Korail Class 311000
| Korail Class 311000 | |
|---|---|
 Class 311000 (1st generation) trainset 311-27 (ex-Class 5000 trainset 5-28) at Singil Station | |
| In service | 1996-present |
| Manufacturer | Hyundai Rotem (then Daewoo Heavy Industries, Hyundai Precision & Industries, Rotem) |
| Constructed |
1996–1998, 2002–2006, 2010 (311-90~311-91 as 361-14~361-15 2012–2014 2016 |
| Refurbishment | 2003–2008 |
| Formation |
10 cars per trainset TC-M-M'-T-M-T'-T-M-M'-TC |
| Operator(s) | Korail |
| Depot(s) | Guro, Byeongjeom, Imun, Siheung |
| Line(s) served | Seoul Subway Line 1 |
| Specifications | |
| Car body construction | Steel |
| Doors | 4 per side, 8 per car |
| Maximum speed | 110 km/h (68 mph) |
| Power output | 4,400 kW (5,900 hp) |
| Acceleration | 3.0 km/h/s |
| Deceleration |
3.5 km/h/s (service) 4.5 km/h/s (emergency) |
| Electric system(s) |
25kV 60Hz AC 1.5kV DC (class 5000 only) |
| Current collection method | Overhead |
| Safety system(s) | ATS |
| Coupling system | Shibata-type |
| Track gauge | 1,435 mm (4 ft 8 1⁄2 in) |
The Korail Class 311000 trains, formerly numbered as Korail Class 5000 trains, are commuter electric multiple units in South Korea used on Seoul Subway Line 1. Class 311000 trains were manufactured and delivered between 1996 and 2006, and again from 2012 to 2014 to expand service on the Gyeongbu Line and the Gyeongwon Line, and to replace older trains (1st and 2nd batch Class 1000 trains). The Class 311000 trains are based on the Class 2030 (now the Class 341000 and Class 351000) trains, which entered service four years prior.
Technical details
Electrical parts
Trainsets 311-01~311-12, 311-14, 311-15, 311-17~311-34, 311-36~311-47, 311-49~311-59 use Toshiba GTO-based VVVF controls with active cooling, while trainsets 311-13, 311-16, 311-35 and 311-48, 311-60, and beyond use IGBT controls with passive cooling through a heat pipe.
Power output was increased from the Class 1000 trains. There is also a reduction in the motor/trailer ratio. The trains are also equipped with regenerative braking, reducing energy consumption and simplifying train inspection.
Interior design
Class 311000 trains used an ivory-colored interior with a long sheet prior to their refurbishment, but after refurbishment the interior was recolored to white. LED display monitors are installed on the top of each car. The Class 311000 trains feature a more powerful air conditioning system. The end cars have a space for wheelchairs.
Cabin
Class 311000 trains share the same cabin design with the Class 341000 and 351000 trains, excluding the inclusion of ATC devices. Stop notifiers are installed. Trains equipped with TGIS use color displays, and service machines can be automatically controlled in TGIS after a refurbishment of these trains in 2005. Dead section notifiers are also installed.
Fleet
- M' car: Pantograph, main transformer, controller, motor
- M car: Motor, cotroller
- Tc car: Secondary power device, air compressor, battery, cabin
- T' car: Tc car without cabin
- T car: trailer
Seoul Subway Line 1
3110XX - Tc(SIV, air compressor, battery) 3111XX - M(inverter) 3112XX - M'(pantograph, transformer, inverter) 3113XX - T(trailer) 3114XX - M'(pantograph, transformer, inverter) 3115XX - T1(SIV, air compressor, battery) 3116XX - T(trailer) 3117XX - M(inverter) 3118XX - M'(pantograph, transformer, inverter) 3119XX - Tc(SIV, air compressor, battery)
Depot
The Class 311000 trains are stored at the Guro, Byeongjeom and Imun train depots. Minor inspections are done at their home depots, while major inspections are conducted at the Siheung depot, which is located after Oido Station on Line 4.
- Guro, 10 car trainsets: 311-25~311-41, 311-48~311-53, 311-66~311-76, 311-83~311-96
- Byeongjeom, 10 car trainsets: 311-42~311-47, 311-54~311-65, 311-77~311-80
- Imun, 10 car trainsets: 311-01~311-24, 311-81~311-82
Generations
1st generation
The first generation of Class 311000 trains are nearly identical to the first generation Class 341000 and 351000 cars, on which they were based, and were built from 1996 to 1999. The trains used the old Korail livery when delivered, but after a 2005 refurbishment, the trains started using the new livery.
