Hawaiian freshwater goby
| Lentipes concolor | |
|---|---|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Perciformes |
| Family: | Gobiidae |
| Subfamily: | Sicydiinae |
| Genus: | Lentipes |
| Species: | L. concolor |
| Binomial name | |
| Lentipes concolor (T. N. Gill, 1860) | |
| Synonyms | |
| |
The Hawaiian freshwater goby,[2] Lentipes concolor (‘o‘opu ‘alamo‘o or ‘o‘opu hi‘u koleis),[3] is a species of goby endemic to Hawaii, where it occurs in mountain streams. Males of this species can reach a standard length of 7 cm (2.8 in), while females only reach 6 cm (2.4 in).
This species is important to the native people as a food fish.[4] In Ancient Hawaiʻi, this species, and others such as mullet and Kuhlia sandvicensis, were cultivated in a form of freshwater aquaponics or aquatic polyculture. In this system of farming, the taro in the upland paddies (taro being the primary staple in Ancient Hawaiʻi) was aided by the fish such as the Hawaiʻian freshwater goby, through these fish pruning the leaves and eating the pests, thus leading to a symbiotic system of food production.[5][6][7]
This species has a salmon-like lifestyle, spawning in fresh water and going out to sea to mature. L. concolor is notable for its unique method of returning to the spawning beds; they use suction disks on their ventral sides to climb the wet rocks behind waterfalls, even scaling the 422-ft-high Akaka Falls.
References
- ↑ Gimenez Dixon, M. 1996. Lentipes concolor. In: IUCN 2013. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.1. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 02 September 2013.
- ↑ Carl M. Way, Albert J. Burky, Juliana M. Harding, Skippy Hau, William K.L.C. Puleloa Reproductive biology of the endemic goby, Lentipes concolor, from Makamaka'ole Stream, Maui and Waikolu Stream, Moloka'i Environmental Biology of Fishes 01-1998, Volume 51, Issue 1, pp 53-65
- ↑ http://www.bishopmuseum.org/research/natsci/waipiostudy/students/meet_the_critters/fish/native/Lentipes_concolor.htm Bishop Museum - L. concolor
- ↑ Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2013). "Lentipes concolor" in FishBase. June 2013 version.
- ↑ Rosauer, Ruth. "Ancient Hawaiian Aquaculture". Foundation for Agrarian Development Research, Moscow State University. Retrieved 3 February 2015.
- ↑ Spalding, Mark (11 July 2013). "Sustainable Ancient Aquaculture". National Geographic (National Geographic Society). Retrieved 3 February 2015.
- ↑ "FOOD IN OLD HAWAIʻI" (PDF). Ka Hana ‘Imi Na‘auao, University of Hawaiʻi at Manoa. Retrieved 3 February 2015.