Leptidea reali

Réal's wood white
Male.The end of the abdomen has been removed from this museum specimen to allow correct identification which requires the preparation of a genitalia mount.
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Lepidoptera
Family: Pieridae
Genus: Leptidea
Species: L. reali
Binomial name
Leptidea reali
Reissinger 1989[1]

The Réal's wood white, Leptidea reali, is a butterfly of the Pieridae family.

Appearance, behaviour and distribution

Réal's wood white has been found in many western Europe countries but has not been found in Britain.[2] In Ireland, where it was only positively identified in 2001, it is commoner and far more widespread than the wood white (L. sinapis).[3] Since it looks and behaves like its close relative further research is needed to discover its true distribution, indeed on the continent its current known distribution is suspiciously patchy. The only conclusive way to separate the two species is by close examination of the genitalia.

A 2011 study[4] concludes that L. reali is one of three members of a cryptic species complex which also includes L. sinapis and a new species L. juvernica This study was based on karyotype analysis and analysis of mitochondrial nuclear DNA markers. L. reali was found to occur only in Spain, Italy and Southern France. Leptidea juvernica ranges from Ireland and France in the west to Kazakhstan in the east. Measurements of genitalia for the three species allow separation of these two species from L. sinapis. L .juvernica and L .reali could not be separated based on genitalia measurements. Leptidea juvernica is also named the cryptic wood white.

Field lepidopterists have reported behavioural differences between L. reali and L. sinapis with Réal's being described as a stronger flier and with a preference for more open habitats.[5] It had also been noted that specimens from Ireland thought to L. sinapis had a noticeably stronger green tinge.[6]

L. juvernica, Northern Ireland
Genitalia slide under a microscope.The measurements shown beneath are diagnostic

Lifecycle and foodplants

The lifecycle, flight period and foodplants appear at present to be similar to the wood white.

References

  1. Reissinger (E.), 1989. Checkliste Pieride Duponchel, 1835 der Westpalaearctis, Atalanta, 20, pp. 149-185
  2. "Real's Wood White". Butterfly Conservation. Retrieved 22 June 2010.
  3. "Réal's Wood White". National Museums Northern Ireland. Retrieved 22 June 2010.
  4. Dincă, Vlad; Lukhtanov, Vladimir A.; Talavera, Gerard; Vila, Roger (30 April 2011). "Unexpected layers of cryptic diversity in wood white Leptidea butterflies" (PDF). Nature Communications 2: 324. doi:10.1038/NCOMMS1329.
  5. Barkham, Patrick (2010). The Butterfly Isles. London: Granta. ISBN 1-84708-127-4.
  6. Thomas, Jeremy (1986). Royal Society for Nature Conservation guide to butterflies of the British Isles. Sevenoaks, Kent: Newnes Books. p. 58. ISBN 0600351904.

External links


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