Oliguria

Oliguria
Classification and external resources
Specialty Nephrology
ICD-10 R34
ICD-9-CM 788.5
DiseasesDB 23641
MedlinePlus 003147
Patient UK Oliguria
MeSH D009846

Oliguria or hypouresis (both names from roots meaning "not enough urine") is the low output of urine.[1] In humans, it is clinically classified as an output more than 80 ml/day but less than 400ml/day.[2] The decreased output of urine may be a sign of dehydration, kidney failure, hypovolemic shock, HHNS hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic Nonketotic Syndrome, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, urinary obstruction/urinary retention, DKA, pre-eclampsia, and urinary tract infections, among other conditions.

The most extreme type of oliguria is called anuria, which represents an absence of urine, clinically classified as below 100ml/day.[2]

Definition

Oliguria is defined as a urine output that is less than 1 mL/kg/h in infants,[3] less than 0.5 mL/kg/h in children,[3] and less than 400 mL[3] or 500 mL[4] per 24h in adults - this equals 17 or 21 mL/hour. For example, in an adult weighing 70 kg it equals 0.24 or 0.3 mL/hour/kg. Alternatively, however, the value of 0.5 mL/kg/h is commonly used to define oliguria in adults as well.[4]

Olig- (or oligo-) is a Greek prefix meaning small or few.[5]

Anuria is clinically defined as less than 100mL urine output per day.

Diagnostic approach

Perform ultrasound examination of the kidney to rule out obstructive processes.

The mechanisms causing oliguria can be categorized globally in three different categories:

Postoperative oliguria

Patients usually have decrease in urine output after a major operation that may be a normal physiological response to:

Oliguria in infants

Oliguria, when defined as less than 1 mL/kg/h, in infants is not attributed to kidney failure.[6]

See also

References

  1. "oliguria" at Dorland's Medical Dictionary
  2. 1 2 Boon et al, Davidson's Principles & Practice of Medicine (20th Ed), p475
  3. 1 2 3 Klahr S, Miller S (1998). "Acute oliguria". N Engl J Med 338 (10): 671–5. doi:10.1056/NEJM199803053381007. PMID 9486997. Free Full Text.
  4. 1 2 Merck manuals > Oliguria Last full review/revision March 2009 by Soumitra R. Eachempati
  5. http://biology.about.com/od/prefixesandsuffixeso/g/blo3.htm
  6. Arant B (1987). "Postnatal development of renal function during the first year of life". Pediatr Nephrol 1 (3): 308–13. doi:10.1007/BF00849229. PMID 3153294.


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