Leaning Tower of Zaragoza
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The Leaning Tower of Zaragoza (in Spanish: Torre Nueva de Zaragoza) was located in the present Plaza de San Felipe, Zaragoza. It was considered, while it existed, as the most famous Spanish leaning tower. In the 19th century, it was often reproduced by engravers and photographers, standing out those by Charles Clifford, different shots of J. Laurent, Júdez or Coyne.
Built in the 16th century to give the time to the city, the construction team featured the three cultures that lived in Aragon at the time: architects, Christian Juan de Sariñena, Jewish Juce de Galí and Muslims Ezmel Allabar and Monferriz, all under the direction of architect Gabriel Gombao. Over the years the tower became the symbol of the city; it was the highest Mudéjar tower ever built (80m in 1540); it had a diameter of 11 and a half meters, with the horizontal shape of a 16-pointed star. During the sieges it allowed observation of the French army movements.
Shortly after being built, the inclination of the tower was already noticeable, although it was said that there was no danger for its stability. In 1892 the City Council decided to demolish the tower, justifying the decision with the inclination and the probable ruin of the work. The decision was opposed by many intellectuals and part of the population, but efforts to save it were in vain. Once crumbled the citizens acquired bricks as memories.[1]
Description of the monument
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Of four heights, the first was a star of 16 points and the following were octagonal with corner buttresses, characteristic of these towers in the 16th century and role model for other towers such as Santa María de Calatayud.
The shot was added in the 18th century (in 1749), being an attractive triple spire, with slate roofs, removed in 1878.
The building was enhanced by decoration, made of geometric figures and pottery, and also opened bays with pointed arches.
The tower was leaning since shortly after its construction, possibly due to the short time that was used to make the foundation and the first body: the south side of the tower hatched faster than the north, resulting in a difference in tensions of both sides that inclined the tower. It was attempted to fix it by reinforcing the foundation, but the slope remained. Its inclination or deviation from vertical was nearly three meters.
From the 16th century, the tower became a symbol of the city.
During the Sieges (1808–1809), the tower was used to monitor the movements of the French troops, in addition to its role as danger-warning point.
The American writer, Alexander Slidell MacKenzie visited the tower in 1834 and ascended to the top. He described it in the book 'Spain Revisited' thus:
The tower is of immense height and very singular in construction; it has an inclination, very perceptible to the eye and which had its origins rather perhaps in the unskilfulness of the times in which it was erected, than from design or a subsequent yielding of the soil. The ascent to the top is very gradual and is said to be like that inside the Giralda and may be made by a horse. The tower is made entirely of brick and the winding arch seen above you as you ascend, as well as the arches of the windows, are not formed in the ordinary way, and by the assistance of a wooden frame, but by making the bricks, which lie horizontally throughout, project over each other until they meet and oppose each other at the top. The appearance of the arch is insecure; but time has sanctioned its strength since it has endured so many centuries. Some difficulty occurs in accounting for the origin of such a huge pile which does not stand near any church or convent but is quite isolated in the centre of a square. An old man, whom I asked about it, told me that it was put up to enable the labourers to know the time in the fields about Zaragoza; and in fact, the sound of the huge bell, that tolls the hours, may be heard at an immense distance, if any idea can be formed from the deafening effect which it produced upon my ears when nigh.
Demolition of the tower
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In 1892 the council decided to demolish the tower, justifying the decision by the inclination and the expected collapse of the work. The decision was opposed by many intellectuals and part of the population, but efforts to save it were in vain.
Among the defenders of the tower highlighted the Gascón de Gotor brothers, who published numerous articles denouncing the "turricidio" ("towercide") of the most beautiful Mudéjar tower, calling also as the greatest artistic crime committed in Spain.
The demolition lasted a year, starting in the summer of 1892 with the installation of some scaffolding. The bricks of the tower were sold for foundations of new houses in the city, thus showing that these were perfectly sound, and that the tower was thrown arbitrarily. In the summer of 1893, definitely, Zaragoza was left without its Leaning Tower.
During the 1990s, these built the first memorial in the place that had been the tower. Today there is just a mark on the pavement of the perimeter of the tower and a sculpture of a boy who sees it as if it existed, sitting on the floor; and a star-shaped mark sixteen points on the floor of the square remembers the location of the Torre Nueva.
In one of the shops in the plaza there is a small museum space dedicated to the tower, with photographs and pieces of it.
See also
Bibliography
- Gómez Urdáñez, María del Carmen (2003). The Torre Nueva of Zaragoza and documentation of the 16th century: history and historiography. Review of the Department of Art History at the University of Zaragoza, ISSN 0213-1498, Nº 18, 2003, pags. 341–374 (Ref.)
- Dolader Serrano, Alberto (1989). The Torre Nueva of Zaragoza. Zaragoza, City Council of Zaragoza. ISBN 84-86807-06-9
- Mackenzie, Alexander Slidell (1834) 'Spain Revisited'. Harper & Bros.
References
External links
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Torre Nueva de Zaragoza. |
- «Zaragoza. La torre nueva or leaning tower», photo by J. Laurent, albumen, 34,1 x 25 cm
- High resolution image of the above photograph of Laurent of the Leaning Tower.
Coordinates: 41°39′18″N 0°52′55″W / 41.65490°N 0.88207°W