Khanate

For other uses, see Khanate (disambiguation).

Khanate or Khaganate is a political entity ruled by a Khan or Khagan. The word is of Mongol origin. In modern Turkish, the word used is kağanlık or hanlık and in modern Azeri of the republic of Azerbaijan, xanlıq. In Mongolian the word khanlig is used, as in "Khereidiin khanlig" meaning the Khanate of the Keraites. This political entity is typical for people from the Eurasian Steppe and it can be equivalent to tribal chiefdom, principality, kingdom or even empire.

Mongol khanates (or khaganates)

Main articles: List of Mongol states and List of Mongol rulers

After Genghis Khan established appanages for his family in the Mongol Empire during his rule (1206-1227),^[1] his sons, daughters,^[2] and grandsons inherited separate sections of the empire. The Mongol Empire and Mongolian khanates emerging from those appanages^[3] are listed below. Furthermore, the proto-Mongols also established some khanates (or khaganates) such as the Rouran Khaganate.

Khamag Mongol Khanate
Keraite Khanate
Mergid Khanate
Naiman Khanate
Tatar Khanate
Mongol Empire
Northern Yuan dynasty based in Mongolia.
Moghulistan
Kara Del Khanate

The Oirats established the following khanates in the 17th century:

Khoshut Khanate
Kalmyk Khanate, established c.1630 by the Torghut branch of the Mongolian Oirats, settled along the lower Volga River (in modern Russia and Kazakhstan), 1630-1771
Dzungar Khanate, formed in 1634, covering Xinjiang region of China, Kyrgyzstan, eastern Kazakhstan and western Mongolia; 2 December 1717 - 1720 also styled Protector of Tibet; 1755 tributary to the Manchu Qing dynasty, 1756 annexed and dissolved in 1758.

Turkic khanates

Central Asian Turkic khanates

Kazakh khanate
Senior Juz
Middle Juz
Junior Juz
Khanate of Kazan (Mongol term khan became active since Genghizide dynasty was settled in Kazan Duchy in 1430s; imperial Russian added to its titles the former Kazan khanate with the royal style tsar.
Sibirean Khanate (giving its name to Siberia as the first significant conquest during Russia's great eastern expansion across the Ural range)
Astrakhan Khanate
Crimean Khanate
the Qasim Khanate (hence modern Kasimov), named after its founder, a vassal of Moscovia/Russia
the nomadic state founded in 1801 as the Inner Horde (also called Buqei Horde, under Russian suzerainty) between Volga and Yaik (Ural) rivers by 5,000 families of Kazakhs from Younger Kazakh Zhuz tribe under a Sultan was restyled by the same in 1812 as Khanate of the Inner Horde; in 1845 the post of Khan was abolished);
Nogai Khanate
the khanate of Tuva near Outer Mongolia.
Besh Tau El
Khanate of Kashgaria founded in 1514 as part of Djagataide Khanate;

17th century divided into several minor khanates without importance, real power going to the so-called Khwaja, Arabic Islamic religious leaders; title changed to Amir Khan in 1873, annexed by China in 1877.

Kumul Khanate- vassal state to Qing dynasty and Republic of China, abolished in 1930.
Karluk Khanate
White Horde
Oghuz Khanate
West Turkic Khaganate

18th to early 19th century Khanates of the Caucasus in the Qajar Empire

Khanates of the Iranian Azerbaijan

References

↑ Peter Jackson 2000, p.
↑ Jack Weatherford - The Secret History of the Mongol Queens: How the Daughters of Genghis Khan Rescued His Empire, Crown Publishing Group, 2011
↑ Thomas T. Allsen, "Sharing Out the Empire: Apportioned Lands under the Mongols", in Nomads in the Sedentary World, ed. Anatoly M. Khuzanov and André Wink (Richmond, Surrey: Curzon Press, 2001): 172–190

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