List of Germans who resisted Nazism

Wolfgang Abendroth's grave

Alexander Abusch (1966)

Anton Ackermann in Leipzig, May 1, 1950

Memorial in Berlin-Bohnsdorf for seven Bohnsdorfers killed resisting the nazi govern­ment. The caption reads: Brought to death, yet see: we live

This list contains the names of individuals involved in the German Resistance against Nazism, but is not a complete list. Names are periodically added, but not all names are known. There are both men and women on this list of Widerstandskämpfer ("Resistance fighters") primarily German, some Austrian or from elsewhere, who risked or lost their lives in a number of ways. They tried to overthrow the National Socialist regime, they denounced its war criminals, tried to prevent World War II and sabotaged German attacks on other countries. Some tried to protect those who were being harmed and persecuted by the Nazis, others merely refused to contribute to the Nazi war effort. Most of those on the list worked with others; their affiliated resistance group or groups are listed. Where no group is mentioned, the individual acted alone.

Contents 

• A
• B
• C
• D
• E
• F
• G
• H
• I
• J
• K
• L
• M
• N
• O
• P
• Q
• R
• S
• T
• U
• V
• W
• X
• Y
• Z

A

• Anton Ackermann (real name: Eugen Hanisch, 25 December 1905 Thalheim, Saxony - 4 May 1973 East Berlin) was an East German
• Wilhelm Abegg (1876–1951) Deutsche Demokratische Partei (DDP), National Committee for a Free Germany in Switzerland
• Wolfgang Abendroth (1906–1985) KPO, Neu Beginnen, ELAS
• Friedrich Ablass (1894–1949) DDP
• Robert Abshagen (1911–1944), KPD
• Alexander Abusch (1902–1982), KPD
• Frieda Adam (1918–2013)
• Adolf Althoff (1913–1998)
• Maria Althoff
• Alfred Althus (1888–1943), SPD, supporter of Polish resistance group organized by Ignaz Hulka
• Günter Ammon (1918–1995), White Rose
• Etkar André (1894–1936), KPD^[1]
• Victor Andersen (1908–1995), SPD
• Willy Anker (1885–1960), SPD
• Rosa Aschenbrenner (1885–1967), Rote Hilfe Deutschlands
• Judith Auer (1905–1944), Saefkow-Jacob-Bästlein Organization
• Walter Auerbach (1905–1975) SPD, International Transport Workers' Federation
• Hermann Axen (1916–1992), KPD

B

Bernhard Bästlein, 1964 stamp from the GDR

Herbert Baum, 1930 portrait from a photograph

Hans Beimler and fight scene of the International Brigades in the background

Hans Berger

Hermann Böse

German stamp on the occasion of Eugen Bolz' 125th birthday

Dietrich Bonhoeffer

Willy Brandt

East German stamp from 1971 depicting Willi Bredel

Postage stamp, GDR, 1974

Dr. Hermann Brill

Ernst Busch (actor)

