Kh-22

Kh-22
(NATO reporting name: AS-4 'Kitchen')

Kh-22 under a Tu-22M2
Type air-to-surface missile
Place of origin Soviet Union
Service history
Used by Russia
Production history
Manufacturer Raduga
Produced 1962
Specifications
Weight 5,820 kg (12,800 lb)
Length 11.65 m (38.2 ft)
Diameter 92 cm (36 in)
Warhead 1,000 kg (2,205 lb) RDX
or 3501000kt nuclear

Engine Liquid-fuel rocket
Wingspan 300 cm (120 in)
Propellant Tonka-250 and IRFNA
Operational
range
600 km (320 nmi) (Kh-22M/MA) [1]
Flight ceiling 10-14km or 27km
Speed Mach 4.6 [2]
Guidance
system
Inertial guidance followed by terminal active radar homing
Launch
platform
Tu-22M, Тu-22К, Тu-95К22

The Raduga Kh-22 (Russian: Х-22; AS-4 'Kitchen') is a large, long-range anti-ship missile developed by the Soviet Union. It was intended for use against US Navy aircraft carriers and carrier battle groups, with either a conventional or nuclear warhead.

Development

After analyzing World War II naval battles and encounters in the late 1940s and early 1950s, Soviet military thinkers assessed that the times of large seaborne battles were over, and that stand-off attacks were the way to neutralize and incapacitate large battle groups without having to field a similar force against them. Substituting cruise missiles for air attacks, VVS and AV-MF commanders set about to convert their heavy bombers to raketonosets, or missile carriers, which could be launched against approaching enemy fleets and task forces from coastal or island airfields. The Kh-22 (Complex 22) weapon was developed by the Raduga design bureau and used to arm the Tupolev Tu-22M.

Design

The Kh-22 uses an Isayev liquid-fuel rocket engine, fueled with TG-02 (Tonka-250) and IRFNA (inhibited red fuming nitric acid), giving it a maximum speed of Mach 4.6 and a range of up to 600 km (320 nmi). It can be launched in either high-altitude or low-altitude mode. In high-altitude mode, it climbs to an altitude of 27,000 m (89,000 ft) and makes a high-speed dive into the target, with a terminal speed of about Mach 4.6. In low-altitude mode, it climbs to 12,000 m (39,000 ft) and makes a shallow dive at about Mach 3.5, making the final approach at an altitude under 500 m (1,600 ft). The missile is guided by a gyro-stabilized autopilot in conjunction with a radio altimeter.

Soviet tests revealed that when a shaped charge warhead weighing 1,000 kg (2,200 lb) was used in the missile, the resulting hole measured 5 m (16 ft) in diameter, and was 12 m (40 ft) deep.[3][4]

Operational history

Kh-22 under a Tu-22M3

The first service-ready missiles were ready in 1962.

The main launch platform is the Tu-22M 'Backfire'.[5][6] Russia has also used it on the Тu-22К 'Blinder-B' and Tu-95К22 'Bear-G'.

Variants

Two initial versions were built, the Kh-22 with a large conventional warhead and the Kh-22N, with a 350-1000-kiloton nuclear warhead.[7] In the mid-1970s this was supplemented by the Kh-22P, an anti-radiation missile for the destruction of radar installations. In the 1970s the Kh-22 was upgraded to Kh-22M and Kh-22MA standard, with new attack profiles, somewhat longer range, and a datalink allowing mid-course updates.

Kh-22 under a Tu-22M3

Operators

Current

 Russia

Former

 Iraq
 Ukraine
 Soviet Union

Notes

  1. ausairpower, Anti Shipping Missile Survey, ausairpower, p. Air-Launched Cruise Missiles
  2. Scribd, Anti Shipping Missile Survey, Scribd, p. 37
  3. Precision Guided Munitions in the Region, Technical Report APA-TR-2007-0109, 2004 - 2012 Carlo Kopp, ausairpower.net
  4. КРЫЛАТАЯ РАКЕТА Х-22Н "Буря", Д-2Н, AS-4 Kitchen, Образцы вооружений Военно - морского флота, vs.milrf.ru
  5. Rosoboronexport Air Force Department and Media & PR Service, AEROSPACE SYSTEMS export catalogue (PDF), Rosoboronexport State Corporation, p. 122
  6. China's Military Faces the Future, James R. Lilley, David L. Shambaugh, illustrated, M.E. Sharpe, 1999, ISBN 0765605066, ISBN 9780765605061
  7. В Полтаве готовятся к утилизации последнего бомбардировщика, 26 Jan 2006, aviaport.ru
  8. http://www.eng.ktrv.ru/news/publ/830.html?PHPSESSID=b55062d53f861256438076e6c6d01f44
  9. В Полтаве готовятся к утилизации последнего бомбардировщика, 26.01.2006, http://www.aviaport.ru

References

External links

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