Lactobacillus crispatus

Lactobacillus crispatus
Scientific classification
Domain: Bacteria
Phylum: Firmicutes
Class: Bacilli
Order: Lactobacillales
Family: Lactobacillaceae
Genus: Lactobacillus
Species: L. crispatus
Binomial name
Lactobacillus crispatus

Lactobacillus crispatus is a common, rod-shaped species of genus Lactobacillus and is a hydrogen peroxide [1] producing (H2O2) beneficial micro biota species located in both the vagina, through vaginal discharge, and the vertebrate gastrointestinal.[2] The strain CTV-05 is used as a probiotic that can be used by premenopausal and postmenopausal women[3] that experience recurrent urinary tract infections. It is being evaluated specifically for the prevention and treatment of bacterial vaginosis,[4] which is characterized by the absence of lactobacillus flora, also known as Lactobacillus acidophilus; which plays a large role in protecting the host from infection.[5]

Ecology

It is a species in the phylum Firmicutes, in the class Bacilli, in the order Lactobacillales, in the family Lactobacillaceae and the genus Lactobaccillus.[6] It is one of one hundred twenty two other species identified within the genus. It is made up of about 2,043,161 nucleotides[6] that make up its length of 2,021 protein genes,[6] 76 RNA genes [6] and has a circular chromosomal shape.[6] The strain of Lactobacillus crispastus was originally isolated from a pouch in chickens gullet[6] where food is stored and is considered to be one of the strongest H2O2-producing Lactobacilli. However, like many other Lactobacilli species, it can be severely altered by changes to the immune system, hormone levels and from the use of antimicrobials.Lactobacillus crispatus is a normal inhabitant of the lower reproductive tract in healthy women.[7][8]

How it is used

CTV-05 gelatin suppository capsules[4] are inserted into the vagina as a probiotic that can help maintain healthy flora. Studies have shown that L. crispastus CTV-05 effectively colonized the vagina and helped prevent and treat recurrent bacterial vaginosis and other genital infections. Scientists have stated that evidence from clinical trials proves that that these probiotics will safely and effectively treat bacterial vaginosis if used alone or alongside an antibiotic treatment if an infection had already arisen.[3] Condom use has showed increased colonization of Lactobacillus crispastus in the vagina because it protects against both bacterial vaginosis (BV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).[9]

References

  1. ↑ "DNA Fingerprinting of Lactobacillus crispatus Strain CTV-05 by Repetitive Element Sequence-Based PCR Analysis in a Pilot Study of Vaginal Colonization". PubMed Central (PMC).
  2. ↑ Teija Ojala. "Genome Sequence of Lactobacillus crispatus ST1".
  3. 1 2 "Medscape: Medscape Access".
  4. 1 2 http://jid.oxfordjournals.org/content/199/10/1506.full.pdf
  5. ↑ Alejandra Vásquez. "Vaginal Lactobacillus Flora of Healthy Swedish Women".
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "KEGG GENOME: Lactobacillus crispatus".
  7. ↑ Nardis, C.; Mastromarino, P.; Mosca, L. (September 2013). "Vaginal microbiota and viral sexually transmitted diseases". Annali di Igiene 25 (5): 443–56. doi:10.7416/ai.2013.1946. PMID 24048183. Retrieved 11 January 2016.
  8. ↑ Bennett, John (2015). Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's principles and practice of infectious diseases. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier/Saunders. ISBN 9781455748013; Access provided by the University of Pittsburgh
  9. ↑ "PLOS ONE".
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