Leo Geyr von Schweppenburg

Leo Geyr von Schweppenburg

Leo Geyr von Schweppenburg
Born (1886-03-02)2 March 1886
Potsdam, Kingdom of Prussia,
German Empire
Died 27 January 1974(1974-01-27) (aged 87)
Irschenhausen near Munich,
West Germany
Allegiance  German Empire (to 1918)
 Weimar Republic (to 1933)
 Nazi Germany
Service/branch Wehrmacht
Years of service 1904–1945
Rank General der Panzertruppe
Battles/wars

World War I

World War II
Awards Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross

Leo Dietrich Franz Freiherr Geyr von Schweppenburg[lower-alpha 1] (2 March 1886 – 27 January 1974) was a German cavalry officer in World War I and a general during World War II, noted for his pioneering stance and expertise in the field of armoured warfare.[1][2] He commanded the 5th Panzer Army during the Invasion of Normandy, and later served as Inspector General of Armoured Troops. After the war he was involved in the development of the newly built German Army (Bundeswehr).

Early life and career

Geyr was born in Potsdam and joined the German Army in 1904. In World War I he fought on several fronts and rose to the rank of captain. After the war, he remained in the army, becoming an Oberst in 1932, and a Generalmajor in 1935. From 1933 to 1937, he was a military attaché to the United Kingdom, Belgium and the Netherlands, residing in London. Promoted to Generalleutnant upon his return from London, he took command of the 3rd Panzer (armoured) Division in 1937.

World War II

From 1 September – 7 October 1939 Geyr commanded the 3rd Panzer Division during the invasion of Poland, where it was the most numerically powerful Panzer Division, with 391 tanks.[3] For a victory at Kulm, he was praised by Hitler on the battlefield who had visited the division in recognition for its achievements in Poland.[4] He was promoted to General der Kavallerie of the XXIV Panzer Corps on 15 February 1940. In 1940 he commanded the XXIV Panzer Corps in the Invasion of France. In 1941, in the invasion of the Soviet Union, Geyr’s XXIV Panzer Corps was part of General Heinz Guderian’s Second Panzer Army, which spearheaded the advance of Army Group Centre during the Battle of Moscow. On 9 July 1941, he was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross as General der Panzertruppe.

From 21 July, taking over from the court-martialed Georg Stumme,[5] to 30 September 1942, he was commanding General of the XXXX Panzer Corps, taking part in the fighting in the Caucasus. Geyr was relieved in a command cadre shakeup at the end of September 1942.[5]

In the spring of 1943 Field Marshal Gerd von Rundstedt ordered Geyr to prepare a force of 10 Panzer and motorised infantry divisions. On 19 November 1943 Geyr's command was formalised as Panzer Group West, which had responsibility for the training and formation of all armoured units in the west. This group of armoured divisions near Paris constituted the Germans’ main force of tanks in France. In the event of an Allied landing on the northern French coast, Panzer Group West was expected to counterattack northward and halt the invasion force.[6]

The Allied invasion of Normandy took place on June 6, 1944. By June 8, Geyr moved three panzer divisions northward against British and Canadian forces advancing on the town of Caen.

On 10 June 1944, Royal Air Force aircraft attacked his newly established headquarters at La Caine in Normandy. Geyr was wounded and many of his staff officers were killed, forcing the cancellation of the counterattack.[7]

Geyr’s reinforced tank units managed to prevent the British advance for another month, but he was nevertheless relieved of his command on July 2, after seconding Rundstedt’s request that Hitler authorize a strategic withdrawal from Caen.[8][9][10] He was succeeded by Heinrich Eberbach on July 4 and served as Inspector General of Armoured Troops until the closing phase of the war.[11]

Post-war

Between 1945 and 1947, Geyr was in American captivity. He participated in the work of the U.S. Army Historical Division, whereas, under the guidance of Franz Halder, German generals wrote World War II operational studies for the U.S. Army, first as POWs and then as employees.[12][13] After his release Geyr wrote a memoir of his years in London as a military attaché, Erinnerungen eines Militärattachés, London 1933–1937 (1949), which was translated and published along with additional material covering his life through World War II as The Critical Years (1952). During the early 1950s Geyr was involved in both the development and creation of the newly built German Army (Bundeswehr) of West Germany.[14] Geyr died in Irschenhausen near Munich. He was married to Anais Krausse (* 22. July 1890, Ludwigsburg; † 6. November 1960, Irschenhausen).[15] Their daughter Blanche Freiin Geyr von Schweppenburg (* 24 March 1918; † 21 May 2003) was married to Curt-Christoph von Pfuel (* 2. September 1907, Berlin; † 5. August 2000, Bonn), Prussian assessor, member of the Council of Europe, last Fideikommiss, Lord of Jahnsfelde.[16]

Works and memoirs

Ranks

Awards and decorations

Notes

  1. ↑ Regarding personal names: Freiherr was a title before 1919, but now is regarded as part of the surname. It is translated as Baron. Before the August 1919 abolition of nobility as a legal class, titles preceded the full name when given (Graf Helmuth James von Moltke). Since 1919, these titles, along with any nobiliary prefix (von, zu, etc.), can be used, but are regarded as a dependent part of the surname, and thus come after any given names (Helmuth James Graf von Moltke). Titles and all dependent parts of surnames are ignored in alphabetical sorting. The feminine forms are Freifrau and Freiin.

