Lindsey Buckingham

Lindsey Buckingham

Lindsey Buckingham performing with Fleetwood Mac on March 3, 2009
Background information
Birth name Lindsey Adams Buckingham
Born (1949-10-03) October 3, 1949
Palo Alto, California, U.S.
Genres Rock, pop, new wave
Occupation(s) Musician, singer-songwriter, record producer
Instruments
Years active 1968–present
Labels Reprise, Polydor, Mercury, Elektra, Asylum, Buckingham Records
Associated acts Fleetwood Mac, Buckingham Nicks, Richard Dashut, Walter Egan, John Stewart
Website lindseybuckingham.com
Notable instruments

Lindsey Adams Buckingham (born October 3, 1949) is an American musician, singer, songwriter, and producer, best known as lead guitarist and one of the vocalists of the musical group Fleetwood Mac from 1975 to 1987, and then 1997 to the present day. Aside from his tenure with Fleetwood Mac, Buckingham has also released six solo albums and three live albums. As a member of Fleetwood Mac, he was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1998. In 2011, Buckingham was ranked 100th in Rolling Stone Magazine's 2011 list of "The 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time".[1] Buckingham is known for his fingerpicking guitar style.

Fleetwood Mac, the band that gave Buckingham his greatest exposure, had been around since the late 1960s, best known as a British blues outfit as led by Peter Green. After Green left the group, they experienced several tumultuous years, without a stable frontman. Along with his then-girlfriend Stevie Nicks, Buckingham was invited to join Fleetwood Mac in 1975; the pair were recording in the same studio, and Fleetwood Mac had been without a guitarist or male lead vocal at the time. Buckingham and Nicks became the face of the group during their most commercially successful period, highlighted by the multi-platinum Rumours album, which would sell over 40 million copies worldwide. Though highly successful, the line-up experienced almost constant creative and personal conflict, and Buckingham left the band in 1987 to pursue a solo career.

A one-off reunion at the 1993 inauguration ball for President Bill Clinton would initiate some rapprochement between the former band members, with Buckingham performing some vocals on one track of their 1995 album Time, and rejoining the band full-time in 1997 for the live tour and album The Dance. Buckingham has remained in the band ever since.

Early years

Born in Palo Alto, California, Lindsey Adams Buckingham was the third and youngest child of Rutheda (née Elliott) and Morris Buckingham. He had two older brothers, Jeff and Greg. Growing up in the San Francisco Bay Area community of Atherton, Buckingham and his brothers were encouraged to swim competitively. Though Buckingham dropped out of athletics to pursue music, his brother Greg went on to win a silver medal at the 1968 Olympics in Mexico City. Buckingham attended San Jose State University but did not graduate.

Buckingham's first forays into guitar playing took place on a toy Mickey Mouse guitar, playing along to his brother Jeff's extensive collection of 45s. Noticing his talent, Buckingham's parents bought their son a $35 Harmony guitar.

Buckingham never took guitar lessons and does not read music.[2] By age 13, he became interested in folk music and, influenced by banjo methods, practiced the energetic style of the Kingston Trio. From 1966-1971, Buckingham performed psychedelic and folk rock with the band Fritz in the San Francisco Bay as a bassist and vocalist. Shortly after joining Fritz, Buckingham invited friend Nicks to join Fritz as a second vocalist. Their romantic relationship would begin after both left Fritz five years later.[3]

Buckingham Nicks

Stevie Nicks and Lindsey Buckingham on the Say You Will Tour in 2003

Buckingham and his then-girlfriend Stevie Nicks recorded seven demos in 1972 on a one-inch 4-track Ampex recorder kept at his father's coffee roasting plant in Daly City, then drove to Los Angeles to pursue a record deal.[4][5] In 1973, Polydor Records signed the pair. Their album, produced by Keith Olsen and second engineer Richard Dashut, Buckingham Nicks, was released in September 1973; soon after its release, however, Polydor dropped the duo because of poor sales. To help make ends meet, Buckingham toured with Don Everly's backing band, singing Phil Everly's parts.[6]

Buckingham and Nicks began a short tour promoting the Buckingham Nicks album, shortly after joining Fleetwood Mac. The touring band included drummers Bob Aguirre (from Fritz) and Gary Hodges playing simultaneously and bassist Tom Moncrieff, who later played bass on Stevie Nicks' 1981 album Bella Donna. When they played in Alabama, the one area where they saw appreciable sales, they told their fans they had just joined Fleetwood Mac.[7]

Buckingham Nicks has never been released on a legitimate CD.