• Bruno Bachler, Edelweißpiraten
• Kurt Bachmann (1909–1997), KPD
• Lagi Gräfin von Ballestrem (1909–1955), Solf Circle
• Herbert Balzer (1897–1945), KPD
• Karl Baier (1887–1973), Rote Hilfe
• Erich Baron (1881–1931), KPD
• Karl Barth (1886–1968), theologian, Confessing Church
• Heinz Bartsch (1906–1944), KPD
• Bernhard Bästlein (1894–1944), Bästlein-Jacob-Abshagen Group and Saefkow-Jacob-Bästlein Organization
• Albert Battel (1891–1952), Wehrmacht
• Herbert Baum (1912–1942), KJVD, Herbert Baum Group^[2]
• Marianne Baum (1912–1942), Herbert Baum Group^[3]
• Erwin Beck (1911–1988), SPD-RK
• Artur Becker (1905–1938), KPD
• Arno Behrisch (1913–1989), Socialist Workers' Party of Germany, ITF
• Alfons Beil (1896–1997), Catholic church
• Hans Beimler (Communist) (1895–1936), KPD
• Walter Beling (1899–1988), Résistance
• Georg Benjamin (1895–1942), KPD
• Helene Berg (1906–2006)
• Gunther Dietrich Wilhelm Baron von Berg (1898–1981) Assisted many Jews to escape Germany. <Jornal Novo Hamburgo 8 August 1981>
• Hans Berger (1916–1943), IKD
• Hilde Berger (b. 1914), IKD, secretary of Oskar Schindler
• Josef Bergmann (1913–2005) KPO
• Georg Berthelé (1877–1949), Rote Hilfe
• Gustav Bermel (1927–1944), Ehrenfeld Group
• Eberhard Bethge (1909–2000), student of Dietrich Bonhoeffer
• Wilhelm Beuttel (1901–1945), Rote Hilfe
• Karl Biedermann (resistance fighter) (1890–1945), Wehrmacht, Operation Radetzky
• Dagobert Biermann (1904–1943), KPD^[1]
• Charlotte Bischoff (1901–1994), KPD, Red Orchestra
• Peter Blachstein (1911–1977), Socialist Workers' Party of Germany, SJVD, Neuer Weg Group
• Conrad Blenkle (1901–1943), KPD
• Willi Bleicher (1907–1981), KPD, unionist
• Werner Blumenberg (1900–1965), Socialist Front
• Franz Bobzien (1906–1941), Socialist Workers' Party of Germany, SJVD^[1]
• Herbert Bochow (1906–1942), KPD
• Hermann Böse (1870–1943), Communist resistance
• Walter Bohne (1903–1944), Bästlein-Jacob-Abshagen Group
• Wilhelm Boller (1904–1943), Rote Hilfe
• Eugen Bolz (1881–1945), Zentrumspartei
• Dietrich Bonhoeffer (1906–1945), Confessing Church
• Klaus Bonhoeffer (1901–1945), Confessing Church
• Jakob Boulanger (1897–1968), KPD
• Willy Brandt (1913–1992), Socialist Workers' Party of Germany
• Max Braun (1892–1945) SPD, Saarkämpferbund
• Otto Brass (1875–1950), Deutsche Volksfront
• Willi Bredel (1901–1964), KPD
• Rudolf Breitscheid (1874–1944), SPD
• Otto Brenner (1911–1972), Socialist Workers' Party of Germany
• Hein Brettschneider (d. 1944), KPD^[1]
• Hermann Brill (1895–1959), Neu Beginnen, Deutsche Volksfront, Buchenwald Popular Front Committee
• Karl Bröger (1886–1944), SPD
• Paul Bromme (1906–1975), Sopade, RSD
• Arnolt Bronnen (1895–1959), Willy Fred
• Elisabeth Bruhn (1893–1944), KPD, Bästlein-Jacob-Abshagen Group^[1]
• Gustav Bruhn (1889–1944), KPD, Bästlein-Jacob-Abshagen Group^[1]
• Eberhard Brünen (1906–1980), Socialist Workers' Party of Germany
• Karl Brunner (resistance fighter) (1889–1964), Heimwehr
• Adolf Buchholz "Appel" (1912–1978), KPD
• Franz Xaver Büchs (1889–1940), KPO
• Klaus Bücking (1908–1980), Rote Hilfe
• Willi Budich (1890–1938), Rote Hilfe
• Carl Burmester (KPD) (1901–1934) KPD
• Carl Burmester (SPD) (b. 1905) SPD
• Ernst Busch (actor) (1900–1980), actor, KPD
• Wilhelm Busch (pastor) (1897–1966), Confessing Church

C

Wilhelm Franz Canaris

• Walter Caldonazzi (1916–1945), Maier Messner Caldonazzi
• Wilhelm Canaris (1887–1945),
• Emil Carlebach (1914–2001), KPD
• Walter Caro (1909–1988), KPD
• Rudolf Claus (1893–1935), Rote Hilfe
• Hermann Cornelius (1898–1945), Bästlein-Jacob-Abshagen Group
• Hans Christoffers (d. 1942), KPD^[1]
• Heinrich Czerkus (1894–1945), KPD
• Franz Czeminski (1876–1945), SPD

D

The Jesuit Alfred Delp was an influential member of the Kreisau Circle - one of the few clandestine German Resistance groups operating inside Nazi Germany.

