Flagtail

Flagtail
Hawaiian flagtail (K. sandvicensis)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Actinopterygii
Order:	Perciformes
Family:	Kuhliidae D. S. Jordan & Evermann, 1896
Genus:	Kuhlia T. N. Gill, 1861
Type species
Perca ciliata G. Cuvier, 1828
Synonyms
Boulengerina Fowler, 1907 Herops De Vis, 1884 Moronopsis T. N. Gill, 1863 Paradules Bleeker, 1863 Platysome E. Liénard, 1832 Safole D. S. Jordan, 1912

The flagtails (āhole or āholehole in the Hawaiian language) are a family (Kuhliidae) of perciform fish of the Indo-Pacific area. The family consists of several species in one genus, Kuhlia. Most are euryhaline and often found in brackish water, but the genus also includes species restricted to marine or fresh water.

Several species are known as Hawaiian flagtails, particularly K. sandvicensis and K. xenura.

Description

The distinctive characteristic of these fish is a scaly sheath around the dorsal and anal fins. The dorsal fin is deeply notched between the 10 spines and the 9 to 13 soft rays. The opercle has two spines, and the anal fin three. Their bodies are compressed and silvery, and they tend to be small, growing to 50 cm at most.

During the day, they usually school, dispersing at night to feed on free-swimming fish and crustaceans.

Species

The currently recognized species in this genus are:^[1]

• Kuhlia boninensis (Fowler, 1907)
• Kuhlia caudavittata (Lacépède, 1802)

A school of young Kuhlia caudavittata.

• Kuhlia malo (Valenciennes, 1831)
• Kuhlia marginata (G. Cuvier, 1829) (spotted or dark-margined flagtail)
• Kuhlia mugil (J. R. Forster, 1801) (barred flagtail)
• Kuhlia munda (De Vis, 1884) (silver flagtail)
• Kuhlia nutabunda Kendall & Radcliffe, 1912 (Rapanui flagtail)
• Kuhlia petiti L. P. Schultz, 1943
• Kuhlia rubens (Spinola, 1807)
• Kuhlia rupestris (Lacépède, 1802) (rock flagtail, jungle perch)
• Kuhlia salelea L. P. Schultz, 1943
• Kuhlia sandvicensis (Steindachner, 1876) (Hawaiian flagtail)
• Kuhlia sauvagii Regan, 1913
• Kuhlia xenura (D. S. Jordan & C. H. Gilbert, 1882)

Timeline

References

• Mary Kawena Pukui and Elbert (2003). "lookup of āholehole". on Hawaiian dictionary. Ulukau, the Hawaiian Electronic Library, University of Hawaii. Retrieved July 9, 2010.
• Mary Kawena Pukui and Elbert (2003). "lookup of āhole". on Hawaiian dictionary. Ulukau, the Hawaiian Electronic Library, University of Hawaii. Retrieved July 9, 2010.

1. Froese, Rainer, and Daniel Pauly, eds. (2013). Species of Kuhlia in FishBase. August 2013 version.