Liberty (goddess)

This article is about goddesses who represent Liberty. For the statue created during the Tiananmen Square protests, see Goddess of Democracy. For other uses, see Goddess of Liberty.

"Lady liberty" redirects here. For other uses, see Lady Liberty.

A goddess named for and representing the concept Liberty has existed in many cultures, including classical examples dating from the Roman Empire to those representing national symbols such as the American Columbia and its Statue of Liberty, an artwork created under the name Liberty Enlightening the World, and the French Marianne.

Classical examples

Denarius (42 BC) issued by Cassius Longinus and Lentulus Spinther, depicting the crowned head of Libertas, with a sacrificial jug and Lituus on the reverse

The ancient Roman goddess Libertas was honored during the second Punic War by a temple erected on the Aventine Hill in Rome by the father of Tiberius Gracchus. A statue in her honor also was raised by Clodius on the site of Marcus Tullius Cicero's house after it had been razed. The figure bears certain resemblances to Sol Invictus, the late Roman Republic sun deity and the crown often associated with that deity often appears in modern depictions of Liberty.

Neoclassical references

In 1793, during the French Revolution, the Notre Dame de Paris cathedral was turned into a "Cult of Reason" and, for a time, "Lady Liberty" replaced the Virgin Mary on several altars.

Depictions in the United States

In the United States, "Liberty" often is depicted with five-pointed stars, as appear on the American flag, usually held in a raised hand. Another hand may hold a sword pointing downward. Depictions familiar to Americans include the following:

The monumental Statue of Liberty, created as "Liberty Englightening the World", its replicas, and its portrayal on a number of postage stamps.
Many denominations of American coins have depicted Liberty in both bust side-view and full-figure designs; see also Seated Liberty dollar
The flags of the States of New York and New Jersey (along with various signs and government-owned items bearing the Seal of New Jersey)
On the dome of the U.S. Capitol as Freedom
On the dome of the Georgia State Capitol as Miss Freedom
On the dome of the Texas State Capitol
On the dome of the Allen County Courthouse in Fort Wayne, Indiana
On the dome of the Bergen County Courthouse in Hackensack, New Jersey^[1]
On both Union and Confederacy currency

References

↑ "Places We Call Home: Hackensack, N.J.". FDU Magazine. Fall 2001. Retrieved 2008-11-04.

External links

Liberty

Concepts	Positive liberty Negative liberty Cognitive liberty Social liberty Rights Free will Moral responsibility Goddess of Liberty

By type	Academic Civil Economic Intellectual Morphological Political Scientific

By right	Assembly Association Choice Education Information Movement Press Religion Public speech Thought

National personifications

Argentina Effigies of Argentina Armenia Mother Armenia Australia Boxing kangaroo Little Boy from Manly Bangladesh Mother Bengal Belgium Leo Belgicus Brazil Efígie da República Cambodia Preah Thong and Neang Neak Canada Johnny Canuck China Yanhuang Czech Republic Čechie Czech Vašek Švejk Denmark Holger Danske Finland Finnish Maiden France Marianne Georgia Kartvlis Deda Germany Deutscher Michel Germania Greece Athena "Greece" of Delacroix Iceland Lady of the Mountain India Bharat Mata Indonesia Ibu Pertiwi Ireland Ériu Hibernia Kathleen Ni Houlihan Israel Srulik Italy Italia turrita Japan Amaterasu Kenya Wanjiku Korea Dangun Ungnyeo Malta Melita Netherlands Dutch Maiden New Zealand Zealandia Norway Ola Nordmann Philippines Juan dela Cruz Maria Clara Poland Polonia Portugal Efígie da República Zé Povinho Russia Mother Russia Serbia Mother Serbia Kosovo Maiden Spain Hispania Sweden Mother Svea Switzerland Helvetia Ukraine Cossack Mamay United Kingdom Britannia John Bull Dame Wales United States Brother Jonathan Columbia Lady Liberty Uncle Sam Billy Yank Northern states Johnny Reb Southern states

Other symbols of Liberty

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