Kotelva
| Kotelva Котельва | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Urban type settlement | |||
| |||
  Kotelva | |||
| Coordinates: UA 50°3′51.68″N 34°44′58.16″E / 50.0643556°N 34.7494889°E | |||
| Country |
 Ukraine | ||
| Oblast |
 Poltava Oblast | ||
| Raion | Kotelva Raion | ||
| Founded | 1582 | ||
| Government | |||
| • Head of city council | Ivan M. Harkvenko | ||
| Area | |||
| • Total | 26.87 km2 (10.37 sq mi) | ||
| Elevation | 102 m (335 ft) | ||
| Population (2015) | |||
| • Total | 12,388 | ||
| Time zone | EET (UTC+2) | ||
| • Summer (DST) | EEST (UTC+3) | ||
| Postal code | 38600[1] | ||
| Area code(s) | 5350 | ||
Kotelva (Ukrainian: Котельва) is an Urban-type settlement in Kotelva Raion in Poltava Oblast and the administrative centre of Kotelva Raion. Its population was 12,388 (2015 est.)[2]
Location
Kotelva is in the northeastern area of forest on the left tributary of the Vorskla River, the Kotelva River. Kotelva is 66 km from Poltava on N12 and 35 km from the nearest train station.
History
On the outskirts of Kotelva were found two settlements of the Bandaryhynska culture dating back to the 12th and 10th centuries BC.
Kotelva was one of the earliest settlements of the Left-bank Hetmanate. The settlement emerged in the mid-16th century and in 1709 was temporarily included in Slobodian. The emergence of a new settlement on the left bank laid its development in both the political and religious areas.
Kotelva was first mentioned in writing in 1582 wen Hetman Skalozub told it about the attack of the Crimean state units. In 1638, inhabitants of the town first attacked against the Polish authorities in the army of Hetman Pivtorakozhuka. For ten years, during the Khmelnytsky Uprising, Kotelva inhabitants participated in battles under the leadership of Bohdan Khmelnytsky. In the second half of the 17th century and in the first half of the 18th century Kotelva was a fortress protecting against attacks of Crimean and Nogai troops. In January 1709, Charles XII of Sweden sparted the city. Later deceit town came under the direct jurisdiction of Grand Duchy of Moscow and entered into the Akhtyrsky regiment of Sloboda Ukraine. The church remained subordinate to the Kyiv Metropolis.
Subsequently, Kotelva rebuilt the castle in 1718. In 1722, the Akhtyrsky Regiment was excluded from Kiev province and went into the Military College. In the 1732 census, Kotelva had a population of 3,877.
In 1743, another census was held. Kotelva now had 8,433 inhabitants.The town was given a coat of arms.
Starting from the 2nd half of the XVIII century became the center of chumachestvo Kotelva in Slobozhanschyna - many former Cossacks became Chumak, landowners, acquired mills, distilleries do. The town has now become a center of the same Commissariat. In connection with the reorganization of the regiments in the regular Slobodskiy (1765), Akhtyrsky first for a while became Ulan, and then Hussars. In it, among other things, the service and serving Kotelevtsev.
In the description sent Kotelevsky commissar board in Akhtyrsky provincial office of over 1768 indicates that Kotelva 9 wooden churches, houses: commissar - 1, priests' with the clergy - 29, commoners - 70 Hussar - 15, the townsfolk - 1039, in the town there 33 streets and alleys. Cossack, received a knighthood, actively bought up land, mills, distilleries, tougher exploited hired labor.
In 1769, in Kotelva from custody escaped the leader of the liberation uprising "Koliivschina" Maxim Zaliznyak, which condemned to eternal servitude and taken to jail Nerchinsk (Transbaikalia). On this occasion, in 1977, a monument.
In the period from 1780 until 1796 he was part of the Kotelva Krasnokutsk County Kharkov governorship.
Starting from 1797 Kotelva was Akhtyrsky Sloboda Sloboda-Ukrainian County, and since 1835 - Kharkiv province.
In 1812, in the village opened a rural school was consecrated stone Trinity Church.
As of 1838, there were in Kotelva 1750 yards, up to 10 thousand inhabitants, 5 churches: Sumy, Ascension, Intercession, Trinity, All Saints (including one stone - Trinity). Every year in the village were four fairs.
Land reform, which began in 1864, has brought positive changes in the lives Kotelva - zemstvo (local government), which formed soon began to engage in the development of primary education, health, roads and so on. D ..
With the emergence of local capitalism evolving industry and trade, at the same time animated by the social, educational and cultural spheres. So, as of 1886/87, the operate three schools - two-year exemplary and popular class school, rural school for girls. In 1880 Kotelva has operated a hospital. Cultural and social life of the country was determined, among others, people from Kotelva - poet, playwright and translator, MI Gnedich, doctor P. Gnedich, art historian and cultural activist AN Matushinsky, the holder of the private pension (as a gymnasium) and . A. Slivitsky, writer GS Pehotinsky; the end of the XIX century a prominent figure in society became kotelevets historian and journalist Dmitry P. Miller.
