Khazir River

A bridge over the Khazir river on the road between Mosul and Arbil in northern Iraq.

The Khazir River is a river of northern Iraq, a tributary of the Great Zab River.

History

At a site called M'lefaat evidence has been found of a small village of hunter-gatherers dating to the 10th millennium BC that was contemporary with the Pre-Pottery Neolithic A in the Levant.[1][2] Latter the river was part of an irrigation area that supported the Assyrian city of Nimrud.[3] Known to the Hellenistic Greeks as the Boumelus River[4] the river was site of a battle between Alexander the Great and Darius of Persia.

In early Islamic times (august 686AD) the river was a site of a battle between the armies of Ibraheem al-Ashtar and Ubaidullah bin Ziyad,[5][6][7] during the revolt of Mukhtar al-Thaqafi.

On 25 January 750 AD, the Battle of the Zab was fought nearby.

In 2014, following bombing by US planes, ISIL forces retreated back to the Khazir River.[8] in which ISIL destroyed bridges built by the Americans 10 years prior.[9]

Geomorphology

The net yearly recharge rate of the valley water table is 111.6 mm/year[10][11][12] and the region is considered to be fertile.[13]

The area around the Khazir River is however, geologically active[14] and crosses three anticlines from the north to the south.[15][16] and this has greatly affected the course of the river.

References

  1. ↑ Kozłowski, Stefan Karol (1998), "M'lefaat. Early Neolithic site in northern Iraq", Cahiers de l'Euphrate 8: 234,
  2. ↑ Solecki, Ralph S. (1997). "Shanidar Cave". In Meyers, Eric M. The Oxford Encyclopedia of Archaeology in the Ancient Near East 5. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 15–16.
  3. ↑ Christopher Davey, The negub Tunnel, Iraq Vol. 47 (1985), pp. 49-55 .
  4. ↑ Curtis book 9.
  5. ↑ al-Syyed, Kamal. "The Battle of al-Khazir". Mukhtar al-Thaqafi. Qum, Iran: Ansariyan Foundation. p. 21.
  6. ↑ .
  7. ↑ Al-Mukhtār ibn Abū ʿUbayd al-Thaqafi, in Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. 2013.
  8. ↑ Raja Abdulrahim, The Daily Herald 5 October 2014 Iraqi Kurdish forces move toward complex battle in Mosul.
  9. ↑ COALITION EFFORTS AID IRAQ'S RECOVERY 3rd May 2003.
  10. ↑ Hussein Jassas and Broder Merkel, Estimating Groundwater Recharge in the Semiarid Al-Khazir Gomal Basin, North Iraq, Water 2014, 6(8), 2467-2481
  11. ↑ Hussein A. Jassas & Broder J. Merkel, Investigating groundwater recharge by means of stable isotopes in the Al-Khazir Gomal Basin, northern Iraq Environmental Earth Sciences June 2015, Volume 73, Issue 12, pp 8533-8546.
  12. ↑ Investigating groundwater recharge by means of stable isotopes in the Al-Khazir Gomal Basin, northern Iraq, Environmental Earth Sciences June 2015, Volume 73, Issue 12, pp 8533-8546.
  13. ↑ [www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB THE DUHOK GOVERNORATE (AKREE REGION) THE KHIRPA ZHURI - KHIRPA ZHERI - PERKHOLY - LAKAN - ESMAWA LOCAL ROAD ].
  14. ↑ Ziyad Elia, The Neotectonic Activity Along the Lower Khazir River by Using SRTM Image and Geomorphic Indices Earth Sciences 2015; 4(1): 50-58 .
  15. ↑ Ziyad Elias The influence of tectonic movements upon changes in river alignment - The example of the Lower Khazir River, International Journal Of Enhanced Research In Science Technology & Engineering, ISSN 2319-7463 Vol. 3 Issue 3, March-2014, Pp: (140-148), Impact Factor: 1.252.
  16. ↑ Ziyad Elias, The Neotectonic Activity Along the Lower Khazir River by Using SRTM Image and Geomorphic Indices, Earth Sciences. Vol. 4, No. 1, 2015, pp. 50-58.

Coordinates: 36°10′13″N 43°32′28″E / 36.1703°N 43.5412°E / 36.1703; 43.5412

This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the Friday, April 22, 2016. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.