Leon Edel

Cover of volume one of Leon Edel's five-volume biography of Henry James, Avon Books paperback edition 1978

Joseph Leon Edel (9 September 1907 – 5 September 1997) was a North American literary critic and biographer. He was the elder brother of North American philosopher Abraham Edel.[1][2]

The Encyclopædia Britannica calls Edel "the foremost 20th-century authority on the life and works of Henry James."[3] His work on James won him both a National Book Award and a Pulitzer Prize.[4]

Life and career

Edel was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, the son of Fannie (Malamud) and Simon Edel.[5] Edel grew up in Yorkton, Saskatchewan. He attended McGill University and the Université de Paris. While at the former he was associated with the Montreal Group of modernist writers, which included F.R. Scott and A.J.M. Smith, and with them founded the influential McGill Fortnightly Review. Edel taught English and American literature at Sir George Williams University (now Concordia University, 1932–1934), New York University (1960–1972), and at University of Hawaii at Manoa (1972–1978). For the academic year 1965-1966, he was a Fellow on the faculty at the Center for Advanced Studies of Wesleyan University.[6]

Though he wrote on James Joyce (James Joyce: The Last Journey, 1947) and on the Bloomsbury group, his lifework is summed up in his five-volume biography of Henry James (Henry James: A Biography 1953–1972). Edel discussed the notion of biography in literary biography (1957), in particular his conviction that literary biography should enfold a subjective author's self-perceptions into his output. Edel's second and third volumes of the James biography earned him the 1963 Pulitzer Prize for Biography or Autobiography[7] and a National Book Award for Nonfiction[8] in 1963. Edel enjoyed privileged access to letters and documents from James' life housed in the Widener Library at Harvard University, after gaining the blessing of members of James' family.

The discovery of impassioned but inconclusive letters written in 1875–1876 by James to the Russian aristocrat Paul Zhukovski, while Edel was deep in the process of finishing his biography caused an ethical crisis; his decision was to continue to ignore what he considered a peripheral aspect of the self- identified "celibate" and sexually diffident James's life. Edel did treat James's relationships with novelist Constance Fenimore Woolson and sculptor Hendrik Christian Andersen at length, especially in volumes three and four of the biography. After weighing all the evidence, Edel confessed that he was unable to decide whether James experienced a consummated sexual relationship. Although later scholarship and new materials have called into question the accuracy of his portrait of James, Edel's work remains an important source for studies of the author.

"A biography seems irrelevant if it doesn't discover the overlap between what the individual did and the life that made this possible. Without discovering that, you have shapeless happenings and gossip." — Leon Edel

Selected bibliography

Reviews

References

  1. ↑ "Leon Edel". Pabook.libraries.psu.edu. Retrieved 2012-07-26.
  2. ↑ Richard Garnett and Janet Adam Smith (11 September 1997). "Obituary: Professor Leon Edel". The Independent.
  3. ↑ "Leon Edel", Encyclopædia Britannica. Britannica Online. Retrieved 2011-03-18.
  4. ↑ "Leon Edel". InfoPlease.com. Retrieved 2011-03-18.
  5. ↑ http://pabook.libraries.psu.edu/palitmap/bios/Edel__Leon.html
  6. ↑ "Guide to the Center for Advanced Studies Records, 1958 - 1969 Processed by: University Archives staff; machine-readable finding aid created by: Valerie Gillispie <!- OPTIONAL: Sponsor Statement -> &hdrsca; © 2008 Wesleyan University. All Rights Reserved. Machine-readable finding aid derived from XML authoring program. Date of source: June 2008 Description is in English Finding aid was prepared using DACS". Wesleyan.edu. Retrieved 2012-07-26.
  7. ↑ "Biography or Autobiography". Past winners and finalists by category. The Pulitzer Prizes. Retrieved 2012-03-19.
  8. ↑ "National Book Awards – 1963". National Book Foundation. Retrieved 2012-03-19.
    (With acceptance speech by Edel.)

External links

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