Although the overall level of population growth, well-being and education, Kotelva the beginning of the twentieth century, industry and technological progress have been relatively weak. Therefore, the first 15 years of the new (twentieth) century, marked by a special enthusiasm for economic, social and cultural development Kotelva. This was facilitated by a number of newly established organizations and businesses - Kotelevsky rural society (1907), Kotelevsky consumer society, Kotelevsky second credit society, the telephone network Ahtyrka-Kotelva-Krasnopole (1913). These successes have influenced the development of medicine and education - at the beginning of 1908 in the village opened a second housing district hospital, and in 1912 opened a technical school.
The First World War slowed down the development of the Russian Empire, including Kotelva. [Ed.] Kotelva in the liberation struggle
The abdication of Czar Nicholas to the throne, and the transfer of power into the hands of the Provisional Government in Kotelva embraced relatively quiet. Soon the population was rozgolote disturbances and indecisive actions of the central government, and the almost simultaneous appearance in Kotelva agitators of the Central Council and the Bolsheviks.
Already in January 1918, veterans SA Kovpaka GK Boroday, TS Basement rally the recent revolutionary-minded soldiers and laborers, and began to have an armed attack on Kotelevskaya rural municipality government, seized mail and first proclaimed Soviet power.Radical actions of the Revolutionary Committee created by the Bolsheviks caused the rejection of the new government on the part of the population and even its outflow from Kotelva. Outraged Kotelevtsev tried to resist, and he was harshly suppressed. When it came to Kotelva Austro-German troops and Haidamaks the Ukrainian government of Hetman Skoropadsky, Red Guard detachment retreated to Akhtyrka.
The new government, despite some progress in addressing national and social issues, relied on landlords that undermined its credibility.In addition, her work again let partisan detachment. So when in January 1919 the Austro-German troops retreated from Kotelva Bolsheviks fairly quickly regained power. However, in July, they did not survive the onslaught of the troops of Denikin and again left Kotelva. They were captured and shot by the chairman of the Revolutionary Committee of AV Radchenko and his deputy GS Kaszuba. In fact, it was the last raid on Kotelva Whites, and civil war in these places is almost complete. The Bolsheviks came to power again, began a massive nationalization of land and requisitioning.
From March 1923 Kotelva became a district center, which belongs to the first Akhtyrskaya and then Bogodukhovskaya county Kharkov province. Exactly one year later the area was again included in the Akhtyrsky District.
In April 1925, in connection with the transition to three-tier management system, passed Kotelevsky area in the Poltava region. In July 1930 Kotelevsky district was disbanded and transferred Kotelva Oposhnyanskomu area. February 9, 1932 the Central Executive Committee adopted a decree "On the formation of regions in the territory of the Russian Federation", according to which Kotelva joined the Kharkiv region.
The Soviet government took tough for collectivization and the crackdown on dissent. Since the autumn of 1932 to July 1933 Kotelva as the rest of the Soviet Ukraine, suffered a terrible famine. Against the background of this tragedy, the foundations of socialism - was set up machine-tractor station (MTS), conducted advocacy, literacy and religion.
In August 1939, it was created Kotelevsky area centered at Kotelva - then there lived 14 833 inhabitants (on 5460 less than in 1926). An active area of restructuring - has earned a branch of the State Bank, the first leaders of the manufacture began radio service of the village.
During the Great Patriotic War during World War II Kotelva it was occupied by German forces on October 9, 1941 to September 9, 1943 (the village was freed three times).
After the liberation of the leadership and residents of the village and the district took up the recovery that was slow - it did not contribute to the harsh post-war order in the Soviet countryside, binding the peasants to the collective farms, because of the weather conditions in 1946 increased responsibilities and plans, including in Kotelva, there was a shortage of food and even starvation.
At the beginning of 1950 solved the housing problem, build the life of industrial enterprises since 1954 in the area were Kotelva exploration to identify oil and natural gas.
In the early 1960s in connection with the enlargement of rural district Kotelevsky it was liquidated and its territory was ceded to Dikansky and Rostov regions, resulting in a rapid decline of the village. Only the group a letter to the First Secretary of the CPSU Khrushchev with the arguments of expediency recovery area, helped it to achieve - January 4, 1965 was re-established Kotelevsky district, became the starting point for the revival of the regional center (in 1968 started the gasification of municipal buildings in 1969 handed commissioned paved road between Kotelva and Parkhomovka). An even greater impetus Kotelva gave her the assignment in 1971 the status of the village.
In 1970-80-ies continued restructuring Kotelva - construction of a high-pressure gas line Fishing-Kotelva (1972), carried out the electrification and capital construction of residential, social and industrial facilities. In 1975, the decrease in the number of collective farms in Kotelva, and in 1987 was created Kotelevsky inter-farm association of agro technical service and manufacturing enterprises "Selkhozkhimiya."
With the independence of Ukraine on 24 August 1991 further referendum December 1, 1991 Kotelevtsev uniquely made for the independence of their state.
Despite the difficult economic 1990 in Kotelva a whole managed to maintain social infrastructure, partially industrial potential. As in most parts of the Poltava region, and the region's economy Kotelva have now (2000s) agrarian-oriented.
References
- ↑ "Ukrainian Zip Codes". angelfire.com. Retrieved 2015-09-25.
- ↑ "Чисельність наявного населення України (Actual population of Ukraine)" (PDF) (in Ukrainian). State Statistics Service of Ukraine. Retrieved 1 March 2016.
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