I was glad

I was glad (Latin incipit, Laetatus sum) is an introit commonly used in the Anglican church, and also used as an anthem traditionally sung at the coronation of the British monarch. Its most famous setting was written in 1902 by Sir Hubert Parry, which sets only verses 1–3,6,7.

The text of the anthem consists of verses from Psalm 122, from the psalter found in the 1662 Book of Common Prayer:

1. I was glad when they said unto me : We will go into the house of the Lord.
2. Our feet shall stand in thy gates : O Jerusalem.
3. Jerusalem is built as a city : that is at unity in itself.
4. For thither the tribes go up, even the tribes of the Lord : to testify unto Israel, to give thanks unto the Name of the Lord.
5. For there is the seat of judgement : even the seat of the house of David.
6. O pray for the peace of Jerusalem : they shall prosper that love thee.
7. Peace be within thy walls : and plenteousness within thy palaces.
8. For my brethren and companions' sakes : I will wish thee prosperity.
9. Yea, because of the house of the Lord our God : I will seek to do thee good.

Most of the content of the psalm is a prayer for the peace and prosperity of Jerusalem, and its use in the coronation service clearly draws a parallel between Jerusalem and the United Kingdom, as William Blake had in his poem Jerusalem (which Parry set to music later, in 1916).

Use at coronations

The anthem Laetatus sum has been sung at the entrance of the monarch at every British coronation since that of King Charles I.^[1] Settings for earlier coronations were composed by Henry Purcell and William Boyce, among others. Thomas Attwood's setting was written for the coronation of King George IV in 1831.^[2] Parry's version was composed for the coronation of King Edward VII in 1902, and revised in 1911 for that of King George V, when the familiar introduction was added. This setting employs antiphonal choir effects and brass fanfares. Apart from the imperial splendour of the music, the chief innovation is the incorporation in the central section of the acclamations "Vivat Rex ... " or "Vivat Regina ... " ("Long live King/Queen ...") with which the King's or Queen's Scholars of Westminster School have traditionally greeted the entrance of the monarch since the coronation of King James II in 1685.^[3] This section, which has to be rewritten every time a new monarch is crowned - because the Sovereign (and his Consort) is mentioned by name - is generally omitted when the anthem is performed on other occasions. At the coronation of a king and queen, the vivat for the queen precedes that for the king. Parry indicated in the score scope for an improvisatory fanfare between the two, should the length of the procession and timing require it: the Scholars shout their greeting as the Sovereign (and his Consort) pass through the Quire and up into the Theatre. At the last coronation, that of Elizabeth II in 1953, the acclamation took the form of "Vivat Regina Elizabetha".^[4]

At the first performance of Parry's arrangement at the 1902 coronation, the director of music, Sir Frederick Bridge, misjudged the timing and had finished the anthem before the King had arrived, having to repeat it when the right moment came. Bridge was saved by the organist, Walter Alcock, who improvised in the interim.^[5]

Use at other events

Parry's setting of "I Was Glad" was performed on 29 April 2011 at the Westminster Abbey wedding of Prince William, Duke of Cambridge and Catherine, Duchess of Cambridge (formerly Kate Middleton) as the processional music for the bride and her father and the bridal attendants.^[6] It had previously been performed at the wedding of the Duke's parents, Charles, Prince of Wales and Diana, Princess of Wales in 1981.

Notable musical settings

Latin text

• Alessandro Scarlatti wrote at least four settings,^[7] one for four unaccompanied voices.
• Heinrich Ignaz Franz Biber wrote 3 known settings, a seven part setting (C. 9) and two four part settings in his "Vesperae longiores ac breviores" (C. 21 & C. 31).
• Marc-Antoine Charpentier wrote a setting (H.161) in 1671. and a second (H.216) ca. 1693-94.^[8]
• Michael Haydn wrote two settings, in B-flat major (MH 480), and in F major (MH 519)
• It is the third Psalm of Monteverdi's Vespro della Beata Vergine 1610
• It is the third Psalm of Vivaldi's Vespro per la Vergine RV607
• It is the third Psalm of all Tridentine Vespers of Sundays and Feasts.

English text

• William Child and Thomas Tomkins probably wrote a setting of it for the coronation of King Charles II in 1661
• Henry Purcell and John Blow probably wrote a setting of it for the coronation of King James II in 1685
• Francis Pigott wrote a setting of it for the coronation of Queen Anne in 1702, also used at the coronation of King George I in 1714 and probably intended for King George II in 1727 but omitted by mistake
• William Boyce wrote a setting of it for the coronation of King George III in 1761
• Thomas Attwood wrote a setting of it for the coronation of King George IV in 1821, also used for King William IV in 1831 and Queen Victoria in 1838^[9]
• Sir Hubert Parry, wrote a setting of it for the coronation of King Edward VII in 1902. This has been used at every British coronation since.^[10]

See also

• Anglican church music
• Jerusalem

References

1. MacLeane, Douglas (1911), The Great Solemnity of the Coronation of the King and Queen of England According to the Use of the Church of England, George Allen & Company Ltd, London. (p. 69)
2. Gatens, William J (1987), Victorian Cathedral Music in Theory and Practice, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-26808-7 (p. 84)
3. Tanner, Lawrence E (1934), Westminster School: A History, Country Life Ltd, London (p. 36)
4. [Hall. John (2012), Queen Elizabeth II and Her Church: Royal Service at Westminster Abbey, Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, ISBN 978-1-4411-2072-4] (p. 11)
5. Cowgill, Rachel and Rushton, Julian (2006) Europe, Empire, and Spectacle in Nineteenth-century British Music, Ashgate Publishing Limited, ISBN 978-0-7546-5208-3 (pp. 124–125)
6. "Balcony kisses seal royal wedding". BBC News. Retrieved 24 March 2014.
7. https://books.google.hu/books/about/The_New_Grove_Italian_Baroque_Masters.html?id=d0GpsNvAK-4C&redir_esc=y
8. http://www.charpentier.culture.fr/fr/html/doc/oeuvre.pdf
9. Range, Matthias (2012), Music and Ceremonial at British Coronations: From James I to Elizabeth II, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-1-107-02344-4 (Appendix C, pp. 281–284)
10. Range, Appendix D, pp. 285–288

External links

Video clips

• Choir of King's College Chapel, Cambridge
• Choir of St Paul's Cathedral at the 2002 Golden Jubilee of Elizabeth II