Kronen Zeitung

Kronen Zeitung
Type Daily newspaper
Format Tabloid
Owner(s) Hans Dichand†,
WAZ-Mediengruppe
Publisher Krone Multimedia GmbH & Co KG
Editor Christof Dichand
Founded 2 January 1900 (1900-01-02)
Political alignment Right-wing
Headquarters Vienna
Circulation 828,000 (2013)
Website www.krone.at

The Kronen Zeitung, commonly known as the Krone, is Austria's largest newspaper. Its political positioning is socially right wing and economically left wing. The Kronen Zeitung has often been accused of abusing its near monopoly to manipulate public opinion in Austria. Its many critics blame its populist style and emphasis on the topic of immigration for allegedly spreading "fear" and "hatred" among its readers. The paper is also known for being very Eurosceptic.

History

The first issue of the Kronen Zeitung appeared on 2 January 1900.[1] Gustav Davis, a former army officer, was the founder. The name was not an homage to the monarchy (Krone means crown), but refers to the monthly purchase price of one crown. This affordable price was possible because bureaucratic duties on newspapers (Zeitungsstempelgebühr) were abolished on 31 December 1899.

The newspaper struggled in its first three years until the 10 June 1903 regicide of King Aleksandar Obrenović in the neighbouring Kingdom of Serbia, which the paper reported on extensively and consequently achieved enormous popularity. The paper also became well known for its featured novels and other innovations, such as games for readers. By 1906 the newspaper had sold 100,000 copies. Franz Lehár composed a waltz for the newspaper for their 10,000th issue. After the Anschluß of Austria by Nazi Germany in 1938, all media had to undergo the Gleichschaltung, which meant losing all editorial independence. The war took a further toll and on 31 August 1944 the paper had to shut down.

Rebirth of the Krone

In 1959, the journalist and previous editor-in-chief of the Kurier newspaper Hans Dichand bought the rights to the Krone name. He refounded the newspaper as the Neue Kronen Zeitung. This remains the official name, but the newspaper refers to itself as the Kronen Zeitung. First released on 11 April 1959, it soon became Austria's most influential tabloid newspaper, but also the most controversial. At the beginning of the 1960s the journalist Fritz Molden wanted to buy the paper, but, according to Dichand, the Creditanstalt bank would not give him the necessary credit.

The circumstances concerning the purchase of the Kronen by Dichand are shrouded in mystery. The highly influential Social Democratic Party of Austria (SPÖ) politician Franz Olah, then vice-president of the Austrian Trade Union Federation (ÖGB), brought Dichand into contact with the German businessman Ferdinand Karpik, who wanted to buy a share of 50%. Marketing strategist Kurt Falk became Dichand's right-hand man, and the Krone developed into one of the most widely read Austrian newspapers.

In the middle of the 1960s, the ÖGB suddenly raised ownership claims on the Krone. They claimed that the former vice-president Franz Olah misused the trade union's funds for the purchase of the newspaper, using the German investor as a stooge. The newspaper responded with a smear campaign against the SPÖ, which was considered the first successful campaign by the newspaper. A court case followed between the newspaper and the trade union federation which lasted many years. The ÖGB finally settled with an 11 million Schillings compensation deal, and Kurt Falk took over the 50% from Ferdinand Karpik.

Kurt Falk himself left the newspaper after a long fight with Dichand in the 1980s. He sold his shares to the German WAZ media group, which is said to have close connections to the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD). In 1989 Hans Mahr, an advisor to Dichand since 1983, took over as manager.

Methods used by the newspaper

It became apparent soon after the re-establishment of the Krone that the newspaper used unorthodox methods against the competition.

The Krone today

Appearance, layout

The Krone appears daily, in colour, containing approximately 80 pages. The paper is published in tabloid format[3] (similar to A4 paper size). The editions vary from state to state, except for the state of Vorarlberg, which does not have its own version.

Structure and owners

The editor-in-chief was Christoph Dichand, son of the founder and publisher Hans Dichand.[4] His appointment led to a power struggle between the Dichand family and the WAZ, a German media group that holds 50% of Kronen Zeitung.[5][6] The WAZ also partly owns Kurier, another daily.[5][6] Hans Dichand owns the remaining 50% of the paper.[5]

Acting editor-in-chief chosen by the WAZ is Michael Kuhn, publisher of the Mediaprint newspaper printing company.