Fleetwood Mac

While investigating Sound City recording studio in California, Mick Fleetwood heard the song "Frozen Love" from the Buckingham Nicks album. Impressed, he asked who the guitarist was. By chance, Buckingham and Nicks were also in Sound City recording demos, and Buckingham and Fleetwood were introduced. When Bob Welch left Fleetwood Mac in December 1974, Fleetwood immediately contacted Buckingham and offered him the vacant guitar slot in his band. Buckingham told Fleetwood that he and Nicks were a team and that he didn't want to work without her. Fleetwood agreed to hire both of them, without an audition.

Fleetwood Mac released their eponymously titled album in 1975, which reached number one in the American charts. However it was the second album of this new line-up, Rumours, that propelled the band to superstar status, when it became one of the best-selling albums of all time. Buckingham's "Go Your Own Way" was the lead-off single, soaring into the US Top Ten. After the resounding commercial success of Rumours (during the making of which Buckingham and Nicks famously split), Buckingham was determined to avoid falling into repeating the same musical pattern. The result was Tusk (1979), a double album that Buckingham primarily directed. Once again, Buckingham wrote the lead-off single, the title track that would peak at #8 on Billboard's Hot 100. It was during this time that Buckingham moved in with record company secretary and aspiring model, Carol Ann Harris, with whom he lived until 1984. Though by most standards a hit, Tusk failed to come close to Rumours record sales, and the album was followed by a hiatus in the band's studio recording efforts.

After a large world tour that ended in 1980, Fleetwood Mac took a year-long break before reconvening to record their next album Mirage (1982), a more pop-friendly work that returned the band to the top of the US album chart. However, by this time various members of the band were enjoying success as solo artists (particularly Nicks) and it would be five years before the release of the next Fleetwood Mac album. By the time Tango in the Night was released in 1987, Buckingham had already released two solo albums and had given up much of the material for what would have been his third solo album for the project, including "Big Love", "Tango in the Night", "Family Man", "You and I" and "Caroline". On several of these tracks Buckingham played every instrument . "Big Love", released as the first single from the album, became a top ten hit in the US and the UK.

Propelled by a string of hit singles, Tango in the Night became the band's biggest album since Rumours a decade earlier. However, following its release, Buckingham left Fleetwood Mac[8] largely because of his desire not to tour and the strain he was feeling within the band. "I needed to get some separation from Stevie especially, because I don't think I'd ever quite gotten closure on our relationship," he said. "I needed to get on with the next phase of my creative growth and my emotional growth. When you break up with someone and then for the next 10 years you have to be around them and do for them and watch them move away from you, it's not easy." [9] Fleetwood Mac continued without him, and Buckingham was replaced by guitarists Rick Vito and Billy Burnette.

Solo projects

During the time he worked on Tusk, Buckingham also produced albums for Walter Egan and John Stewart in the late 1970s as well as beginning work on his own solo album.

In 1981, Buckingham released his first solo album Law and Order, playing nearly every instrument and featuring guest appearances by bandmates Mick Fleetwood and Christine McVie. The album pursued the quirky, eclectic, often lo-fi and New Wave influences of Tusk and spawned the single "Trouble" (inspired by Richard Dashut), which reached #9 on the Billboard Hot 100 and #1 in Australia (for three weeks). Two years later he wrote and performed the songs "Holiday Road" and "Dancin' Across the USA" for the film National Lampoon's Vacation. "Holiday Road" was released as a single, and reached #82 on Billboard's Hot 100. He did other soundtrack work, including the song "Time Bomb Town" from Back to the Future (1985). Buckingham played all of the instruments on the track except drums, which were played by Michael Huey.

In 1984, after ending his 7-year relationship with Carol Ann Harris, he released his second solo album, Go Insane. The title track was a modest hit, reaching #23 on the Hot 100. In 2008 he revealed the title track was about his post break-up relationship with Stevie Nicks, however Buckingham's ex-girlfriend Carol Ann Harris claimed in her memoir "Storms" that the song was written about her breakup with Buckingham. The last track of the album, "D. W. Suite", was a tribute to the late Beach Boys drummer Dennis Wilson.[10] The next year, Buckingham performed on USA for Africa's fundraising single, "We Are the World".

