Leopold I, Duke of Austria

Leopold I, Duke of Austria

Leopold I (4 August 1290 – 28 February 1326) from the House of Habsburg was Duke of Austria and Styria – as co-ruler with his elder brother Frederick the Fair – from 1308 until his death. Born at Vienna, he was the third son of King Albert I of Germany and Elisabeth of Gorizia-Tyrol, a scion of the Meinhardiner dynasty.

Life

A stained glass portrait of Leopold I of Austria, Königsfelden Monastery, Windisch, Switzerland

After the death of his eldest brother Duke Rudolph III in 1307 and the assassination of King Albert in 1308, Leopold became head of the Habsburg dynasty and administrator of the Swabian home territories, where he started a retaliation campaign against his father's murderers. The energetic man converged with the royal House of Luxembourg and accompanied King Henry VII on his Italian campaign. In 1311 he helped to suppress a Guelph revolt at Milan under Guido della Torre and to lay siege to the city of Brescia.

Upon Emperor Henry's death, he strongly supported his brother Frederick in the 1314 election as King of the Romans. Despite all efforts (and bribes), the Habsburgs only gained the votes of four Prince-electors, while Louis IV of Wittelsbach, with support of the Luxembourgs, was elected by five. In the following armed conflict between the rivals, the forces of Leopold were supportive of his brother's claims. In his ancestral homeland however, he incurred a decisive defeat by the Swiss Confederacy at the 1315 Battle of Morgarten.

When Frederick and their younger brother Henry had been captured at the Battle of Mühldorf in 1322, Leopold struggled for their release. He entered into negotiations with King Louis IV and even surrendered the Imperial Regalia he had kept at Kyburg castle. The parleys failed and Leopold continued to attack the Bavarian forces of Louis, who unsuccessfully laid siege to the Swabian town of Burgau in 1324. After the king had failed to reach the approval of his election by Pope John XXII and was even banned, he released Frederick in 1325. The captive however had to promise to swear his brother to acknowledge Louis as his suzerain, which Leopold refused. Frederick as a man of honour voluntarily returned to the Bavarian court, where he and Louis finally agreed upon a joint rule.

Leopold died in Straßburg shortly afterwards, aged 35. His remains were buried at Königsfelden Monastery in the Swiss town of Windisch in the Aargau.

Marriage and issue

In 1315 Leopold married Catherine (1284–1336), daughter of Count Amadeus V of Savoy. They had two daughters:

1. Catherine (1320–1349), who married Lord Enguerrand VI of Coucy
2. Agnes (1322–1392), married Duke Bolko II the Small of Świdnica.

Ancestry

Ancestors of Leopold I, Duke of Austria

16. Rudolph II, Count of Habsburg               8. Albert IV, Count of Habsburg                       17. Agnes of Staufen               4. Rudolph I of Germany                             18. Ulrich, Count of Kiburg and Dillingen               9. Heilwig of Kiburg                       19. Anna von Zähringen               2. Albert I of Germany                                   20. Burckhard IV, Count of Hohenburg               10. Burckhard V, Count of Hohenburg                       5. Gertrude of Hohenburg                             22. Rudolph II, Count Palatine of Tübingen               11. Mechtild of Tübingen                       1. Leopold I, Duke of Austria                                         24. Engelbert III, Count of Gorizia               12. Meinhard I of Gorizia-Tyrol                       25. Matilda of Andechs               6. Meinhard, Duke of Carinthia                             26. Albert IV, Count of Tyrol               13. Adelaide of Tyrol                       27. Uta of Frontenhausen               3. Elisabeth of Tirol                                   28. Louis I, Duke of Bavaria               14. Otto II Wittelsbach, Duke of Bavaria                       29. Ludmilla of Bohemia               7. Elisabeth of Bavaria                             30. Henry V, Count Palatine of the Rhine               15. Agnes of the Palatinate                       31. Agnes of Hohenstaufen

Popular Culture

Main character in the book series The Forest Knights.