• Hermann Danz (1906–1945), Saefkow-Jacob-Bästlein Organization
• Jakob Dautzenberg (1897–1979), KPD
• Alfred Delp (1907–1945), Catholic church
• Ria Deeg (1907–2000), Rote Hilfe
• Anton Dey (1892–1973), SPD
• Max Diamant (1908–1992), Socialist Workers' Party of Germany
• Willi Dickhut (1904–1992), KPD
• Kurt Karl Doberer (1904–1993), SPD
• Hans von Dohnanyi (1902–1945), Confessing Church
• Leo Drabent (1899–1944), Bästlein-Jacob-Abshagen Group
• Fritz Dressel (1896–1933), KPD
• Joseph E. Drexel (1896–1976), Ernst Niekisch resistance movement
• Hugo Dworznik (1906–1977) KPD, group with Ernst Schneller in Sachsenhausen
• Klara Dworznik (1910–1991), KPD, Bästlein-Jacob-Abshagen Group

E

Eberhard at the award ceremony of the Carl von Ossietzky Medal, 1979

Hans Philipp Ehrenberg, ca. 1940

Johann Georg Elser

• Fritz Eberhard (1896–1982), ISK
• Erwin Eckert (1893–1972), BRSD, KPD
• Dr. Hugo Eckener (1868–1954), Father of the Zeppelin, ardent anti-Nazi, and once a direct threat to Hilter's election
• Ernst Eckstein (1897–1933), Socialist Workers' Party of Germany
• Hans Ehrenberg (1883–1958), Lutheran theologian, a founder of the Confessing Church
• Willi Eichler (1896–1971), ISK
• Elvira Eisenschneider (1924–1944), NKFD
• Paul Eisenschneider (1901–1944), KPD
• Georg Elser (1903–1945), acted alone
• Arthur Emmerlich (1907–1942), KPD
• August Enderle (1887–1959), Socialist Workers' Party of Germany
• Ernst Enge (1893–1944), KPD
• Otto Engert (1895–1945), KPD
• Leopold Engleitner (1905–2013), Jehovah's Witness
• Fritz Erler (1913–1967), Neu Beginnen
• Anna Essinger (1897–1960), Landschulheim Herrlingen^[4]
• Erika Etter (d. 1945), KJVD^[1]

F

Egon Franke, 1976

David Frankfurter in British Mandate of Palestine, 1945

August Froehlich

Fuchs in 1912 with his wife and three oldest children; Klaus is on his mother's lap.

• Walter Fabian (1902–1995) Socialist Workers' Party of Germany
• Marianne Feldhammer (1909–1996), Willy Fred
• Werner Fischer (antifascist) (1913–1945) KPD
• Hermann Fischer (1912–1984), Rote Hilfe and Brümmer Kleine resistance group
• Oskar Fischer (1892–1955) European Union (resistance group)
• Herbert Frahm see Willy Brandt
• Egon Franke (politician) (1913–1995), SPD
• David Frankfurter (1909–1982), acted alone
• Hermann Frieb (1890–1943), Neu Beginnen
• Georg Fritze (1874–1939), BRSD
• August Froehlich (1891–1942), Catholic church
• Paul Frölich (1884–1953), Socialist Workers' Party of Germany
• Emil Fuchs (1874–1971), BRSD
• Albert Funk (1894–1933), KPD
• Max Fürst (1905–1978), author
• Franz Josef Furtwängler (1894–1965), SPD