The current trains are numbered 311-01~311-41, but there were more trainsets prior to 2008 and all were numbered 5-01~5-42 when delivered. Trainset 5-19 was involved in an accident that led to the scrapping of cars 5719 and 5119 in the trainset and the conversion of the remaining cars into Class 319000 trainsets 319-06~319-07. Meanwhile, trainsets 5-01~5~18 were renumbered to 311-01~311-18, and trainsets 5-20~5-42 into 311-19~311-41, since they were not converted.
Trainsets 311-01~311-27 were built by Hyundai Precision & Industries from 1996 to 1997 and use Toshiba VVVF inverter traction systems, and were built mainly to expand service. Trainsets 311-28~311-41 were built by Daewoo Heavy Industries from 1998 to 1999, and were built mainly to replace the 1st batch Class 1000 trains, which were starting to approach the end of their 25-year lifespans. Trainsets 311-28~311-41 include cars with wheelchair space. Trainset 311-37 has Comonet's train broadcasting system, and the trainsets 311-39 (one car only), 311-40, and 311-41 use converted 2nd batch Class 1000 trailer cars.
Korean railfans giving the trains the nickname : "납작이" (roughly translated as : "Flat face")
2nd generation
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The second generation of Class 311000 trains are very identical to the second generation Class 341000 cars and in turn would become the design of the second generation Class 351000 cars. The front has changed in this generation, as well as the side windows, which is coated and all in a single piece. The new circular front view gave this generation of trains the nickname: "동글이"(roughly translated as "Rounded face"). Some trains in this generation used old KNR livery, but after a 2005 refurbishment, the trains would sport the new Korail livery. The second generation trains are numbered 311-42~311-65.
Trainsets 311-42~311-47 were introduced following the Line 1 Gyeongbu Branch's extension from Suwon to Byeongjeom Station, and retired more 1st batch Class 1000 trains.
Trainsets 311-64 & 311-65 were introduced following the Line 1 Gyeongbu Branch's extension from Byeongjeom to Cheonan Station. retrofitted from active cooling GTO thyristor systems with passive cooling IGBT systems. They use somewhat smaller bogies, and are the first to use fire-resistant interiors, LED destination signs, and LED train number indicators since delivery.
3rd generation
The third-generation Class 311000 trains were built from 2005 to 2006 and 2012 up to the present. The front has been updated once again, and features snake-like headlights, giving the trains the nickname "뱀눈이" (roughly translated as "snake eyes"). The interior was also upgraded and the door motors were changed to electric-based ones. The third generation trains are numbered from 311-66~311-94, but more trains will be built in the future.
Older style
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The first design of the 3rd generation Class 311000 trains were built and delivered from 2005 to 2006 mainly to address new extensions that opened at the time, especially on the 4-track Gyeongin Line, the Gyeongwon Line, and the new double-tracked and electrified Jungang Line, but also to replace the mothballed Class 1000 refurbished trainsets, which were not rebuilt to conform to fire safety standards.
The current trains are numbered 311-66~311-82, but there were more trainsets prior to 2008 and all were numbered 5-67~5-92 when delivered. Trainsets 5-79~5-80, and 5-86~5-92 were converted into Class 319000 trainsets 319-01~319-05 and Class 321000 trainsets 321-01~321-07 and parts of 321-15~321-18. Meanwhile, trainsets 5-67~5~78 were renumbered to 311-66~311-77, and trainsets 5-81~5-85 into 311-78~311-82, since they were not converted.
Trainsets 311-66~311-77 were originally to be built in the Uiwang factory, but the factory was later closed due to financial problems with Hyundai Rotem. Trainsets 311-78~311-82 feature a slightly different interior and ventilation system, and are capable of one-person operation. Car 311580 in trainset 311-80 was converted into the "365" business transactions car from 2010 until the end of 2013.
Newer style
The second design of the third-generation Class 311000 trains were built and have been being delivered from 2012 up to the present, mainly to replace older 2nd batch Class 1000 trainsets, which are reaching the end of their 25-year lifespans. The front has somewhat changed, and several improvements were made to the interior, including new overhead LCD destination displays and clearer speakers.
