Kerttu Nuorteva
Kerttu Nuorteva (10 November 1912, Astoria, Oregon, United States - 29 August 29 1963, Karaganda, Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic, Soviet Union) was a Soviet intelligence agent. She was the daughter of Santeri Nuorteva, President of the Karelian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. Kerttu Nuorteva was and parachuted into Finland by the Soviet Airborne Troops in 1942. She was arrested and deported back to the Soviet Union at the end of the war.
Family and education
Nuorteva was born in Astoria, Oregon, United States where her father had lived since the 1910s as he was deported from Tampere, Finland. In the Soviet Union, Santeri had a good relationship with Lenin and became the president of Karelian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
Kerttu Nuorteva was raised and went to school in Petrozavodsk and later attended university in Leningrad. She married Finnish-born Jalmari Aho, a member of the Finnish Red Guards. She later married journalist Leo Varshavski.
In 1937, Nuorteva was accused of treason and arrested by the NKVD. She was held for two years and then sentenced to three years at hard labor. During the Continuation War in December 1941, the NKVD suggested that she could join intelligence training and sent her on a mission to Finland. Her brothers Matti and Pentti had been sent on similar missions, and were both arrested in occupied Petrozavodsk and executed by the Finnish forces.
Mission in Finland
Nuorteva parachuted into Vihti on March 30, 1942. Her mission was to acquire information about the German troops in Finland, and political sentiment in Finland.
She was to make contact with the Social Democratic politician Väinö Tanner. For equipment she had a radio transmitter. One of her two contacts was the playwright and politician Hella Wuolijoki whose code name was "the Poet." Her jump was not well targeted and she was dropped 100 km to the west of her final destination. Her parachute became trapped in a spruce tree, and she injured her foot as she disentangled herself. After the jump she only managed to find the radio transmitter, her other equipment were missing.
Nuorteva hid in a barn, and ate chocolate and biscuits. The wrappers of the chocolate with Russian-language text were later found, and also a small tube of lipstick, which was used as evidence that a woman had been there. A Russian-language map of Southern Finland with markings was also found.
A beautiful and well dressed woman got a ride from a young boy to the centre of Vihti. Her presence had already been noted earlier and she was suspected of being a "desant", as Soviet spies and saboteurs parachuted into Finland were called. The jump place was located but the boy who gave Nuorteva a ride lied about her description.
Nuorteva's undercover mission was to work as a trainee cosmetician in a beauty salon in Helsinki. Nuorteva was discovered when her radio transmitter was found in a bag she had left in a local laundry. Nuorteva was arrested on September 7, 1942 as she came back to retrieve her radio.
Sentenced and prison time
Finnish Security Police Valpo and Military headquarters arranged her interrogation but Nuorteva was silent for many months. She only told her story when the chief of the Turku office of Valpo, Paavo Kastari, brought Arvo "Poika" Tuominen, a Finnish communist and an old friend of her father who had begun to help the Finnish police, to the interrogations to talk with her.
Tuominen succeeded in convincing her that Stalinism had betrayed and destroyed communism, and managed to crack her ideology. Nuorteva's worldview broke down and, psychologically broken, she confessed everything. Nuorteva was in medical treatment for two months for mental problems.
Nuorteva's information led to arrest of 11 persons, including Hella Wuolijoki. Heikki Teerikangas, who had helped her to hide, was sentenced to death. Wuolijoki got a life sentence in penitentiary. Other persons got lesser sentences.
Nuorteva was sentenced in field court to death and court martial confirmed it. Relatives of Nuorteva, including her fathers cousin professor Paul Nyberg managed to postpone the carrying out of her death penalty.
In prison, Finnish Security Police arranged author Yrjö Kivimies to talk with Nuorteva. After the talks Kivimies wrote her memoir under the pen name Irja Niemi, which was in 1944 published by Oy Suomen Kirja. The name of the book was Neuvostokasvatti.
In 1944 Nuorteva was second time in medical treatment for mental problems, and during that time made a doll using her own hair. The doll is in Joroinen Defence Museum.
Nuorteva was offered a chance to move to some western country in the autumn of 1944. She decided not to leave and was deported back to Soviet Union in 1944. She lived in Petropavlovsk, currently Kazakhstan, and in 1947 was sentenced to 10 years in the Gulag. After her release in 1954 she studied construction engineering and worked with hydroelectric power stations. Nuorteva died in Karaganda in 1963 suffering from meningitis.[1]
In 2009 Finnish film director Jörn Donner made a film called Kuulustelu about Nuorteva's interrogation.
References
- ↑ Laydinen, Eynar (August 2009). "Хроника преследования (Судьба семьи А. Ф. Нуортева)" (PDF). Учёные записки Петрозаводского Государственного Университета (in Russian) (Petrozavodsk) (8): 25–31. ISSN 1998-5053.
|