Limbaži

Limbaži
Town
Limbaži old town
Flag Coat of arms
Limbaži Location in Latvia
Coordinates: 57°31′N 24°43′E / 57.517°N 24.717°ECoordinates: 57°31′N 24°43′E / 57.517°N 24.717°E
Country	Latvia
District	Limbaži municipality
City status	1385
Government
• Mayor	Juris Žūriņš
Area
• Total	9.021 km^2 (3.483 sq mi)
Population (2008)
• Total	8,705
• Density	989/km^2 (2,560/sq mi)
Time zone	EET (UTC+2)
• Summer (DST)	EEST (UTC+3)
Postal code	LV-4001
Calling code	640
Website	http://www.limbazi.lv

Limbaži ( pronunciation , Estonian: Lemsalu, German: Lemsal, Livonian: Lämmist nīn) is a town in the Vidzeme region of northern Latvia. Limbaži is located 90 km northeast of the capital Riga. The population is 8705 people. During the Middle Ages, as part of Livonia, Limbazi was a fortified town with stone walls, second in importance only to Riga.

Etymology

The name Lämmist nīn is believed to be a Livonian word meaning "wide isle in a forest swamp". The German Lemsahl is derived from the Livonian name.

According to folk etymology, the name Limbaži originated sometime in the 17th century. A recently arrived Swedish minister overheard some gibberish, "limba" and "aži". Mistakenly, he assumed this was the name of the village, and so the town was called "Limbaži".

History

In ancient times, Limbaži was a Livonian settlement known as Lemisele, part of Metsepole. In the early 13th century, Bishop Albert and the Teutonic knights destroyed the village while conquering Metsepole, and built a castle, around which formed the new city, Lemsahl.

Medieval Limbaži

Until the beginning of the 16th century, Lemsahl could be reached by seagoing vessels travelling up the Svētupe. Ships came from as far as Lübeck and Copenhagen to trade for honey, wax, lumber, grain, and furs. The small trading camp surrounding the castle grew into a large town, and was admitted to the Hanseatic League. Each year, Lemsahl hosted a conference attended by barons from all over Livonia, and the city hosted at least three other fairs throughout the year as well. During these fairs, the town may have held as many as 20,000 people at once. In addition, the Bishop of Riga made Lemsahl his spring residence, which became a walled city to protect both the bishop and the trading center. In population, Lemsahl was second only to Riga.

By 1500, however, the Svētupe became too shallow to navigate. Goods were sent elsewhere, and Lemsahl began a century long decline. During the Livonian War, Ivan the Terrible's forces burned down Lemsahl in 1558, while its residents fled to the nearby forests and marshes for shelter. The city was burned down by the Swedes in 1567, and again by the Russians in 1575. In 1602, the Swedes and Poles fought yet again for the city, completely demolishing its fortifications and walls. By the time the wars had ended, the city was so demolished, only three houses and a handful of residents remained.

18th and 19th centuries

While under Swedish rule, the village was renamed Limbaži sometime in the 17th century. During the Great Northern War, Vidzeme was totally ravaged by Peter the Great's forces. But as the story goes, while searching for Limbaži, the Russian army got lost in a heavy fog. After stumbling in circles, the soldiers began to believe such a village may not exist after all, and moved on. Limbaži survived the war unscathed.

The city completely burned down again in 1747, after which today's city layout began to develop. In the 19th century, the city began to grow again. In 1821 there were 674 inhabitants, but by 1900 there were about 2000. In 1876, hat-maker A.Tīls opened "Limbažu Filcs", the town's oldest company, which also secured jobs for generations of the city's inhabitants. The first town library was built in the late 19th century, and several publishing houses were opened, the largest of which was K.Paucīsis Press.

Twentieth century

After World War I Limbaži continued to grow. The long-awaited rail line to Riga opened in 1934, and a 50-bed hospital opened in 1936. In Soviet times the population jumped to 8,000, with many five-story Soviet-style apartments appearing in the 1960s. During the Soviet period, Limbaži became a factory-town with "Lauktehnika" farm machinery, "Limbažu Filcs" hats, and "Limbažu Piens" one of the largest milk processors in Latvia, all based there.

Demographics

	1385	1622	1773	1800	1840	1863	1881	1897	1914	1920	1925	1930	1943	1959	1970	1979	1989	1997	2004
Population	6000	12	549	600	877	1134	1814	2412	4700	2501	3085	2935	2806	4823	5791	8257	9985	9522	8934

Notable residents

• Kārlis Baumanis (May 11, 1835 – January 10, 1905), composer of the Latvian national anthem, "Dievs, svētī Latviju!"

Monument to Kārlis Baumanis in Limbaži. Composer of the Latvian national anthem

Notable locations

• Limbaži old town, with remains of the town wall
• Ruins of the Archbishop's castle
• Limbaži museum of history
• Livonian hill-fort at Ķezberkalns
• "Svētais Jānis" Lutheran Church
• Kārlis Baumanis grave and monument
• Limbažu Lielezers (Lake Limbaži)
• The national Olympic training center for canoeing and kayaking is situated in Limbaži

Sister cities

• Anklam, Germany
• Klippan, Sweden

References

• Limbaži history (Latvian)
• Turlajs, Janis, ed. Latvijas Celvedis. 2nd ed. Riga, Latvia: Jana Seta, 2007. 200-01.
• Latvijas Pilsetas. Riga, Latvia: Preses Nams, 1999. 284-291.