Keowee

Keowee

View of Lake Keowee from north of Betty Branch
Shown within USA
Alternate name	38Oc1
Location	Clemson, South Carolina, United States of America
Coordinates	34°51′17″N 82°54′55″W / 34.85472°N 82.91528°WCoordinates: 34°51′17″N 82°54′55″W / 34.85472°N 82.91528°W
Type	Settlement
Site notes
Condition	Submerged

Keowee was a Cherokee town in the north of present-day South Carolina. Located along the Lower Cherokee Traders Path, part of the Upper Road through the Piedmont, it was settled in what is present-day Oconee County, the westernmost county of South Carolina, at the foot of the Blue Ridge Mountains, just north of Clemson. Located on the banks of the Keowee River, Keowee was submerged beneath the waters of Lake Keowee when the river was dammed in a mid-20th century power project.^[1][2]

In the early half of the 18th century, approximately 2100 Cherokee inhabited sixteen towns east of the Blue Ridge Mountains.^[3] The Cherokee people were geographically divided into three regions: the Overhill Towns, the Middle Towns, and the Lower Towns.^[4] For the Cherokee, towns were the most important units of government. There were seven Cherokee villages, of which Keowee was one, and the rulers or chiefs of each had a substantial amount of authority.^[5] Keowee was principal among the Cherokee "Lower Towns". Keowee Town is translated into "place of mulberries."^[4] It was also known as "Old Keowee" to distinguish it from other towns of the same name.

Keowee was the birthplace (around 1770) of the father of John Norton. Norton, who became a chief of the Mohawk, was of half Cherokee and half Scots ancestry. His writings provide a rare American Indian perspective of the early 19th century in the United States. Norton spells the town name as Kuwoki.

When naturalist William Bartram visited the town site in May 1776, he noted no Cherokee lived there.^[6] Before then, the British colonists razed the town in the Anglo-Cherokee War.

Role during French and Indian War

The Cherokee played a significant role in the French and Indian War (1754–1763) (the North American front of the Seven Years' War in Europe between Britain and France), allying with King George II and the British. The alliance came partly as a result of Sir Alexander Cuming, who visited Keowee on March 23, 1730 and soliciting the Cherokee as allies. This alliance resulted in the English building a fort east of Keowee on the Savannah River. During the French and Indian War, Nathaniel Gist urged one hundred Cherokee warriors to attack the Shawnee tribe in the Ohio River region, but only if this fort would be built. The fort, ordered to be built by South Carolina governor Glen, was named Fort Prince George.^[7]

The alliance collapsed due to mutual suspicion. During the Anglo-Cherokee War (1758–1761), the British destroyed Keowee and most of the rest of the lower towns. Keowee was razed during the first British campaign under the command of Archibald Montgomery. A second army under James Grant campaigned through the remaining Lower Towns and into the Middle Towns.^[8]

Current geography

The former site of Keowee Town is now covered by Lake Keowee, formed by the damming of the Keowee River to provide cooling water for Oconee Nuclear Station. Built in 1970, it was part of a multimillion-dollar project to provide energy for upstate South Carolina.^[4] It is the first of three nuclear power plants built by Duke Power.^[9]

References

1. "Anderson-Oconee-Pickens County SC Historical Roadside Markers". Retrieved 2007-07-15.
2. "HISTORICAL MARKER ROAD MAP" (jpg). Retrieved 2007-07-15.
3. Edgar, Walter, South Carolina: A History. University of South Carolina Press, 1998
4. McFall, Pearl. The Keowee River and Cherokee Background. Pickens, S.C. 1966
5. Malone, Henry Thompson. Cherokee of the Old South, Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1956
6. Bartram, William (1980). Travels through North and South Carolina, Georgia, East & West Florida. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press (by arrangement with The Beehive Press). LCCN 73084685. LCC F213 .B282 1792a. p330
7. Woodward, Grace Steele. The Cherokees, University of Oklahoma Press, 1963
8. Drake, Richard B. A History of Appalachia, Lexington: The University Press of Kentucky, 2001, pg. 43