Following his split with Fleetwood Mac in 1987, Buckingham spent much of the next five years in the studio, working on his third solo album, Out of the Cradle, which was released in 1992. Many of the songs deal with his relationship with Nicks and his decision to leave the band. "There were things lingering for years having to do with relationships and the band, hurtful things, that were impossible to deal with until I left. If you were in a relationship and split up, then had to see that person every day for the next 15 years, it might keep you from dealing with some of those things. While we made Rumours (in 1977) there were two couples breaking up in the band (Buckingham and Nicks, and John and Christine McVie), and we had to say, "This is an important thing we're doing, so we've got to put this set of feelings on this side of the room and get on with it.'" And when you do that long enough you forget that those feelings are even there. On this album, I'm putting all these feelings in the healthiest possible perspective and that, looking at it broadly, is a lot of what the album is dealing with. It's a catharsis, absolutely."[11] "Wrong" was a gentle rebuke of former bandmate Mick Fleetwood's tell-all biography. Out of the Cradle received some favorable reviews but did not achieve the sales levels associated with Fleetwood Mac. However, Buckingham toured throughout 1992–93 for the first time as a solo artist; his band included an army of seven other guitarists (Buckingham himself calls them "the crazy band" on his Soundstage DVD), each of whom he individually taught the entire two-and-a-half hours of music from the concert (Lindsey Buckingham: Behind the Music documentary for VH-1, 2001).

A subsequent fourth solo album, entitled Gift of Screws, was recorded between 1995–2001 and presented to Warner Bros./Reprise for release. Executives at the label managed to persuade Buckingham to hold the album back and instead take several tracks from Gift of Screws and use them with Fleetwood Mac. Thus, seven songs from Gift of Screws appear on the Fleetwood Mac album Say You Will, in substantially the same form as Buckingham had recorded them for his solo release. Bootleg copies of Gift of Screws—taken from an original CD-R presented to Warner Bros/Reprise—are known to exist and have been widely distributed among fans through the use of torrent sites and other peer-to-peer networks.

Buckingham performing at the Neighborhood Theatre, Charlotte, NC, July 31, 2012

On his 57th birthday, October 3, 2006, Buckingham's fourth solo album, an acoustic album now entitled Under the Skin, was released. Under The Skin features Buckingham on almost all instruments, with the exception of two tracks that feature Fleetwood Mac's rhythm section of John McVie and Mick Fleetwood. The album includes a cover of the Rolling Stones classic "I Am Waiting". Three days after the album's release, Buckingham embarked on a tour in support the album that lasted until the end of June 2007.[12] A live album and DVD, Live at the Bass Performance Hall, was released documenting the Fort Worth, Texas show from this tour.[13]

In 2008 the Gift of Screws album was finally released, containing three tracks from the originally planned album, as well as seven new recordings. Buckingham then commenced a short tour to promote Gift of Screws in September and October, opening in Saratoga, California and closing in New York City.[14]

On November 3, 2010, Buckingham's website announced that he was working on an untitled album with release planned in early 2011.[15] Buckingham had finished recording the album, titled Seeds We Sow in April, and on April 22, 2011, he filmed a concert for DVD release to support the album. Seeds We Sow was released on September 6, 2011.[16] On September 10, Buckingham kicked off the Seeds We Sow Tour in Reno, Nevada; the tour ended in Tulsa, Oklahoma, on November 14. Buckingham had planned to conduct his first solo tour of the United Kingdom and Ireland in December. However, in early December, Buckingham postponed all UK dates due to his guitarist suffering a back injury.[17] The UK dates were subsequently cancelled.

Buckingham began a "solo" (no backing band) tour of the United States on May 3, 2012, in Solana Beach, California.[18] and in November 2012 released a completely solo live album "One Man Show" via download at iTunes that was recorded from a single night in Des Moines, Iowa. "One Man Show" was released on Buckingham's own label Buckingham Records LLC.[19]

Rejoining Fleetwood Mac

In 1992, newly elected president Bill Clinton asked Fleetwood Mac to come together to perform the song he had chosen for his campaign, the Christine McVie-penned "Don't Stop", at his inaugural ceremony. Buckingham agreed to be part of the performance, but the experience was something of a one-off for the band, who were still very much at odds with one another and had no plans to reunite officially.