G

Clemens August Graf von Galen

Image of Jakob Gapp in Wattens

Eugen Gerstenmaier, 1960

Peter Gingold

Kurt Julius Goldstein

Willi Graf

Memorial stone for Georg Groscurth at Unterhaun cemetery

Otto Grotewohl

• Johann Gahr (1880–1939), acted alone^[5]
• Albrecht Gaiswinkler (1905–1979), Special Operations Executive spy
• Clemens August Graf von Galen (1878–1946), Catholic church
• Willi Gall (1908–1941), KPD
• Jakob Gapp (1897–1943), Catholic church
• Martin Gauger (1905–1941), Confessing Church, Kreisau Circle
• Lisa Gavric (1907–1974), Résistance
• Herta Geffke (1893–1973), Rote Hilfe
• Ludwig Gehm (1905–2002), ISK, ELAS
• Johann Gerdes (1896–1933), KPD
• Fritz Gerlich (1883–1934), journalist
• Kurt Gerstein (1905–1945), Waffen-SS, Gerstein Report author
• Eugen Gerstenmaier (1906–1986), Confessing Church
• Johann Geusendam (1866–1945), Rote Hilfe
• Etty Gingold (1916–2001), KPD
• Peter Gingold (1916–2006), KPD
• Karl Gitzoller (1905–2002), Willy-Fred
• Helene Glatzer (1902–1935), KPD
• Gerhard Gleißberg (1905–1973), SPD
• Paul Gmeiner (1892–1944), KPD
• Erich Gniffke (1895–1964) SPD
• Joseph Götz (1895–1933), KPD
• Rudi Goguel (1908–1976), KPD
• Kurt Julius Goldstein (1914–2007) KPD
• Albert Göring (1895–1966) businessman and younger brother of Nazi-leader Hermann
• Bernhard Göring (1897–1949), AfA-Bund, Neu Beginnen, Covenant of Religious Socialists of Germany
• Herta Gotthelf (1902–1963), SPD
• Hugo Gräf (1892–1958), Rote Hilfe
• Willi Graf (1918–1943), White Rose
• Josef Grafl (1921–2008), Special Operations Executive spy
• Kurt Gregor (1907–1990), Rote Hilfe
• Karl Grönsfelder (1882–1964), KPD
• Maria Grollmuß (1896–1944), SPD
• Anneliese Groscurth (1910–1996), European Union (resistance group)
• Georg Groscurth (1904–1944), European Union (resistance group)
• Rudolf Grosse (1905–1942), KPD
• Otto Grotewohl (1894–1964), SPD
• Karl Gruber (1909–1995), "Rosengarten"/O5
• Kurt Gruber (Nazi resister) (1913–1945), KPD, London "Free Germans" of the OSS (precursor to the CIA)
• Hanno Günther (1921–1942), Rote Pfadfinder
• Gustav Gundelach (1888–1962), KPD
• Rudolf Gyptner (1925–1944), KPD

H

Häfner's tomb in the crypt of the Neumünster in 2010 - it is now differently marked with a modern sculpture.

Memorial plaque at the site of the Hampels' former residence, Amsterdamer Straße 10 in Berlin.

Liselotte Herrmann on a DDR stamp.

Stolperstein for Else Hirsch on sidewalk in downtown Bochum.

Erich Honecker

Kurt Huber

Alois Hundhammer

• Auguste Haase (1899–1945), Saefkow-Jacob-Bästlein Organization
• Georg Häfner (1900–1942), Catholic church
• Kurt Hälker (1922–1910), Résistance
• Otto Halle (1903–1987), KPD
• Elise Hampel (1903–1943), acted alone with husband Otto
• Otto Hampel, (1897–1943), acted alone with wife Elise
• Arvid Harnack (1901–1942), Rote Kapelle
• Werner Hansen (1905–1972), ISK
• Rudolf Harlaß (1892–1944), KPD
• Elli Hatschek (1901–1944) European Union (resistance group)
• Paul Hatschek (1888–1944) European Union (resistance group)
• Theodor Haubach (1896–1945), SPD^[1]
• Hans Hauschulz (1912–1951), Rote Hilfe
• Erich Hausen (1900–1973), KPO
• Ernst Hegewisch (1881–1952), Rote Hilfe
• Georg D. Heidingsfelder (1899–1967), Catholic church
• Rudolf-Ernst Heiland (1910–1965), IKD
• Ernst Heilmann (1881–1940), SPD
• Karl Heinrich (SPD) (1890–1946), SPD, Reichsbanner
• Willi Heinze (1910–1944), KPD, Robert Uhrig Group
• Bernhard Heinzmann (1903–1942), Catholic church
• Walter Held (1910–1942), IKD
• Georg Henke (1908–1986), KPD
• Albert Hensel (1895–1942), KPD
• Liselotte Herrmann (1906–1938), KPD
• Theo Hespers (1903–1943)
• Karl Hetz (b. 1906), National Committee for a Free Germany
• Heinz Heydrich (1905–1944), younger brother of Reinhard Heydrich ("The Butcher of Prague")
• Friedrich Hielscher (1902–1990), Konservative Revolution
• Rainer Hildebrandt (1914–2004), Haushofer-Kreis
• Else Himmelheber (1905–1944), resistance group in Schlotterbeck aus Luginsland
• Oskar Hippe (1900–1990), Trotzkyist
• Else Hirsch (1889–1942 or 1943), schoolteacher, organized 10 children's transports out of Germany
• Michael Hirschberg (1889–1937), SPD
• Walter Hochmuth (1904–1979), KPD
• Clemens Högg (1880–1945), SPD
• Josef Höhn (1902–1945), Saefkow-Jacob-Bästlein Organization
• Arthur Hoffmann (1900–1945), KPD, National Committee for a Free Germany
• Erich Honecker (1912–1994), KPD
• Hans Hornberger (d. 1944), KPD^[1]
• Kurt Huber (1893–1943), White Rose
• Rupert Huber (1896–1945), Antinazistische Deutsche Volksfront
• Helmuth Hübener (1925–1942), Hamburg Vierergruppe (German Resistance)
• Walter Huder (1921–2002)
• Alois Hundhammer (1900–1974), at the time, the youngest member of the Bavarian Landtag
• Peter Hüppeler (1913–1944), Ehrenfeld Group