References

Citations

  1. ↑ Fraser, David (2011). Wars and Shadows: Memoirs of General Sir David Fraser. London: Bloomsbury Publishing. Retrieved 2016-03-17.
  2. ↑ Copp, Terry (2014). Fields of Fire: The Canadians in Normandy: Second Edition. London: University of Toronto Press. p. 84. Retrieved 2016-03-17.
  3. ↑ "Orders of Battle – Heer Divisions including Heavy Panzer Battalions". Historical Society of German Military History. Retrieved 2016-03-17.
  4. ↑ Deutsch, Harold C. (1968). The Conspiracy Against Hitler in the Twilight War. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. pp. 217–218.
  5. 1 2 Glantz & House 2009, p. 25.
  6. ↑ "Leo Geyr von Schwepenburg". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 2016-03-17.
  7. ↑ H. L. Thompson. "New Zealanders with the Royal Air Force". New Zealand Electronic Text Centre.
  8. ↑ Harrison, Gordan A. (2004). US Army in WW II: European Theater of Operations, Cross Channel Attack. Washington, D.C.: United States Army Center of Military History. p. 447. Retrieved 2016-03-18.
  9. ↑ Dennis, Peter (2004). Caen 1944: Montgomery's Break-Out Attempt. Oxford: Osprey Publishing. p. 49. Retrieved 2016-03-18.
  10. ↑ Holderfield, Randy; Varhola, Michael. D-day: The Invasion of Normandy, June 6, 1944. Conshohocken, Pennsylvania: Savas Publishing Company. p. 21. Retrieved 2016-03-18.
  11. ↑ "Leo Geyr von Schwepenburg". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 2016-03-17.
  12. ↑ Kienle 2005.
  13. ↑ Wette 2007, p. 122.
  14. ↑ ""Sage mir, wo die Soldaten sind ..."" (in German). Bundesheer. 2005. Retrieved 2016-03-17.
  15. ↑ "Anais Freifrau Geyr von Schweppenburg". Genealogisches Handbuch des Adels. Limburg an der Lahn: C. A. Starke. 1982. p. 88.
  16. ↑ "Geyr von Schweppenburg". Genealogisches Handbuch des Adels. Limburg an der Lahn: C. A. Starke. 1967. p. 244.
  17. ↑ Fellgiebel 2000, p. 195.
  18. ↑ Scherzer 2007, p. 334.

Bibliography

  • Fellgiebel, Walther-Peer (2000). Die Träger des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939–1945 — Die Inhaber der höchsten Auszeichnung des Zweiten Weltkrieges aller Wehrmachtteile [The Bearers of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939–1945 — The Owners of the Highest Award of the Second World War of all Wehrmacht Branches] (in German). Friedberg, Germany: Podzun-Pallas. ISBN 978-3-7909-0284-6. 
  • Glantz, David M.; House, Jonathan (2009). To the Gates of Stalingrad: Soviet-German Combat Operations, April-August 1942. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas. ISBN 9780700616305. 
  • Kienle, Polly (2005). "Still Fighting for the Myth: German Wehrmacht Officers' Reports for the U.S. Historical Division". H-net.com. Archived from the original on 28 January 2016. 
  • Searle, Alaric (2003). Wehrmacht Generals, West German Society, and the Debate on Rearmament, 1949–1959. Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers. ISBN 978-0-275-97968-3. 
  • Scherzer, Veit (2007). Die Ritterkreuzträger 1939–1945 Die Inhaber des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939 von Heer, Luftwaffe, Kriegsmarine, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm sowie mit Deutschland verbündeter Streitkräfte nach den Unterlagen des Bundesarchives [The Knight's Cross Bearers 1939–1945 The Holders of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939 by Army, Air Force, Navy, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm and Allied Forces with Germany According to the Documents of the Federal Archives] (in German). Jena, Germany: Scherzers Miltaer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-938845-17-2. 
  • Wette, Wolfram (2007). The Wehrmacht: History, Myth, Reality. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press. ISBN 9780674025776. 
Military offices
Preceded by
Generalmajor Ernst Feßmann		 Commander of 3. Panzer-Division
1 September 1939 – 7 October 1939 		Succeeded by
Generalleutnant Horst Stumpff
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