Kut Barrage

Kut Barrage
Location of Kut Barrage in Iraq
Location	Wasit Governorate, Iraq
Coordinates	32°29′56″N 45°49′04″E / 32.498889°N 45.817778°ECoordinates: 32°29′56″N 45°49′04″E / 32.498889°N 45.817778°E
Opening date	1939
Dam and spillways
Impounds	Tigris River
Height	10.5 m (34 ft)
Length	516 m (1,693 ft)

The Kut Barrage is a barrage on the Tigris river, located in the modern town of Kut in Wasit Governorate, Iraq. It is 516 metres (1,693 ft) long, 10.5 metres (34 ft) high and consists of 56 gates, each 6 metres (20 ft) wide. The maximum discharge of the barrage is 6,000 cubic metres (7,800 cu yd), but actual discharge has not exceeded 2,000 cubic metres (2,600 cu yd) in the last 10 years. The barrage supports a road and includes a lock for boats passing up and down the Tigris.^[1][2] Its purpose is to maintain a sufficiently high water level in the Tigris to provide water for the Gharraf irrigation canal, which branches off the Tigris just upstream from the Kut Barrage. Before the construction of the Kut Barrage, the Gharraf canal only received water during periods of flood in the Tigris. The water level in the canal is maintained by the Gharraf Head Regulator, which was constructed at the same time as the Kut Barrage.^[3]

The Kut Barrage was constructed between 1934 and 1939 by the British firm Balfour Beatty. Construction of the barrage was carried out by 2,500 Arab and Kurdish workers, and involved the removal of 1,223,288 cubic metres (1,600,000 cu yd) of ground. For the barrage itself 191,139 cubic metres (250,000 cu yd) of concrete was used. A major flood in the Tigris in 1936 caused the building site to be flooded entirely and led to the temporary standstill of the construction works.^[3]

In 1952, 26,440 hectares (65,300 acres) were irrigated from water provided by the Gharraf Canal. Of this newly reclaimed land, 14,080 hectares (34,800 acres) was distributed to small farmers as part of a social land reform program. These farmers received 10 hectares (25 acres) per family and were required to live on the land they farmed.^[4][5] In 2005, repairs and maintenance works were carried out at the Kut Barrage and the Gharraf Head Regulator for a total cost of US$3 million.^[6]

References

1. Iraqi Ministries of Environment, Water Resources and Municipalities and Public Works (2006). "Annex III: Main water control structures (dams and water diversions) and reservoirs". New Eden Master Plan for integrated water resources management in the marshlands areas. New Eden Group.
2. Sayigh, Yusif Abdalla (1978). The economies of the Arab world: development since 1945. London: Taylor & Francis. p. 30. ISBN 978-0-85664-474-0.
3. "The Kut Barrage Irrigation Scheme". Nature 143 (3610): 18–19. 1939. doi:10.1038/143018c0.
4. de Vaumas, Étienne (1952). "Les grands travaux des irrigation en Irak". Annales de Géographie (in French) 61 (328): 473–474.
5. Fisk, Brad (1952). "Dujaila: Iraq's pilot project for land settlement". Economic Geography 28 (4): 343–354. doi:10.2307/141972. JSTOR 141972.
6. "Ministry Projects". Ministry of Water Resources. Archived from the original on June 4, 2009. Retrieved 30 January 2010.