The trains are numbered 311-83~311-95 (with more trains to be built), and are the first trains to be delivered under the 311000-series numbering. Trainsets 311-83~311-87 used converted Class 321000 cars when delivered in August 2012, but due to complaints from Jungang Line passengers about shortened trains on the line, the trainsets were taken out of service in late 2013, reconfigured with newly made cars in 2014, and redeployed in August 2014. Trainsets 311-92~311-94 use LED headlights, and are the first trains to be delivered new with LED headlights. Trainsets 311-90~311-91 were originally 8-car Class 361000 trainsets 361-14~361-15, and were last used on the Jungang Line to make up for the shortened trains on the line. Following the lengthening of the Jungang Line's trains back to eight cars, the two trains were taken out of service, lengthened to 10 cars with two newly built cars, and redeployed on Line 1 in December 2014.[1]
Trainsets 311-95 and beyond use single-arm pantographs, similar to those used on ITX-Saemaul trains and KTX trains. They also feature CCTV cameras and a third headlight in the same compartment as the destination sign and the run number indicator.
Refurbishment
Class 311000 trains started refurbishment in 2008 (though minor refurbishments were started in 2002). Major and minor refurbishments are listed below.
New livery
All 1st generation trains and some 2nd generation trains used an old KNR green livery. These trains were repainted into the current blue and red livery in 2006. The new livery has a metaphor of Taegeuk, but was criticized as being too primitive-looking. Livery is applied only on front and on the doors.
Electric parts
- 2002: Stop indicator was installed. After 2005 interior refurbishment, TGIS was improved to integrate stop indicator.
- 2003: Comonet broadcasting system was introduced in trainset 311-37. It has since been removed.
- 2004: SIV traction systems were replaced with IGBT traction systems built by Woojin Industrial Systems.
- 2007: The inverter of car 311880 (at the time numbered 5783) was changed temporarily.
- Part of trainset 311-63 (311163, 311263 & 311563) used IGBT inverters, and other cars in these trainsets used GTO inverters. Later on, the GTO inverter cars had their inverters switched into IGBT inverters.
- 2012: Trainset 311-35 was retrofitted with IGBT inverters, trainsets 311-47, 311-53~311-54 had their air-powered door motors replaced with electric-powered door motors, and trainset 311-75 was retrofitted with LED headlights to test out LED headlights as an option for all existing and future Korail metro railcars.
- 2015: Trainsets 311-13, 311-16, and 311-48 were retrofitted with IGBT inverters, and trainsets 311-55~311~57 had their air-powered door motors replaced with electric-powered door motors. Many 1st generation and 3rd generation trains were retrofitted with LED headlights.
Non-flammable interiors
After the 2003 Daegu subway fire, trains introduced after 2003 used non-flammable interiors. Previously introduced batches received interior refurbishments until 2005. During refurbishment, the front and side destination roll-signs were removed and replaced with LED destination signs.
Gangway refurbishment
From August 2008 some trainsets received gangway refurbishments (similar refurbishments were also done in Class 341000 and 351000 trains). This refurbishment included the installation of automatic doors to replace the older doors that were manually pulled open. After refurbishment, gangway doors could be automatically opened by the push of a button. The installation of automatic gangway doors was completed by 2013.
Renumbering
Starting from March 2011, Class 311000 trains were renumbered from the 5000-series to the 311000-series. Renumbering was finished in September 2011.
Accidents
- On May 12, 2007, a Class 4400 locomotive bound for Incheon crashed into trainset 5-19 at Yeongdeungpo Station. As a result, the two cars nearest to the locomotive (5119 and 5719) were seriously damaged and subsequently scrapped, while the remaining cars were refurbished into Class 319000 trainsets 319-06 and 319-07 (two trainsets of four cars). All trainsets after trainset 5-19 (from 5-20 to 5-78) were lowered down one number. (to 311-19 to 311-77)
- On May 1, 2010, trainset 311-74 (which was known as Class 5000 trainset 5-75 at the time of the accident) was involved in an accident with Class 1000 trainset 1-58 at the Guro Car Depot. As a result, car 1158 suffered major damage and was scrapped, while 5075 suffered minor damage at the front, so the whole trainset was taken to be renumbered into Class 311 trainset 311-74 with car 5075 being repaired.
Conversions and derived units
Many Class 5000 trains were not renumbered into the 311000-series and were instead converted into new class trainsets. Conversions include:
- Trainset 5-19 (eight cars) into Class 319000 trainsets 319-06~319-07 after being involved in an accident.
- Trainsets 5-79~5-80 (10 cars) into Class 319000 trainsets 319-01~319-05. The gangways and interiors were refurbished while the cars from these trainsets were converted.
- Trainsets 5-86~5-92 (70 cars) into Class 321000 trainsets 321-01~321-07 and 321-15~321-18 (along with some Class 6000 trainsets).
Other Korail metro rolling stock trains were created from the same model as the Class 311000 trains, including
- Newly built Class 321000 trainsets 321-19~321-21, which use an updated older 3rd generation design (and influenced the newer 3rd generation Class 311000 design)
See also
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Korail Class 311000. |
References
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