Late effect

In medicine, a late effect is a condition that appears after the acute phase of an earlier, causal condition has run its course. A late effect can be caused directly by the earlier condition, or indirectly by the treatment for the earlier condition. Some late effects can occur decades later. Historically, late effects have been very difficult to connect with their causes, but as survivorship and life span has increased and "follow up" has become standard practice, these connections are becoming established. A period, often very long, of health unaffected by both the initial and the late effect conditions distinguishes a late effect from a sequela or a complication.

Examples

• Chickenpox may be followed decades later by herpes zoster: see herpes zoster
• Chemotherapy, radiation therapy and surgery to cure a cancer may result years later in another, unrelated cancer and infertility or subfertility: see oncofertility^[1]
• Female survivors of childhood leukemia treated with cranial radiation therapy may be unable to breastfeed because they do not lactate^[2]

See also

• Adverse effect

References

1. "Late Effects". American Society of Clinical Oncology. 2010-10-14. Retrieved 2011-05-15.
2. Johnston K, Vowels M, Carroll S, Neville K, Cohn R (2007). "Failure to lactate: A possible late effect of cranial radiation.". Pediatr Blood Cancer 50 (3): 721. doi:10.1002/pbc.21291. PMID 17763465.

External links

• Late effects of the heart
• General inpatient coding guidelines