Lev Rebet
| Lev Rebet Лев Ребет | |
|---|---|
|
Lev Rebet in Auschwitz, 1941. | |
| Personal details | |
| Born |
January 1, 1912 Stryi, Ukraine (Halychyna, Austria-Hungary) |
| Died |
October 10, 1957 (aged 45) Munich, West Germany |
| Nationality | Ukrainian |
| Political party | Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists |
| Spouse(s) | Daria |
| Residence | Ukraine, West Germany |
| Occupation | Politician |
| Religion | Greek-Catholic |
Lev Rebet (January 1, 1912 – October 12, 1957) was a Ukrainian political writer and anti-communist during World War II. He was a key cabinet member in the Ukrainian government (backed by Stepan Bandera's faction of OUN) which proclaimed independence on June 30, 1941. For a time, Rebet was the leader of the Ukrainian government.
Early life
Rebet was born in the town of Stryi, in Western Ukraine into a family of Jewish origin.[1][2][3] His father was a postal official. Rebet was both deeply religious as Greek rite Catholic and very physically active from an early age. He was a member of "Plast", the Ukrainian scout organization.
Political Activity
Youth
Rebet joined the Ukrayinska Viyskova Orhanizatsiya - UVO (Ukrainian Military Organization; Ukrainian: Українська Військова Організація) at age 17. This eventually led to membership in the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists, the OUN (Ukrainian: Організація Українських Націоналістів).[4]
Early Political Career
Rebet became a key writer and thinker in the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists, (OUN Ukrainian: Організація Українських Націоналістів), quickly rising to the rank of "Holova Krayovoyi Ekzekutyvy" (Regional Commander, Ukrainian: Провідник Крайової Екзекутиви), a post which he held from 1934 to 1938.[5]
When the OUN split in 1940 into OUN-Melnyk and OUN-Bandera, Rebet joined the OUN-Bandera group.
June 30, 1941
On June 30, 1941 when the OUN proclaimed independence in Lviv occupied by German troops, Rebet became the deputy prime minister of the Ukrainian government, appointed by the prime minister Yaroslav Stetsko.
When Stetsko was arrested, Rebet became acting prime minister of the Government.
Arrest and Internment by the Nazis
In August 1941, Rebet was arrested by the Gestapo. He spent the next 3 years in the Sachsenhausen concentration camp in Zellenbau – a section were political prisoners were kept.[6]
Publications and assassination
Rebet was very active in exile with publications. He worked as the editor of a number of periodicals. In 1949 he completed his doctoral dissertation and in the 1950s took up research and scholarship in the fields of law, politics and sociology. His major works included "The Formation of the Ukrainian Nation" (1951) and "The Theory of Nations" (1956).
He was assassinated on 12 October 1957 in Munich by a KGB agent, Bohdan Stashynsky, using a poison atomizer mist gun.[7] After Rebet was assassinated, his widow Daria continued his work.
Aftermath
The murder of Rebet was at first believed to have been from natural causes. Then, however, Stashynsky defected to West Berlin in 1961 and voluntarily surrendered to West German prosecution.
Explaining what motivated him to kill Rebet, Stashynsky told a court that he had been told that Rebet was “the leading theorist of the Ukrainians in exile,” since “in his newspapers Suchasna Ukrayina (Contemporary Ukraine), Chas (Time), and Ukrayinska Trybuna (Ukrainian Tribune) he not so much provided accounts of daily events as developed primarily ideological issues.”
According to West German Intelligence chief Reinhard Gehlen,
"...Bohdan Stashinskyi, who had been persuaded by his German-born wife Inge to confess to the crimes and take the load off his troubled conscience, stuck resolutely to his statements. His testimony convinced the investigating authorities. He reconstructed the crimes exactly as they had happened, revisiting the crumbling business premises at the Stachus, in the heart of Munich, where Lev Rebet had entered the office of a Ukrainian exile newspaper, his suitcase in his hand. And he showed how the hydrogen cyanide capsule had exploded in Rebet's face and how he had left him slumped over the rickety staircase. The case before the Federal court began on October 8, 1962, and world interest in the incident was revived. Passing sentence eleven days later, the court identified Stashinskyi's unscrupulous employer Shelyepin as the person primarily responsible for the hideous murders, and the defendant -- who had given a highly credible account of the extreme pressure applied to him by the KGB to act as he did -- received a comparatively mild sentence. He served most of it and was released..."[8]
In 1984, Associated Press reported that Bohdan and Inge Stashinsky had been given new identities and had been provided asylum by the Government of South Africa.[9]
References
- ↑ «Бандера и бандеровщина: Попытка честного исследования» Ежеденедельник 2000.
- ↑ «Во Львове перезахоронили близких соратников Бандеры», телеканал ТСН, Украина. Archived December 15, 2013 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ «Во Львове перезахоронили соратника Бандеры», Корреспондент (журнал) Archived May 18, 2013 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ Предтеча української державності. Лев Ребет: політик, вчений, публіцист Archived March 28, 2014 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ Лев Ребет: Забуте ім’я історії | ХайВей Archived February 15, 2012 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ Piotrowski, Tadeusz (1998). Poland's Holocaust: Ethnic Strife, Collaboration with Occupying Forces and Genocide in the Second Republic, 1918–1947. McFarland. p. 212. ISBN 978-0-7864-0371-4.
- ↑ Christopher Andrew and Vasili Mitrokhin. The Sword and the Shield: The Mitrokhin Archive and the Secret History of the KGB Basic Books, 1999. ISBN 978-0-465-00312-9 p. 362
- ↑ Reinhard Gehlen, The Service, World Publishing, 1972. Page 241.
- ↑ "Report Ex-KGB Agent Living in S. Africa". Associated Press. March 5, 1984.
Sources
- (In Russian) Chuyev, Sergei - Ukrainskyj Legion - Moscow, 2006
- (In Ukrainian) Encyclopedia of Ukraine - Munich, 1973, Vol. 7p. 2475
- The Ukrainian Weekly
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