While assembling material for a planned fourth solo album in the mid-1990s, Buckingham contacted Mick Fleetwood for assistance on a song. Their collaboration lasted much longer than anticipated, and the two eventually decided to call upon Stevie Nicks, John and Christine McVie. The band's old chemistry was clearly still there, and plans for a reunion tour were soon in the works. In 1997, Buckingham and all four of his bandmates from the Rumours-era line-up of Fleetwood Mac went on the road for the first time together since 1982 in a reunion tour titled The Dance. The tour was hugely successful and did much to heal the damage that had been done between Buckingham and his bandmates. However, Christine McVie left the band in 1998 because of her fear of flying and to be with her family in the UK,[20] thus making the band now a foursome. In 2003, the reformed band released the first studio album involving Buckingham and Nicks in 15 years, Say You Will. Buckingham's song "Peacekeeper" was the first single from the album, and the band went on a world concert tour that would last almost a year and a half.

The band toured in 2009, with the first date of the "UNLEASHED" Tour as March 1, 2009, in Mellon Arena (Pittsburgh). Christine McVie was not involved with this project. As of 2013, Fleetwood Mac is again touring as a four-piece band throughout North America, Europe, and the UK; the "Live World" tour commenced on April 4, 2013, in Columbus, Ohio. On April 30, the band released their first new studio material since 2003's Say You Will via digital download on iTunes with the four-track EP containing three new songs from Buckingham and one new song from the Buckingham Nicks sessions ("Without You").

Musical style

Unlike most rock guitarists, Buckingham does not play with a pick; instead, he picks the strings with his fingers and fingernails. Initially after joining Fleetwood Mac, Buckingham used a Gibson Les Paul. Before the band, a Fender Telecaster was his main guitar, and was used on his first Fleetwood Mac album.[21] In 1979, he worked with Rick Turner, owner of Renaissance Guitars to create the Model One. He has used it extensively since, both with Fleetwood Mac and for his solo efforts. He uses a Taylor Guitar 814ce for most of his acoustic performances and has also used an Ovation Celebrity in the past.

In the 80s, he also extensively used the Fairlight CMI.[22]

His influences include the Beach Boys and the Kingston Trio.

In an interview with Guitar World Acoustic Magazine, Buckingham said:

I've always believed that you play to highlight the song, not to highlight the player. The song is all that matters. There are two ways you can choose to go. You can try to be someone like Eddie Van Halen, who is a great guitarist, a virtuoso. Yet he doesn't make good records because what he plays is totally lost in the context of this band's music. Then there are guitar players like Chet Atkins, who weren't out there trying to show themselves off as guitarists per se, but were using the guitar as a tool to make good records. I remember loving Chet's work when I was a kid, but it was only later, when I really listened to his guitar parts, that I realized how much they were a part of the song's fabric, and how much you'd be going 'Oh, that song just isn't working' if they weren't there.[23]

And in another interview to Guitar World, he said about using his fingers rather than a plectrum:

Well, it's not really a choice at all. It's just, you know, I started playing very young and from early on, the people I was listening to had some element of finger style. Probably the first guitarist I was emulating was Scotty Moore, when I was maybe 6 or 7. And he played with a pick, but he also used fingers. And a lot of the session players, like Chet Atkins, they played with fingers or a pick. Then I listened to a certain amount of light classical guitar playing. And of course later on, when the first wave of rock 'n' roll kind of fell away, folk music was very popular and very influential in my style. So it was really less of a choice than what I fell into. I use a pick occasionally. I certainly use it more in the studio when you want to get a certain tone. But it's just the way I came up. I wasn't taught. I just sort of figured things out on my own terms. I guess that was one of the ways that I became comfortable and it just kind of set in.[24]

Personal life

On July 8, 1998, Buckingham's girlfriend, Kristen Messner, gave birth to their son, William Gregory Buckingham. Buckingham and Messner subsequently married in 2000, when Messner was 30 and Buckingham was 51; she gave birth to a daughter, Leelee, the same year. Their third child, Stella, was born on April 20, 2004. The song "It Was You" from his Under the Skin album pays homage to all three children by using their names.

