Konstantinos Manetas

Konstantinos Manetas
Manetas as a Major General, ca. 1923
Born	1879[1] Tripoli
Died	1960 Athens
Allegiance	Kingdom of Greece Second Hellenic Republic
Service/branch	Hellenic Army
Years of service	1901–1935
Rank	Lieutenant General
Commands held	Chief of the Hellenic Army General Staff
Wars	Balkan Wars, Macedonian Front, Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War, Greco-Turkish War of 1919–1922
Other work	Minister for Military Affairs Minister for Transport Minister for Justice Minister for Supply and Distribution MP

Konstantinos Manetas (Greek: Κωνσταντίνος Μανέτας, 1879–1960) was a Greek Army officer who rose to the rank of Lieutenant General and served as Chief of the Hellenic Army General Staff in 1931. He also served four times in ministerial positions and was elected to parliament in 1950.

Life

He was born in Tripoli in 1879, the son of the politician Panagiotis Manetas, the elder brother of Lieutenant General Theodoros Manetas and younger brother of the politician Ioannis Manetas.

After finishing school, he enrolled in the Hellenic Army Academy and graduated on 11 July 1901 as an Infantry Second Lieutenant. He was promoted to Lieutenant in 1908 and Captain in 1911. He fought in the Balkan Wars of 1912–1913 as company and battalion commander, and was wounded at the Battle of Kilkis-Lahanas. After the wars he was attached as aide de camp to the chiefs of the French military mission to Greece, generals Joseph-Paul Eydoux and Étienne de Villaret, and was promoted to Major (1914).^[2]

During World War I, he joined the Venizelist Movement of National Defence and fought in the Macedonian Front as commander of the 4th Archipelago Regiment. He was promoted to Lt Colonel on 12 January 1917 and to full Colonel on 13 December 1917. In 1919 Manetas participated in the unsuccessful Allied intervention in the Ukraine as Infantry Commander of the 13th Infantry Division. Following the Allied withdrawal, he led the same division as its commander during the early phases of the Greco-Turkish War of 1919–1922. In 1920, he was promoted to Major General. As a confirmed Venizelist, he was suspended from active duty in November 1920 following the Venizelist electoral defeat.^[2]

Following the ing the disastrous defeat of the Greek army in Anatolia by the Turkish nationalist forces in August 1922 and the subsequent outbreak of a military revolt, he was recalled to active service as commander of the 7th Infantry Division. He held the post until August 1923, when he was appointed CO of the II Army Corps and soon after named Minister for Military Affairs in the Stylianos Gonatas cabinet, a post he held until January 1924.^[2][3] Manetas was then promoted to Lieutenant General and sent to Paris as military attaché, and returned in 1925 to re-assume command of II Corps, until 1926, when he was appointed commander of I Army Corps. He held this post until 1933, with the exception of June–August 1931, when he was appointed Chief of the General Staff.^[2] He served as Transport Minister (and interim Justice Minister for a day) in the interim government of Alexandros Othonaios in March 1933, formed in response of an abortive Venizelist coup.^[4] He then assumed the post of Inspector of the Infantry in the General Staff, until March 1935 when he was involved in another unsuccessful Venizelist coup attempt. Following the coup's suppression, he was dismissed from the Army.^[2]

During the Axis Occupation of Greece in World War II, Manetas was arrested by the Italians and imprisoned in concentration camps in Italy and Germany. He was elected a Member of the Greek Parliament in 1950 for Athens, and served as Minister for Supply and Distribution in the Nikolaos Plastiras cabinet.^[2][5]

Manetas was unmarried, and died in 1960.^[2]

References

1. Note: Greece officially adopted the Gregorian calendar on 16 February 1923 (which became 1 March). All dates prior to that, unless specifically denoted, are Old Style.
2. "Αντιστράτηγος ΜΑΝΕΤΑΣ ΚΩΝΣΤΑΝΤΙΝΟΣ του ΠΑΝΑΓΙΩΤΟΥ, ΑΜ 4908." (PDF). Συνοπτική Ιστορία του Γενικού Επιτελείου Στρατού 1901–2001 [A Concise History of the Hellenic Army General Staff 1901–2001] (in Greek). Athens: Army History Directorate. 2001. p. 153.
3. "Κυβέρνησις ΣΤΥΛΙΑΝΟΥ ΓΟΝΑΤΑ - Από 14.11.1922 έως 11.1.1924" (in Greek). General Secretariat of the Government. Retrieved 5 July 2011.
4. "Κυβέρνησις ΑΛΕΞΑΝΔΡΟΥ ΟΘΩΝΑΙΟΥ - Από 6.3.1933 έως 10.3.1933" (in Greek). General Secretariat of the Government. Retrieved 5 July 2011.
5. "Κυβέρνησις ΝΙΚΟΛΑΟΥ ΠΛΑΣΤΗΡΑ - Από 15.4.1950 έως 21.8.1950" (in Greek). General Secretariat of the Government. Retrieved 5 July 2011.