Korabl-Sputnik 5
| Mission type |
Biological Technology |
|---|---|
| Harvard designation | 1961 Iota 1 |
| SATCAT № | 95 |
| Mission duration | 1 hour, 46 minutes |
| Spacecraft properties | |
| Spacecraft type | Vostok-3KA |
| Manufacturer | OKB-1 |
| Launch mass | 46,953 kilograms (103,514 lb) |
| Start of mission | |
| Launch date | 25 March 1961, 05:54:00 UTC |
| Rocket | Vostok-K 8K72K s/n E103-15 |
| Launch site | Baikonur 1/5 |
| End of mission | |
| Landing date | 25 March 1961, 07:40 UTC |
| Orbital parameters | |
| Reference system | Geocentric |
| Regime | Low Earth |
| Perigee | 164 kilometres (102 mi)[1] |
| Apogee | 230 kilometres (140 mi)[1] |
| Inclination | 64.9 degrees[1] |
| Period | 88.42 minutes |
Korabl-Sputnik 5[2] (Russian: Корабль-Спутник 5 meaning Ship-Satellite 5) or Vostok-3KA No.2, also known as Sputnik 10 in the West,[3] was a Soviet spacecraft which was launched in 1961, as part of the Vostok programme. It was the last test flight of the Vostok spacecraft design prior the first manned flight, Vostok 1. It carried the mannequin Ivan Ivanovich, a dog named Zvezdochka ("Starlet",[4] or "Little star"[1]), television cameras and scientific apparatus.
Background
A spacecraft of the design Vostok 3KA had only been launched once before, which was on March 9, 1961. This mission was called Korabl-Sputnik 4, and it was a complete success.[5] Prior to Korabl-Sputnik 4, the two previous missions in the Vostok programme were both launched in December 1960, and both ended in failure.[6]
Only days before the launch of Korabl-Sputnik 5, the cosmonaut team, which consisted of 20 men, experienced its first fatality. Cosmonaut candidate Valentin Bondarenko was killed in a fire during a training exercise in an oxygen-rich isolation chamber.[5] It's not clear whether other cosmonauts were told of his death; the media didn't learn of Bondarenko's death - or even of his existence - until many years later, in 1986.[7]
Mission
Korabl-Sputnik 5 was launched at 05:54:00 UTC on 25 March 1961, atop a Vostok-K carrier rocket flying from Site 1/5 at the Baikonur Cosmodrome.[2] It was successfully placed into low Earth orbit. As planned, the spacecraft completed a single orbit, and then reentered the atmosphere over the Soviet Union; the total flight time was approximately that of other single-orbit missions, so about 105 minutes.[5] During the descent, the mannequin was ejected from the spacecraft in a successful test of its ejection seat, and descended separately under its own parachute, as it had done on the previous mission, Korabl-Sputnik 4.[5] It landed at approximately 07:40 UTC, northeast of Izhevsk, near the Bolshesosnovsky District.[8]
Capsule recovery
The landing occurred during a snowstorm, which caused delays in located exactly where touchdown occurred.[5] It was about 24 hours after landed when a recovery team arrived at the site.[5] Local villagers assisted the team to the landing area, with the help of a horse-drawn sled.[8] The recovery team noted that the spacecraft was still hot to touch, 24 hours after landing in five feet of snow.[8] The nearby villages were suspicious of the recovery teams, believing that the mannequin was in fact a person who may have been badly injured.[5]
Legacy
The success of Korabl-Sputnik 5 was the final step required to get approval for a manned mission.
Vostok 3KA-2 was the key in the door for Gagarin's flight— James Oberg, spaceflight researcher, [9]
That manned mission, known as Vostok 1, would occur about on April 12, 1961, carrying the world's first space traveller Yuri Gagarin. The spacecraft Gagarin used was a nearly identical model, called Vostok 3KA-3. A major difference between the 3KA-2 and 3KA-3 spacecraft was that 3KA-2 version, like all unmanned Vostok spacecraft, was equipped with a self-destruct system, in the event it reentered the atmosphere over foreign territory.[10]
2011 Auction
The re-entry module of the spacecraft Vostok 3KA-2 was auctioned at Sotheby's on 12 April 2011, the 50th anniversary of Gagarin's spaceflight, Vostok 1.[11] The spacecraft was expected to sell for $2–10 million USD.,[11] and was sold for $2,882,500 USD.
Notes
- 1 2 3 4 "Sputnik 10 - NSSDC ID: 1961-009A". NASA.
- 1 2 McDowell, Jonathan. "Launch Log". Jonathan's Space Page. Retrieved 28 July 2010.
- ↑ Wade, Mark. "Vostok". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Retrieved 28 July 2010.
- ↑ Siddiqi, p267
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Siddiqi, p.266
- ↑ Siddiqi, p.259-260, for detailed accounts of these failed missions.
- ↑ Burgess and Hall, p.130
- 1 2 3 Burgess and Hall, p.137
- ↑ Quoted in Burgess and Hall, p.138
- ↑ Siddiqi, p.268
- 1 2 Alissa de Carbonnel (February 25, 2011). "Sotheby's to auction 1961 Sovert space capsule". Reuters.
References
- Asif. A. Siddiqi (2000). Challenge to Apollo: The Soviet Union and the Space Race, 1945-1974. NASA. SP-2000-4408. Part 1 (page 1-500), Part 2 (page 501-1011).
- Colin Burgess, Rex Hall (June 2, 2010). The first Soviet cosmonaut team: their lives, legacy, and historical impact. Praxis. p. 356. ISBN 0-387-84823-1.
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