I

• Karl Ibach (1915–1990), KPD
• Friedrich Illies (1896–1962), Stahlhelm, leader of a conservative resistance group in Grafschaft Bentheim
• Hans Ils (1906–1988), Socialist Workers' Party of Germany
• Max Ingberg (1904–1983), SPD, party chairman of Sopade, Belgium

J

Franz Jacob, 1964 stamp from the DDR

Hans Jendretzky during a Jugendweihe, 1972.

• Franz Jacob (1906–1944), KPD, Bästlein-Jacob-Abshagen Group, Saefkow-Jacob-Bästlein Organization
• Katharina Jacob (1907–1989), KPD, Bästlein-Jacob-Abshagen Group
• Artur Jacobs (30 March 1880 in Elberfeld (today part of Wuppertal) - 23. January 1968 in Essen), Leader of the Bund, a communitarian group of Jews and Gentiles in Germany.
• Matthias Jacobs (1885–1935), elected legislator from Prussia SPD
• Rudolf Jacobs (1914–1944), (in Italy, naval officer, partisan in Italy with "Ugo Muccini" Garibaldi brigade)
• Hildegard Jadamowitz (1916–1942), KPD, Herbert Baum Group
• Franz Jägerstätter (1907–1943), acted alone, Catholic church
• Frieda (Friedel) and Rudolf Jahn (d. 1951), Covenant of Religious Socialists of Germany
• Hans Jahn (1885–1960), International Transport Workers' Federation
• Julius von Jan (1897–1964), Confessing Church
• Hans Jendretzky (1897–1992), KPD
• Marianne Joachim (1921–1943), Herbert Baum Group
• Anton Joos (1900–1999), KPD
• Alfred Jung (1908–1944), KPD
• Franz Jung (1888–1963), KAPD and Rote Kämpfer
• Karl Jungbluth (1903–1945), KPD
• Georg Jungclas (1902–1975), IKD

K

• Otto Kahn-Freund (1900–1979) Jurist
• Jakob Kaiser (1888–1961) Zentrumspartei
• Hellmut Kalbitzer (1913–2006), ISK
• Heinz Kapelle (1913–1941), KPD
• Josef Kappius (1907–1967), ISK and Independent Socialist Union
• Friedrich Kellner (1885–1970), SPD
• Kilian Kirchhoff (1892–1944), Catholic church
• Johanna Kirchner (1884–1944), SPD, Rote Hilfe
• Ernst Kirchweger (1898–1965), KPÖ
• Heinz Kiwitz (1910–1938), ASSO
• Erich Klausener (1885–1934), Zentrumspartei, Catholic church
• Reinhold Kleinlein (1883–1944), KPD
• Walter Klingenbeck (1924–1943), Munich Vierergruppe (German Resistance)
• Heinrich Kloppers (1891–1944), Reichsbanner Schwarz-Rot-Gold and Protestant teenagers' group
• Rudolf Klug (d. 1944), KPD^[1]
• Wilhelm Knöchel (1899–1944), KPD
• Waldemar von Knoeringen (1906–1971), SPD, Neu Beginnen
• Ferdinand Kobitzki (1893–1944), KPD
• Gertrud Koch (b. 1924), Edelweißpiraten
• Hans Koch (1893–1945), Jurist, Confessing Church
• Ludwig Koch (Nazi resister) (1909–2002), ISK
• Bernard Koenen (1889–1964), Rote Hilfe and National Committee for a Free Germany
• Otto Kohlhofer (1915–1988), Rote Hilfe
• Olga Körner (1887–1969), KPD
• Fritz Kolbe (1900–1971), acted alone
• Otto Korfes (1889–1964), National Committee for a Free Germany
• Werner Kowalski (1901–1943), KPD
• Walter Kramer (1892–1941), KPD
• Heinrich Kratina (1906–1944), Ehrenfeld Group
• Wilhelm Kratz (1902–1944), Ehrenfeld Group
• Gerhard Krause (Pastor) (1887–1950)
• Johann Krausen (1887–1944), Ehrenfeld Group
• Willi Kreikemeyer (1894–1950), KPD
• Felix Kreissler (1917–2004), Résistance
• Lothar Kreyssig (1898–1986), Jurist (only judge to intervene in Aktion T4 euthanasia operation), Confessing Church
• Otto Kropp (1907–1937), KPD
• Maria Krüger (1907–1987), Rote Hilfe
• Alfred Kubel (1909–1999), ISK
• Adam Kuckhoff (1887–1943), Red Orchestra
• Greta Kuckhoff (1902–1981), Red Orchestra
• Heinz Kühn (1912–1992), SPD
• Otto Kühne (1893–1955), KPD und Résistance
• Karl Kunger (1901–1943), KPD
• Franz Künstler (1888–1942), SPD
• Erich Kürschner (1889–1966), Neu Beginnen, Covenant of Religious Socialists of Germany
• Albert Kuntz (1896–1945), KPD
• Erich Kurz (1895–1944), KPD
• Erich Kuttner (1887–1942), RSD