Characteristics

Nudity

The Krone features the picture of a topless or semi-naked woman "Girl des Tages" or "Girl of the day", usually on page three, five or seven.

The power of the Krone

With about three million readers out of Austria's total population of approximately eight million. The Krone has nearly three times as many readers as its strongest competitor, the Kleine Zeitung (12.4% share of all readers).

Nevertheless, certain regional differences between eastern and western Austria exist which affect the newspaper. In eastern states (such as Burgenland) it has almost a 60% share of the market, but in western states such as the Tyrol and Vorarlberg the Krone has barely penetrated the market. While in Vorarlberg the Krone is totally insignificant, in Tyrol it has been able to make some gains. Local newspapers there, such as the Tiroler Tageszeitung, now fear for their positions. In response, the Tiroler Tageszeitung created its own tabloid in 2004, called Die Neue.

Circulation

Kronen Zeitung was the seventh largest newspaper worldwide and the largest European newspaper with a circulation of 1,075,000 copies in the late 1980s.[7] It was the best-selling Austrian newspaper in 1993 with a circulation of 1.1 million copies.[8] In the period of 1995-96 the daily had a circulation of 1,075,000 copies.[9] Kronen Zeitung was the sixth best selling European newspaper with a circulation of 1,084,000 copies in 1999.[10]

In 2000 Kronen Zeitung was the seventh best-selling newspapers in Europe with a circulation of 1,052,000 copies.[11] In 2001 it was the fifth best selling European newspaper and the most read newspaper in Austria with a circulation of 1,035,000 copies.[12] The paper had a circulation of 1,018,000 copies in 2002, making it the best selling newspaper in the country.[13] In 2005 its circulation was 850,000 copies.[14] Its 2007 circulation was 961,000 copies.[15] Next year the circulation of Kronen Zeitung was 881,000 copies, making it the best-selling paper in Austria.[3] It had a circulation of 929,000 copies in 2010[16] and 818,859 copies in 2011.[17] The 2012 circulation of the paper was 800,000 copies, reaching 40% of the Austrian readers.[18] Its circulation was 820,000 copies in 2013.[19]

Publishing house and marketing company Mediaprint

In the 1990s the Krone, together with the second-strongest newspaper Kurier, founded the publishing house and marketing company Mediaprint, which took over the print, marketing, and sales of the two newspapers. Many observers at that point already spoke of a monopoly. In 2000, the most successful Austrian magazine group, the NEWS media company, which owns the magazines NEWS, Profil, E-Media, Format and Trend, merged with Mediaprint. Since then the majority of printed media in Austria in effect comes from the same company.

Controversy

In 2004 Elfriede Jelinek, a long-time and sharp critic of the newspaper, was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature. Despite this being a major event for Austria, the main headline on the Kronen Zeitung's first page read "You may lose your driving licence" and a short article about Jelinek was hidden deep within the paper. Over the years the paper had been at odds with her and its columnists had aggressively denounced her.

On 28 July 2012, Krone published photos from the Syrian civil war that were blatantly manipulated.[20]

Focused interference in Austrian politics

Kronen Zeitung was the supporter of Kurt Waldheim in the presidential election in 1986.[21] Many Austrian intellectuals hold the Kronen Zeitung responsible for the gains of the far-right Freedom Party (FPÖ) in the 1999 elections, claiming its journalism is selective to an unacceptable degree.

However, until 2007 the effect of the Kronen Zeitung on Austrian politics, though regarded as extremely strong, had ultimately been indirect. In 2008 a new policy became apparent when the paper orchestrated a focused (and successful) campaign for the replacement of chancellor Alfred Gusenbauer as the head of the SPÖ by Werner Faymann, a decade-long close friend of Hans Dichand.

On 27 June 2008 while the change of the guard at the top of the SPÖ was still ongoing, the paper published an open letter by Faymann (co-signed by Gusenbauer) to Dichand[22] in which the politicians announced that the party would make Austrian acceptance of EU decisions in "important matters" (such as a rephrasing of the EU Treaty or the admission of Turkey as a new member) contingent on the outcome of an Austrian popular referendum on such matters. This amounted to a U-turn in socialist policy, and constituted an adoption of a long-term central demand of the Kronen-Zeitung. In the campaign for the snap elections of 28 September 2008 which were to a large part precipitated by this action, the Kronen-Zeitung openly and massively campaigned for Faymann as the next chancellor.

