Koffiefontein

Koffiefontein
Koffiefontein  Koffiefontein shown within Free State
Coordinates: 29°24′29″S 25°0′8″E / 29.40806°S 25.00222°ECoordinates: 29°24′29″S 25°0′8″E / 29.40806°S 25.00222°E
Country	South Africa
Province	Free State
District	Xhariep
Municipality	Letsemeng
Established	1892[1]
Area[2]
• Total	36.85 km^2 (14.23 sq mi)
Population (2011)[2]
• Total	10,402
• Density	280/km^2 (730/sq mi)
Racial makeup (2011)[2]
• Black African	74.0%
• Coloured	20.4%
• Indian/Asian	0.3%
• White	4.7%
• Other	0.6%
First languages (2011)[2]
• Afrikaans	63.1%
• Sotho	14.2%
• Xhosa	12.1%
• Tswana	7.0%
• Other	3.7%
Postal code (street)	9986
PO box	9986
Area code	053

Koffiefontein is a small farming town in the Free State province of South Africa. The name means coffee fountain in Afrikaans.

History

In the 1800s, Koffiefontein was a stopover spot for transport riders traveling between the coast and the diamond fields and gold mines to the north. "Coffee fountain" is a reference to the strong coffee brew transport riders made by during their stopover. "Coffee fountain" involved transport riders grinding their own coffee beans (often with a spoon) and using the water of a natural spring to boil for the brew. Upon the discovery of diamonds near the natural spring in 1870, a town quickly developed at the Koffiefontein stopover spot, as prospectors began to mine the area in search of high quality diamonds.

Koffiefontein's proximity to Mafikeng and Kimberley meant that it became involved in the Second Anglo-Boer War (1899-1902). Blockhouses, which served as defensive fortresses, were erected by the British in 1900 and are still standing in the twenty-first century.

Second Anglo-Boer war

The Koffiefontein district saw lots of military action during the Second Anglo-Boer War of 1899-1902 because it was close to the two strategic towns of Kimberley and Mafeking. After Boer forces under the command of General Brand and Commandant Hertzog attacked the town and its mine, several blockhouses were erected by the British in October 1900. The blockhouses were involved in actions in the subsequent months and at one point the town was looted by the Boers and the people of the town took refuge in the mine.^[3]

Second world war

During the Second World War a large internment camp was opened in the town, with 2000 Italian prisoners of war, some German prisoners of war, and some 800 South African internees, who were suspected of being pro-Nazi. Among the internees was F.C Erasmus and John Vorster who became prime minister of South Africa in 1966 and was president of SA from 1978 to 1979.^[4] The remains of murals painted by the Italian POWs can still be viewed in the town as can the barracks in which they were held.^[5]

Local industry

Farming in the district focuses on cattle and sheep farming with lucerne, potatoes and ground nuts being the main crops sown. There used to be a cheese factory and vineyards in the town. The Kalkfontein Dam on the Riet river provides water for the towns of Jacobsdal and Koffiefontein.^[6]

Diamonds

The area was a coffee stop for many transport riders in the 19th century until one of the riders discovered a diamond, and a town grew rapidly. The diamonds of Koffiefontein were known to be of the "first water"; meaning of very good clarity.^[7] The diamond mine established by De Beers in 1870 was closed down in 2006.^[8] The mine was then acquired by Petra Diamonds in 2007 and is currently still in operation.^[9] Although the mine and supporting businesses have employed a large number of the local population, the area is still characterised by poverty. Census data indicate that 57% of the Koffiefontein population are below the poverty line.

Places of interest

Apart from diamonds the town is best known as having been the home of Etienne Leroux, a famous Afrikaans novelist whose homestead and grave can be visited. There are also many Bushman (San) paintings in the district.^[10] To commemorate the allusion to the coffee drinking tradition of the transport riders in the name of the town, there is a fountain that resembles a coffee pot pouring out a drink.^[5]

References

1. "Chronological order of town establishment in South Africa based on Floyd (1960:20-26)" (PDF). pp. xlv–lii.
2. "Main Place Koffiefontein". Census 2011.
3. Free State Department of Tourism, 'Free State' (pdf), undated 200-?; Henderson, Zoe. Leaving his mark, an otherwise invisible man, p1
4. Erasmus, On Route in South Africa, p385
5. http://www.routes.co.za
6. Free State Department of Tourism, 'Free State' (pdf), undated 200-?.
7. Koffiefontein mine
8. "De Beers Consolidated Mines to Close Koffiefontein Mine", De Beers press release, 20 January 2006
9. http://www.miningweekly.com/article.php?a_id=112917
10. Erasmus, op cit.