In popular culture

Buckingham has been portrayed by Bill Hader in a recurring sketch titled "What Up with That" on NBC's Saturday Night Live. He appeared as himself on the May 14, 2011 episode during this sketch.[25]

Discography

As Buckingham Nicks

Year Album US UK Additional information
1973 Buckingham Nicks - - Debut album featuring duo of Buckingham and partner Stevie Nicks. Both would later join Fleetwood Mac, after this album failed commercially and label Polydor dropped them as they were recording tracks for follow-up LP.

With Fleetwood Mac

Albums

Year Album U. S. UK AUS CAN GER SWI AUT SWE FRA RIAA certification[26]
1975 Fleetwood Mac 1 23 3 15 - - - - - 5× Platinum
1977 Rumours 1 1 1 1 6 - 25 19 27 20x Platinum
1979 Tusk 4 1 2 2 3 - 4 8 6 2× Platinum
1982 Mirage 1 5 2 4 12 - - 10 5 2× Platinum
1987 Tango in the Night 7 1 5 2 2 7 25 1 25 3× Platinum
2003 Say You Will 3 6 24 - 10 51 - 8 - Gold
2013 Extended Play 48 - - - - - - - -

Live albums and compilations

Year Album U. S. UK AUS CAN GER SWI AUT SWE FRA RIAA certifications
1980 Live 14 31 20 - 51 - - 50 - Gold
1988 Greatest Hits 14 3 3 - - 18 - 15 - 8× Platinum
1997 The Dance 1 15 4 19 20 - - 39 - 5× Platinum
2002 The Very Best of Fleetwood Mac 12 6 16 - - - - 18 - Platinum
2004 Live in Boston 84 - - - - - - - - -

DVD and video releases

Solo albums

Year Album US UK[27] SWE CAN Additional information
1981 Law and Order 32 - - 27[28] -
1984 Go Insane 45 154 33 - -
1992 Out of the Cradle 128 51 28 70 -
2006 Under the Skin 80 - - - -
2008 Live at the Bass Performance Hall 186 - 48 - -
Gift of Screws 48 59 35 - -
2011 Seeds We Sow 45 82 - 92 -
Songs from the Small Machine: Live in L.A at Saban Theatre in Beverly Hills, CA / 2011 - - - - -
2012 One Man Show - - - - -

Soundtrack appearances

Year Song Soundtrack Additional information
1983 "Holiday Road" National Lampoon's Vacation -
"Dancing Across the USA" -
1985 "Time Bomb Town" Back to the Future -
"Trouble" Just One of the Guys -
1994 "On the Wrong Side" With Honors -
1996 "Twisted" Twister Duet with Stevie Nicks
2005 "Shut Us Down" Elizabethtown Uncut version
2006 "Big Love" Elizabethtown Vol 2 Live soundstage performance
2012 "Sick of You" This Is 40 -
"Brother and Sister" featuring Norah Jones
"She Acts Like You" -
2015 "Holiday Road" Vacation -

Singles

Year Song US Hot 100 US Mainstream
Rock		 AAA Charts UK Singles AUS Singles Adult Contemporary Canadian Top 100 Album
1981 "Trouble" 9 12 - 31 1 14 7[29] Law and Order
"It Was I" 110 - - - 74 - -
1983 "Holiday Road" 82 - - - - - - National Lampoon's Vacation soundtrack
1984 "Go Insane" 23 4 - - 100 - 57 Go Insane
"Slow Dancing" 106 - - - - - -
1992 "Wrong" - 23 - - - - 50 Out of the Cradle
"Countdown" - 38 - - - 32 29
"Soul Drifter" - - - - - 38 -
1993 "Don't Look Down" - - - - - - 59
2006 "Show You How" - - - - - - - Under the Skin
2008 "Did You Miss Me" - - 45 - - - - Gift of Screws
"Gift of Screws EP" - - - - - - -
2011 "Holiday Road" (Live) - - - 168 - - - Used on the Teletext Holidays advert in the UK
"Seeds We Sow" - - - - - - - Seeds We Sow
"In Our Own Time" - - - - - - -
"When She Comes Down" - - - - - - -
"The End Of Time" - - - - - - -
2015 "Holiday Road" - - - - - - - as a digital download with Dancin' Across The USA

