Khalid Islambouli
| Khalid el Islambouli | |
|---|---|
 Khalid Islambouli, 1982 | |
| Born | 15 January 1955 |
| Died | 15 April 1982 (aged 27) |
| Allegiance |
 Egypt Egyptian Islamic Jihad |
| Service/branch | Egyptian Army |
| Years of service | 1976–1981 |
| Rank |
 First Lieutenant |
| Unit | 17th Artillery Regiment |
Khalid Ahmed Showky Al-Islambouli (Arabic: خالد أحمد شوقى الإسلامبولى, Egyptian Arabic pronunciation: [ˈxæːled ˈæħmæd ˈʃæwʔi (e)lʔeslæmˈbuːli]) (15 January 1955 – 15 April 1982) was an Egyptian army officer who planned and participated in the assassination of Egypt's third president, Anwar Sadat, during the annual 6th October victory parade on 6 October 1981. Islambouli stated that his primary motivation for the assassination was Sadat's signing of the Camp David Accords with the State of Israel. He was tried by a military tribunal, found guilty, and sentenced to death. Following his execution, Islambouli was declared a martyr by many radicals in the Islamic world, and became an inspirational symbol for radical Islamic movements as one of the first 'modern martyrs' for Islam.[1]
Early years and career
Islambouli's father was an Egyptian legal advisor and his mother was of Turkish descent.[2] After graduating from the Egyptian Military Academy, he was commissioned as an officer in the Artillery Forces of the Egyptian Army with the rank of Second Lieutenant. Sometime after this appointment, Islambouli joined the proscribed Egyptian Islamic Jihad movement. Between 1976 and 1980, he served mostly as a staff officer or as fire direction officer for various Artillery batteries, battalions and regiments. In March 1980, he got his first field command, an Artillery platoon gun line in the 116th Field Artillery Brigade based in Cairo. His command included three 'active' field howitzers, a reserve field gun, five to six transport trucks, seven jeeps, signaling equipment, light infantry weapons such as assault rifles, medium machine guns, anti-Tank rockets, light mortars, and sniper rifles for organic defence, and around 45 soldiers/conscripts, with a Second Lieutenant and a Sergeant acting as second-in-command and third-in-command respectively. His role was to take firing missions and orders from the Battery HQ. Apparently, he was scheduled and approved for promotion to Captain by December 1981 and for posting as Staff Officer-III in a Brigade HQ.
Assassination of Sadat
Islambouli and his platoon originally were not supposed to participate in the October parade, but they were chosen by the Military Intelligence, which was infiltrated by Islamist sympathizers under Colonel Abbud al-Zumar, to replace a platoon from the 133rd Artillery Battalion which was excused from participation for apparently failing some routine tests and checks.[3]
Once his platoon containing three heavy trucks towing M-46 field artillery guns began to approach the President's platform, Islambouli, along with Junior Sergeant Abdelhameed Abdul Salaam, 31, Corporal Ata Tayel Hameeda Raheel, 21, and Corporal Hussein Abbas, 21,[4] leapt from their truck and ran towards the stand while lobbing grenades toward where the President was standing with other Egyptian and foreign dignitaries. Islambouli entered the stands and emptied his assault rifle into Sadat's body.
Execution
Islambouli was captured immediately after the assassination. He and twenty-three conspirators, including eight military personnel, were tried. Found guilty, 27-year-old Islambouli and three other conspirators were executed by firing squad on 15 April 1982. The Iranian Government, in response to Sadat's peace treaty with Israel, and his provision of asylum to the deposed Shah of Iran, severed relations with Egypt and named a street in Tehran after Islambouli in 1981 in honor of his actions.[5] Following Islambouli's execution, Iran's Supreme Leader Ruhollah Khomeini declared him a martyr.
In light of extensive public protest, in May 2001 the Tehran City Council renamed the street "intifada avenue" instead of Khalid Islambuli Avenue in an effort to improve these relations.[6][7] On the other hand, there is a symbolic tomb for Islambouli in the Behesht e Zahra cemetery in Tehran.[8]
Relatives
Islambouli's younger brother Showqi Al-Islambouli came close to assassinating the Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak on 22 June 1995 on the way from Addis Ababa International Airport to an African summit in the city. Showqi and his associates opened fire on the armor-plated limousine destroying most of the escort vehicles. However, Mubarak was saved by the skills of his chauffeur, who U-turned the damaged limousine and raced back to the airport where the presidential plane was waiting with running engines.[9][10]
Legacy
Islambouli continues to serve as an inspirational symbol for Islamist movements throughout the world, including terrorist groups. In 1982, Iran issued a stamp in his honor, showing him shouting defiantly from behind bars.[5]
On 31 July 2004 "The al-Islambouli Brigades of al-Qaeda" claimed responsibility for an assassination attempt on Shaukat Aziz, then a candidate for the post of Prime Minister of Pakistan. On 24 August 2004, a Chechen group calling itself "The al Islambouli Brigades" issued a statement claiming responsibility for the bombing of two Russian passenger aircraft.[1][11]
See also
References
- 1 2 The Islambouli Enigma, The Jamestown Foundation
- ↑ Goldschmidt, Arthur (2000). Biographical dictionary of modern Egypt. Lynne Rienner Publishers. p. 90. ISBN 1-55587-229-8.
- ↑ Riedel, Bruce. "The Search for al-Qaeda", 2008
- ↑ al-Zayat, Montasser, "The Road to al-Qaeda", 2002
- 1 2 Kramer, Martin (Summer 2004). "Nation and Assassination in the Middle East". Middle East Quarterly XI (3): 59–63. Retrieved 13 August 2013.
- ↑ Diplomatic Iran renames street at Egypt's request, The Scotsman, 7 January 2004
- ↑ Article on the renaming of Islambouli Street in Tehran, Payvand, quoting IRNA
- ↑ Alfoneh, Ali (Winter 2007). "Iran's Suicide Brigades". Middle East Quarterly XIV (7): 37–44. Retrieved 8 August 2013.
- ↑ "Profile: Omar Suleiman - Opinion". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 13 February 2011. Retrieved 1 July 2013.
- ↑ Mubarak 1995 assassination attempt Debka
- ↑ Statement from the Chechen "Al-Islambouli Brigades", Global Terror Alert