L

• Eduard Bruno Lindner (1884–1941) Died Dachau. Anti-Hitler underground press, arrested in 1934. Documents available.
• Max Lackmann (1910–2000), Evangelical Church in Germany
• Karl Ladé (1909–1944) KPD
• Erwin von Lahousen-Vivremont (1897–1955) military resistance
• Josef Landgraf (b. 1924), Vienna Vierergruppe (German Resistance)
• Josef Lang (1902–1973), Socialist Workers' Party of Germany
• Fritz Lange (1898–1981), Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany, KPD, Rotfrontkämpferbund
• Käthe Latzke (d. 1945), KPD^[1]
• Julius Leber (1891–1945), SPD
• Heinz Leidersdorf (1906–1943), IKD
• Hans Leipert (d. 1945), White Rose^[1]
• Hans Lehnert (1899–1942), ISK
• Josef Lenzel (1890–1942), Catholic church
• Theodor Lessing (1872–1933), acted alone
• Bruno Max Leuschner (1910–1965), KPD
• Wilhelm Leuschner (1890–1944), SPD
• Bernhard Lichtenberg (1875–1943), Catholic church
• Simone Arnold Liebster (1930), Jehovah's Witness
• Franz-Maria Liedig (1900–1967)
• Max Liedtke (1894–1955) Wehrmacht
• Hertha Lindner (1920–1943), KJVD
• Ludwig Linsert (1907–1981), ISK
• Eva Lippold (1909–1994), Rote Hilfe and Saefkow-Jacob-Bästlein Organization
• Hans Litten (1903–1938)
• Paul Löbe (1875–1967), SPD
• Ferdinand Löwenberg (1924–2004)
• Martin Löwenberg (1925)
• Walter Loewenheim (1896–1977), Neu Beginnen
• Roland Lorent (1920–1944), Ehrenfeld Group
• Ludwig Philipp Lude (1895–1961), SPD
• Erna Lugebiel (1898–1984)
• Rudolf Lunau (1906–1943 missing), KPD

M

• Johann Maier (1906–1945) preacher, Regensburger Dom
• Heinrich Maier (1908–1945), theologian Maier Messner Caldonazzi
• Adolf Maislinger (1903–1985), KPD
• Maria von Maltzan (1909–1997), Solf Circle
• Maria Restituta (née Helene Kafka) (1894–1943) Franciscan
• Hilde Meisel (Hilda Monte) (1914–1945), ISK
• Ernst Melis (1909–2007), KPD, Résistance
• August Merges (1870–1945), Kommunistische Räte-Union
• Franz Josef Messner (1896–1945), Maier Messner Caldonazzi
• Max Josef Metzger (1887–1944), Catholic church
• Herbert Michaelis (1898–1939), lawyer, KPD, Michaelis Group
• Carlo Mierendorff (1897–1943), SPD
• Josef Miller (1883–1964), KPD, Rote Hilfe
• Josef Moll (1903–1944), Ehrenfeld Group
• Helmuth James Graf von Moltke (1907–1945), founding member, Kreisau Circle
• Mentona Moser (1874–1971), Rote Hilfe
• Erich Mühsam (1878–1934)
• Franz Josef Müller (b. 1924), Ulm abitur group of the White Rose
• Johann Müller (resistance fighter) (1928–1944), Ehrenfeld Group
• Josef Müller (CSU politician) (1898–1979), Bavarian People's Party, Catholic resistance
• Oskar Müller (1896–1970), KPD
• Herbert Mumm von Schwarzenstein (1898–1945), Legation councilor a.G.
• Emil Meier (1911–2014)