DVD releases

Music promo videos

References

  1. ↑ "The 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time". Rolling Stone. Retrieved 2012-01-20.
  2. ↑ "Fleetwood Mac • Lindsey Buckingham • The Band • The Music • The Legacy". Fleetwoodmac.org. Retrieved 2012-02-29.
  3. ↑ "Fritz". The Penguin Biographies. Martin Adelson and Lisa Adelson. Retrieved 24 May 2014.
  4. ↑ Fred Schruers (October 30, 1997). "Back on the Chain Gang". Rolling Stone. Retrieved June 2, 2010.
  5. ↑ Jackson, Blair (February 1, 2011). "Music: Lindsey Buckingham in Two Worlds". Mix.
  6. ↑ Perusse, Bernard (April 5, 2007). com/montrealgazette/qas/story.html?id=d354a63f-5956-4b0a-9da3-2efbd2879f45 "Q&A with Lindsey Buckingham" Check |url= value (help). Montreal Gazette.
  7. ↑ Furman, Leah (2003). Rumours Exposed: The Unauthorized Biography of Fleetwood Mac. Citadel Press. pp. 80–81. ISBN 978-0-8065-2472-6.
  8. ↑ "Fleetwood: My Life and Adventures with Fleetwood Mac" by Mick Fleetwood and Stephen Davis
  9. ↑ Cleveland Plain Dealer, 5/2003 http://bla.fleetwoodmac.net/index.php?page=index_v2&id=439&c=18
  10. ↑ "Madness Fades - Lindsey Buckingham, In His Words". Web. archive.org. 2007-09-22. Archived from the original on 2007-09-22. Retrieved 2012-02-29.
  11. ↑ http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1992-06-14/entertainment/9202230036_1_fleetwood-mac-tusk-survival-move/2Chicago Tribune, June 14, 1992
  12. ↑ "The 2006-2007 Lindsey Shows". Fmlegacy.com. Retrieved 2012-02-29.
  13. ↑ "Reuters Press Release". Reuters.com. 2008-02-05. Retrieved 2012-02-29.
  14. ↑ "The 2008 Lindsey Shows". Fleetwoodmac-uk.com. Retrieved 2012-02-29.
  15. ↑ "Home". Lindsey Buckingham. Retrieved 2012-02-29.
  16. ↑ Dean Goodman (April 12, 2011). "Lindsey Buckingham gearing up for new album, tour". Reuters. Retrieved 2011-12-11.
  17. ↑ "UK Tour Dates Postponed". Lindsey Buckingham. Retrieved 2012-02-29.
  18. ↑ "LINDSEY TAKING HIS SOLO ACT ON THE ROAD STARTING MAY 3 IN SOLANA BEACH, CA". Lindsey Buckingham. Retrieved 2013-02-15.
  19. ↑ "Still Going Insane . A Lindsey Buckingham Resource". Fleetwoodmac-uk.com. 2012-12-03. Retrieved 2013-02-15.
  20. ↑ "Stevie Nicks Reveals Why Christine McVie Really Left Fleetwood Mac". Yahoo. The Insider. 20 November 2014. Retrieved 21 February 2016.
  21. ↑ http://www.mwe3.com/archive/pastfeature/featureLindseyBuckingham08.htm
  22. ↑ Graham, Sam. "Lindsey Buckingham: Personal Brinksmanship and State-of-the-Art Subconscious". The Blue Letter Archives. The Penguin. Retrieved April 12, 2015.
  23. ↑ "Rolling Thunder by Askold Buk in 90's Guitar World Acoustic edition". pt. scribd.com. 2012-05-16. Retrieved 2012-02-29.
  24. ↑ "Interview: Lindsey Buckingham Discusses Turner Guitars and His New Album, 'Seeds We Sow'". www. guitarworld.com. 2012-09-21. Retrieved 2012-09-22.
  25. ↑ Navaroli, Joel. "SNL Archives - Episodes - Details". The SNL Archives. Retrieved February 10, 2014.
  26. ↑ "RIAA Gold and Platinum Search for albums by Fleetwood Mac". Riaa.com. Retrieved 2012-02-29.
  27. ↑ UK Official Charts Archive
  28. ↑ "RPM Top Albums/CDs". Library and Archives Canada. Canada.ca. Retrieved April 27, 2016.
  29. ↑ "RPM 50 Singles - Dec. 26, 1981". Library and Archives. Canada.ca. Retrieved April 27, 2016.

External links

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