

Based on a predictive strategy, the Raymond group has developed several self-assembled, metal-ligand clusters of high symmetry. Some of these clusters, including the naphthalene-M₄L₆ workhorse cluster (see image), have a cavity within the cluster that can encapsulate a variety of guest molecules. In collaboration with Robert G. Bergman, the unique reaction chemistry of these host-guest assemblies has been explored. Recent work on this project, which led to a paper in Science (journal),^[7] has demonstrated unprecedented host-guest reaction rate accelerations reminiscent of enzyme kinetics.

Notable Students

• Dr. Seth M. Cohen, Professor of Chemistry at University of California, San Diego^[8]
• Dr. Vy M. Dong, Professor of Chemistry at University of Toronto^[9]
• Dr. Dorothea Fiedler, Professor of Chemistry at Princeton University^[10]
• Professor Dr. F. Ekkehardt Hahn, Professor of Chemistry at WWU Münster Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie^[11]
• Dr. Adam R. Johnson, Professor of Chemistry at Harvey Mudd College^[12]
• Dr. Darren W. Johnson, Professor of Chemistry at University of Oregon^[13]
• Dr. Valerie C. Pierre, Professor of Chemistry at University of Minnesota^[14]
• Dr. Vincent L. Pecoraro, Professor of Chemistry at University of Michigan^[15]
• Dr. Michael D. Pluth, Professor of Chemistry at University of Oregon^[16]
• Dr. Eric Werner, Professor of Chemistry at The University of Tampa^[17]
• Dr. Ankona Datta, Professor of Chemistry at Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai.

Honors

• Alfred P. Sloan Research Fellow (1971–1973)
• Miller Research Professor (1977–1978, 1996, 2004)
• Guggenheim Fellow (1980–1981)^[18]
• Selected as one of the "Technology 100, 1981" by Technology Magazine;
• American Association for the Advancement of Science Fellow (1984)
• Department of Energy Ernest O. Lawrence Award (1984)
• Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Technology Transfer award (1988, 1991)
• Humboldt Research Award for Senior U.S. Scientists (1992)
• American Chemical Society Alfred Bader Award in Bioinorganic or Bioorganic Chemistry (1994)
• Erskine Fellow, University of Canterbury, New Zealand (1997)
• Elected to National Academy of Sciences (1997)
• Basolo Medal, Northwestern University (1997)
• Max-Planck-Institut fur Strahlenchemie "Frontiers in Biological Chemistry" Award (1997)
• Elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (2001)
• Reed College Howard Vollum Award (2002)
• ACS Auburn Section G. M. Kosolapoff Award (2004)
• Izatt-Christensen Award in Macrocyclic Chemistry (2005). A competitive award which recognizes excellence in macrocyclic chemistry. The award was founded by Reed McNeil Izatt and James. J. Christensen.
• Joe L. Franklin Memorial Lectureship (2006)
• Paulo Fasella Lectureship (2006)
• UC Berkeley Chancellor's Professor, (2007–Present).
• ACS award in inorganic chemistry, sponsored by Aldrich Chemical Co., Inc. (2008)^[19]

Professional Achievements

• United States Editorial Advisor for Springer-Verlag in Chemistry, 1972-1991
• Member, Editorial Boards: Journal of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry, 1974-1981
• Inorganic Chemistry, 1979-1986, 2002-2004
• Journal of Coordination Chemistry, 1981-current
• Topics in Current Chemistry, 1981-1996
• Accounts of Chemical Research, 1982-1988, 2005-2007
• Inorganica Chimica Acta f-Block Elements, 1984-1988
• Advances in Inorganic Chemistry, 1985-2001
• Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1988-1994
• BioMetals, 1992-current
• Journal of Biological Inorganic Chemistry, 1996-2000, 2005-2007
• Topics in Biological Inorganic Chemistry, 1997-2002
• Journal of Supramolecular Chemistry, 1992-2001
• Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2002- 2003
• Contrast Media & Molecular Imaging, 2006-2009
• Member, boards: "Metallobiochemistry" Study Section of the National Institutes of Health, 1983-1985
• National Science Foundation Advisory Panel in Chemistry 1984-1987
• Board on Chem. Sciences and Technology, National Academy of Sciences, 1998-2003, Co- Chair, 2000–2003
• Center for Green Materials Chemistry, University of Oregon, 2010-current
• Chair, Inorganic Division, American Chemical Society, 1996-1997
• member; “Synthetic and Biological Chemistry A” Study Section of the National Institutes of Health, 2006-2010
• member, Scientific Review Committee, NIH NIAID, 2010
• Cofounder, Lumiphore, Inc., 2001.
• Inorganic Chemistry (journal) "Voice of Inorganic Chemistry" speaker for 50th anniversary of the journal^[20]

References

1. http://www.cchem.berkeley.edu/knrgrp/KNR_CV.pdf
2. Lumiphore
3. Raymond, K. N. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1969, 91, 5667-5668.
4. (2) Raymond, K. N. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 2006, 103, 58499-18503.
5. Raymond, K. N. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 7245-7246.
6. Conjugation Effects of Various Linkers on Gd(III) MRI Contrast Agents with Dendrimers: Optimizing the Hydroxypyridinonate (HOPO) Ligands with Nontoxic, Degradable Esteramide (...
7. Raymond, K. N. Science 2007, 316(5821), 85-88.
8. Seth Cohen
9. The Dong Research Group - About Professor Vy M. Dong
10. Group Members - Fiedler Group
11. Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Prof. Dr. F. Ekkehardt Hahn
12. Adam R. Johnson
13. The University of Oregon Department of Chemistry
14. Untitled Document
15. Pecoraro Group Web Page | Home
16. The University of Oregon Department of Chemistry
17. The University of Tampa - Directory - Eric Werner
18. John Simon Guggenheim Foundation | Kenneth N. Raymond
19. C&EN, 21 January 2008, page 59.
20. An Error Occurred Setting Your User Cookie

External links

• http://www.cchem.berkeley.edu/knrgrp/home.html
• http://chem.berkeley.edu/people/faculty/raymond/raymond.html
• http://lumiphore.com/