Engineered wood

Very large self-supporting wooden roof. Built for the world fair in the year 2000, Hanover, Germany.
75 Unit Apartment building, made largely of wood, in Mission, British Columbia.

Engineered wood, also called composite wood, man-made wood, or manufactured board; includes a range of derivative wood products which are manufactured by binding or fixing the strands, particles, fibers, or veneers or boards of wood, together with adhesives, or other methods of fixation[1] to form composite materials. These products are engineered to precise design specifications which are tested to meet national or international standards. Engineered wood products are used in a variety of applications, from home construction to commercial buildings to industrial products.[2] The products can be used for joists and beams that replace steel in many building projects.[3]

Typically, engineered wood products are made from the same hardwoods and softwoods used to manufacture lumber. Sawmill scraps and other wood waste can be used for engineered wood composed of wood particles or fibers, but whole logs are usually used for veneers, such as plywood, MDF or particle board. Some engineered wood products, like oriented strand board (OSB), can use trees from the poplar family, a common but non-structural species.

Alternatively, it is also possible to manufacture similar engineered bamboo from bamboo; and similar engineered cellulosic products from other lignin-containing materials such as rye straw, wheat straw, rice straw, hemp stalks, kenaf stalks, or sugar cane residue, in which case they contain no actual wood but rather vegetable fibers.

Flat pack furniture is typically made out of man-made wood due to its low manufacturing costs and its low weight, making it easy to transport.

Types of products

Engineered wood products in a Home Depot store

Engineered wood products are used in a variety of ways, often in applications similar to solid wood products. Engineered wood products may be preferred over solid wood in some applications due to certain comparative advantages:

Engineered wood products also have some disadvantages:

Plywood and OSB typically have a density of 35 to 40 pounds per cubic foot (550 to 650 kg per cubic meter). For example, 3/8" plywood sheathing or OSB sheathing typically has a weight of 1.0 to 1.2 pounds per square foot.[22]

Adhesives

The types of adhesives used in engineered wood include:

Urea-formaldehyde resins (UF)
most common, cheapest, and not waterproof.
Phenol formaldehyde resins (PF)
yellow/brown, and commonly used for exterior exposure products.
Melamine-formaldehyde resins (MF)
white, heat and water resistant, and often used in exposed surfaces in more costly designs.
Methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) or polyurethane (PU) resins
expensive, generally waterproof, and does not contain formaldehyde.

A more inclusive term is structural composites. For example, fiber cement siding is made of cement and wood fiber, while cement board is a low density cement panel, often with added resin, faced with fiberglass mesh.

Other fixations

Some engineered products such as CLT Cross Laminated Timber can be assembled without the use of adhesives using mechanical fixing. These can range from profiled interlocking jointed boards,[23][24] proprietary metal fixings,[25] nails or timber dowels[26] (Brettstapel - single layer or CLT[27][28]).

Standards

The following standards are related to engineered wood products:

References

  1. http://www.dataholz.com/cgi-bin/WebObjects/dataholz.woa/wa/baustoff?baustoff=Brettsperrholz&language=en
  2. 1 2 A Guide To Engineered Wood Products, Form C800. Apawood.org. Retrieved on 2012-02-10.
  3. Naturally:wood Engineered wood. Naturallywood.com. Retrieved on 2012-02-10.
  4. "Milestones in the History of Plywood", APA – The Engineered Wood Association. Accessed October 22, 2007.
  5. 1 2 APA A glossary of Engineered Wood Terms. Apawood.org. Retrieved on 2012-02-10.
  6. Corky Binggeli. (2013), "Materials for Interior Environments".
  7. Oriented Strand Board Product Guide, Form W410. Apawood.org. Retrieved on 2012-02-10.
  8. 1 2 APA – The Engineered Wood Association. Apawood.org. Retrieved on 2012-02-10.
  9. FPInnovations Cross-Laminated Timber: A Primer. (PDF) . Retrieved on 2012-02-10.
  10. APA Structural Composite Lumber: A Practical Alternative. Apawood.org. Retrieved on 2012-02-10.
  11. 1 2 3 Mary McLeod et al. "Guide to the single-family home rating". Austin Energy Green Building. HARSHITA p. 31-32.
  12. APA – The Engineered Wood Association. Apawood.org. Retrieved on 2012-02-10.
  13. The New Science of Remodeling Dickson Development. Retrieved on 2016-04-25.
  14. 1 2 3 Wood University. Wood University. Retrieved on 2012-02-10.
  15. Naturally:wood engineered wood. Naturallywood.com. Retrieved on 2012-02-10.
  16. Stradthaus, London, England
  17. 1 2 FPInnovations A Synthesis of Research on Wood Products and Greenhouse Gas Impacts \P. 61. (PDF) . Retrieved on 2012-02-10.
  18. Hardwood Flooring PDX. Engineered Wood vs Real Hardwood
  19. APA Engineered Wood and the Environment: Facts and Figures. Apawood.org. Retrieved on 2012-02-10.
  20. Naturally:wood Engineered wood. Naturallywood.com. Retrieved on 2012-02-10.
  21. "Weights of building materials -- pounds per square foot (PSF)". Boise Cascade: Engineered wood products. 2009.
  22. http://www.treehugger.com/sustainable-product-design/interlocking-cross-laminated-timber-could-use-square-miles-beetle-killed-lumber.html
  23. http://www.soligno.com/de/wandelemente-aus-holz/40-0.html
  24. http://www.massivholzmauer.de/en/was_die_mhm_alles_kann.html
  25. Brettstapel
  26. http://www.rombach-holzhaus.com/pics/file/Rombach-Folder%20belgisch.pdf
  27. http://www.holzhaus-100.de/das_system/das_patent.php

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