However, in the campaign for the June 2009 European parliament elections the Kronen-Zeitung threw its entire weight behind Hans-Peter Martin, a populist ex-member of the SPÖ's European parliamentary faction. Although it is impossible to quantify the exact contribution of the support of Kronen Zeitung for Hans-Peter Martin's List to the 17.9% of the Austrian votes it secured in these elections, this figure is an approximate indicator for the newspaper's political muscle. According to a post-vote poll by the agency Gfk Austria,[23] 70% of Hans-Peter Martin's List voters at that election were readers of the Kronen Zeitung, and 29% of all Kronen Zeitung readers actually voted for him.

References

  1. ↑ "European News Resources". NYU Libraries. Retrieved 24 January 2015.
  2. ↑ Richard Wolf. (9 October 2012). Austrian Newspaper Apologizes for Fake Syria Photo Imedia Ethics. Retrieved 24 January 2015.
  3. 1 2 Lisa Müller (10 September 2014). Comparing Mass Media in Established Democracies: Patterns of Media Performance. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 224. ISBN 978-1-137-39138-4. Retrieved 16 January 2015.
  4. ↑ Victor Flores (2013). "The Austrian Journalists' Report" (Report). Medienhaus Wien. Retrieved 5 February 2015.
  5. 1 2 3 "Media Markets: Austria Country Overview". Russian Telecom. August 2004. Retrieved 1 January 2015.
  6. 1 2 "Communications Report 2005" (Report). Rundfunk and Telekom Regulierungs GmbH. Retrieved 1 January 2015.
  7. ↑ Franz Horner (1996). "Agencies of Socialization". In Volkmar Lauber. Contemporary Austrian Politics. Boulder, CO: Westview Press. p. 223. Retrieved 1 January 2015. – via Questia (subscription required)
  8. ↑ Eric Solsten, ed. (1994). Austria: A Country Study. Washington: GPO for the Library of Congress. Retrieved 23 March 2015.
  9. ↑ Media Policy: Convergence, Concentration and Commerce. SAGE Publications. 24 September 1998. p. 10. ISBN 978-1-4462-6524-6. Retrieved 3 February 2014.
  10. ↑ "Top 100 Dailies 1999". campaign. 24 November 2000. Retrieved 12 February 2015.
  11. ↑ "Top 100 dailies 2000". campaign. 16 November 2001. Retrieved 2 March 2015.
  12. ↑ Adam Smith (15 November 2002). "Europe's Top Papers". campaign. Retrieved 5 February 2015.
  13. ↑ "World Press Trends 2003" (PDF). World Association of Newspapers. Paris. 2004. Retrieved 15 February 2015.
  14. ↑ Georgios Terzis, ed. (2007). European Media Governance: National and Regional Dimensions. Intellect Books. p. 64. ISBN 978-1-84150-192-5.
  15. ↑ Anne Austin et. al. (2008). "Western Europe Market & MediaFact" (PDF). ZenithOptimedia. Retrieved 1 January 2015.
  16. ↑ "Western Europe Media Facts. 2011 Edition" (PDF). ZenithOptimedia. Retrieved 6 March 2016.
  17. ↑ Paul C. Murschetz (25 January 2014). State Aid for Newspapers: Theories, Cases, Actions. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 134. ISBN 978-3-642-35691-9. Retrieved 2 December 2014.
  18. ↑ "Austrian circulation rise because of free papers". Newspaper Innovation. 26 February 2013. Retrieved 26 November 2014.
  19. ↑ "Austria 2013". WAN IFRA. Retrieved 25 February 2015.
  20. ↑ Imgur Krone
  21. ↑ Richard Mitten (1992). The Politics of the Antisemitic Prejudice. The Waldheim Phenomenon in Austria (PDF). Boulder: Westview Press. Retrieved 24 January 2015.
  22. ↑ Volksabstimmung für neuen EU-Vertrag.Full text of the Faymann-Gusenbauer open letter
  23. ↑ Plasser F, Ulram PA. Analyse der Europawahl 2009. Gfk Austria. p. 36 PDF at Gfk Austria Archived

External links

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