List of abolitionist forerunners
Thomas Clarkson, the pioneering abolitionist, prepared a “map” of the “streams” of “forerunners and coadjutors” of the abolitionist movement, which he published in his work, The History of the Rise, Progress, and Accomplishment of the Abolition of the African Slave-Trade by the British Parliament published in 1808. The map shows streams with various branches that led to the late-eighteenth century movement that convinced the British Parliament to ban the slave trade. The list below is taken from Clarkson’s map.
No women appear to be on the list, although many others were involved in the movement including Hannah More, Joanna Baillie, and Anna Laetitia Barbauld. James Oglethorpe does not appear on the list, even though he and other Georgia Trustees prohibited slavery in the Province of Georgia. Oglethorpe later collaborated in opposing the slave trade with Granville Sharp, who Clarkson describes as “the father of the cause in England.”
Many others who warrant mention may not acknowledged in Clarkson’s list. A section is provided below for the addition of other forerunners. For a more comprehensive list that includes subsequent periods, see List of abolitionists.
Some on the Clarkson’s map are not viewed from the modern historical perspective as forerunners to abolition of the slave trade, such as Thomas Jefferson and George Whitefield.
Clarkson’s list
List of “forerunners and coajutors” on map:
Various forerunners to 1787:
- Cardinal Ximenez de Cisneros
- Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor
- Elizabeth I
- Pope Leo X
- Louis XIII
- Hill (Hill’s Naval History)
- Richard Baxter
- Morgan Godwyn
- Southern (poet)
- Thomas Tryon
- Richard Steele
- Dr. Primatt
- Montesquieu
- Alexander Pope
- James Thomson
- Francis Hutcheson
- John Atkins
- Rousseau
- Richard Savage
- Foster
- Griffith Hughes
- Wallis
- Bishop Hayter
- William Shenstone
- John Dyer
- Edmund Burke
- Adam Smith
- Malachi Postlethwaite (not known if this is Malachy Postlethwayt, a defender of African trade)
- Laurence Sterne
- Thomas Jeffery
- William Warburton
- Granville Sharp
- James Beattie
- John Bicknell (Bickness?)
- Thomas
- John Wesley
- David Hartley
- Sir George Saville
- Abbe Liévin-Bonaventure Proyart
- Millan
- Robertson
- Abbe Raynal
- Dr. William Paley
- Thomas Day
- Bishop Porteus
- G. Wakefield
- William Cowper
- Dr. Gregory
- James Ramsay
- Jacques Necker
- John Chubb and George White (Bridgewater Petition, 1785)
- James Currie
- Captain J. S. Smith
- William Roscoe
- Edward Rushton
Early Quakers in England:
Quakers in America: Quakers of Pennsylvania dating from 1688:
- William Burling
- Ralph Sandiford
- Benjamin Lay
- John Woolman
- Quakers of New England, New York, Maryland (mid-1700s)
- Anthony Benezet
- William Dillwyn
- Quakers of Virginia, Carolina, and Georgia:
- Warner Mifflin
- James Pemberton
- George Whitefield
- Judge Sewel (Sewall)
- Benjamin Rush
- Winchester
Various Quakers in England and America:
- Benjamin Franklin
- Thomas Jefferson
- John Jay
- William Dillwyn
- Joseph Woods (Sr.)
- Samuel Hoare
- George Harrison
- Dr. Thomas Knowles
- John Lloyd
- David Barclay
- James Phillips
- Joseph Gurney Bevan
Others, up to 1787:
- Dr. Peckard (probably Peter)
- Thomas Clarkson
- Bennet Langton
- Lord Scarsdale
- Dr. Baker
- Richard Phillips
- Sheldon
- Sir Charles Middleton
- Sir Herbert Mackworth
- William Wilberforce
- John Villiers
- Powys (Lord Lilford) (possibly 1st baron)
- Sir Richard Hill (possibly 2nd Baronet)
- Lord Balgonie (Leven)
- L. Hawkins Browne
Abolition forerunners not listed on the Clarkson map
External links
Thomas Clarkson “map” http://www2.vcdh.virginia.edu/emancipation/TCAbolMap/clarkson.html