Languages of Iberia

Iberian languages is a generic term for the languages currently or formerly spoken in the Iberian Peninsula.

Historic languages

Pre-Roman languages

Pre-Roman languages of Iberia circa 300 BC

The following languages were spoken in the Iberian Peninsula before the Roman occupation and the spread of the Latin language.

• Aquitanian (probably closely related to or the same as Proto-Basque)
• Proto-Basque
• Iberian
• Tartessian
• Indo-European languages
  • Celtic languages
    • Celtiberian
    • Gallaecian
  • Lusitanian (disputed: either Italic, Celtic, Para-Celtic or other Indo-European)
  • Sorothaptic
  • Hellenic
    • Ancient Greek
• Afro-Asiatic languages
  • Semitic languages
    • Phoenician
      • Punic

Medieval languages

The following languages were spoken in the Iberian Peninsula in medieval times, following the fall of the Western Roman Empire.

• Medieval Basque
• Indo-European languages
  • Germanic languages
    • Buri
    • Gothic
    • Suebian
    • Vandalic
  • Italic languages
    • Latin
      • Astur-Leonese
      • Galician-Portuguese (Old Portuguese)
      • Old Provençal (Old Occitan)
      • Old Castilian (Old Spanish)
      • Mozarabic
      • Navarro-Aragonese
  • Celtic languages
    • Brittonic
      • Old briton
  • Indo-Iranian languages
    • Scythian
      • Alanic
    • Romani
• Afro-Asiatic languages
  • Berber languages
  • Semitic languages
    • Arabic languages
      • Classical Arabic
        • Andalusian Arabic
    • Jewish languages
      • Medieval Hebrew (based on Biblical Hebrew)
        • Sephardi Hebrew
        • Judaeo-Romance languages (also classified as Italic/Latin languages)
          • Judaeo-Aragonese
          • Judaeo-Catalan
          • Judaeo-Portuguese
          • Judaeo-Spanish

Modern languages

The following indigenous languages are currently spoken in the Iberian Peninsula.

By linguistic group

Languages of the Iberian Peninsula (simplified).

• Basque (isolate)
  • Batua
  • Biscayan
  • Gipuzkoan
  • Upper Navarrese
  • Lower Navarrese
  • Lapurdian
  • Souletin
• Indo-European languages
  • Italic languages
    • Romance languages
      • Aragonese
      • Aranese (dialect of Gascon Occitan)
      • Astur-Leonese
        • Asturian
        • Cantabrian (co-dialect with Spanish)
        • Leonese
        • Mirandese
        • Extremaduran (co-dialect with Spanish)
      • Catalan
        • Eastern Catalan
          • Northern Catalan
          • Central Catalan
          • Balearic
        • Western Catalan
          • North-Western Catalan
          • Valencian
          • Ribagorçan (co-dialect with Aragonese)
            • Benasquese (co-dialect with Aragonese and Gascon Occitan)
      • Portugalician
        • Galician
        • Eonavian
        • Fala
        • Portuguese
          • Portuguese dialects
      • Spanish (or Castilian)
        • Spanish dialects and varieties
  • Germanic languages
    • Anglic
      • English (Gibraltar)
• Mixed languages
  • Caló (Ibero-Romance Romani)
    • Spanish Caló
    • Catalan Caló
    • Portuguese Calão
  • Erromintxela (Basque Romani)
  • Barranquenho
  • Llanito
• Sign languages
  • Spanish Sign Language
  • Catalan/Valencian Sign Language
  • Portuguese Sign Language

By country

• Andorra:
  • Catalan (official recognition)
  • Spanish
  • French
  • Portuguese
• Gibraltar (UK dependency):
  • English (official recognition)
  • British Sign Language^[1]
  • Spanish
  • Llanito
• Portugal:
  • Portuguese (official recognition)
    • Barranquenho (spoken in the town of Barrancos, near Portuguese–Spanish border)
  • Portuguese Sign Language (official recognition)
  • Mirandese (only spoken in a small eastern area of the Norte region, near Portuguese-Spanish border; official recognition)
• Spain:
  • Spanish (also called Castilian, official recognition)
  • Spanish Sign Language (official recognition)
  • Catalan (called Valencian in the Valencian Community, official recognition)
  • Catalan/Valencian Sign Language (official recognition)
  • Galician (official recognition) and Fala
  • Eonavian (also called Galician-asturian, official recognition) ^[2]
  • Basque (official recognition)
  • Aragonese (official recognition)
  • Occitan (locally called Aranese, official recognition)^[3]
  • Asturian (also called Bable, official recognition)
  • Cantabrian
  • Leonese (official recognition)
  • Extremaduran

Usage of co-official languages in Spain

Map of co-official languages in Spain

Speakers of official languages in the Spanish autonomous communities
(as a % of each region's population)

Autonomous community	Co-official languages	Co-official language speakers
Balearic Islands (2011)[4]	Catalan	71.5%
Basque Country (2011)[5]	Basque	32.0%
Catalonia (2011)[4]	Catalan	80.9%
Galicia (2004)[6]	Galician	83.2%
Navarre (2011)[5]	Basque	11.7%
Valencian Community (2011)[4]	Valencian (Catalan)	58.4%
Asturias[7]	Asturian language	42.0%

See also

• Languages of Andorra
• Languages of Spain
• Languages of Portugal
• Languages of Gibraltar
• Iberian Romance languages
• Pre-Roman peoples of the Iberian Peninsula

External links

• Detailed map of the Pre-Roman Peoples of Iberia (around 200 BC)
• Detailed linguistic map of the Iberian Peninsula
• Swadesh lists of Iberian languages basic words (from Wiktionary's Swadesh list appendix)

References

1. Launch of British Sign Language in Gibraltar.
2. Act 1/1998, March 23 of Principality of Asturias)
3. Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia, article 6th and Act 35/2010, October 1st of Parliament of Catalonia
4. "Informe sobre la situació de la llengua catalana" (PDF). Observatori de la llengua catalana. 2011. Retrieved 6 January 2013.
5. "V. Inkesta Soziolinguistikoa". Hizkuntza Politikarako Sailburuordetza. Retrieved 6 January 2013.
6. "Mapa Sociolingüístico de Galicia 2004 Vol 1" (PDF). Real Academia Galega. Retrieved 6 January 2013.
7. "Sociollingüística". Espaciu y Tiempu de la llingua asturiana. Retrieved 6 January 2013.