N

• Harry Naujoks (1901–1983), KPD
• Theodor Neubauer (1890–1945), KPD
• Gertrud Neuhof (1901–1987), Saefkow-Jacob-Bästlein Organization
• Karl Neuhof (1891–1943), Rote Hilfe
• Johanna Niederhellmann, SPD
• Ernst Niekisch (1889–1967), publisher of Widerstand, Magazine for national revolutionary Politics
• Katja Niederkirchner (1909–1944), KPD
• Martin Niemöller (1892–1984), Confessing Church
• Rosina Nolan (1891–1972), Rote Hilfe, mother of Fritz and Anna Pröll (see P)
• Karl Nolan^[6] (1891–1937), Rote Hilfe, KPD, father of Fritz and Anna Pröll (see P), one of the first Augsburg nazi murder victims in Dachau concentration camp
• Erik Nölting (1892–1953), SPD
• Karl Nord (1912–2003) Socialist Workers' Party of Germany

O

Carl von Ossietzky

• Aloys Odenthal (1912–2003)
• Max Opitz (1890–1982), KPD
• Rudi Opitz (1908–1939), KPD
• Friedrich Carl Freiherr von Oppenheim (1900–1978), acted alone
• Carl von Ossietzky (1889–1938)
• Hans Oster (1887–1945)

P

• Wilhelm Peetz (1892–1935)
• Resi Pesendorfer (1902–1989) Willy Fred
• Toni Pfülf (1877–1933)
• Emil Phillip (1887–1965), Confessing Church
• Kurt Piehl (1928–2001), Edelweißpiraten
• Hans Pink (1906–1974), Rote Hilfe
• Menachem Pinkhof (1920–1969), Gruppe Westerweel
• Gertrud Piter (1899–1933), KPD
• Hartmut Plaas (d. 1944), SS-Obersturmbannführer with contact with Wilhelm Canaris
• Karl Plagge (1897–1957), Wehrmacht officer, acted alone
• Philipp Pless (1906–1973), Communist Party Opposition
• Sepp Plieseis (1913–1966), KPÖ, Willy Fred
• Felix Plewa (d, 1943), KPD^[1]
• Harald Poelchau (1903–1972), Onkel Emil Group, Confessing Church, BRSD
• Johannes Popitz (1884–1945),
• Magnus Poser (1907–1945), KPD
• Folkert Potrykus (1900–1971), KPD
• Bernard Povel (called Ben Povel) (1897–1952), Catholic textile manufacturer, Zentrumspartei
• Olga Benario-Prestes (1908–1942), KPD
• Konrad von Preysing (1880–1950), Catholic church
• Christoph Probst (1919–1943), White Rose
• Fritz Pröll (1915–1944), Rote Hilfe
• Anna Pröll (1916–2006), Augsburg youth resistance group
• Elisabeth Pungs (1896–1945), Rote Hilfe

R

• Josef Raab (1899–1971), KPD
• Arthur and Charlotte Rackwitz, Covenant of Religious Socialists of Germany
• Siegfried Rädel (1893–1943), KPD
• Adolf Reichwein 1898–1944, SPD
• Karl Reinthaler (1913–2000), SPÖ
• Franz Reinisch (1903–1942), Catholic church
• Oskar Reincke (1907–1944), Bästlein-Jacob-Abshagen Group
• Paul Rentsch (1898–1944), European Union (resistance group)
• Franz Rheinberger (1927–1944), Ehrenfeld Group
• Josef Rieck (1911–1970), Catholic church
• Fritz Riedel (1908–1944), Robert Uhrig Group
• Jakob Ritter (1886–1951), Socialist Workers' Party of Germany
• Kurt Ritter (1909–1944), Robert Uhrig Group
• Hans Robinsohn (1897–1981), DDP Robinsohn-Strassmann Group
• Fritz Rödel (1888–1945), KPD
• Theodor Roller (1915–2008), CVJM
• Beppo Römer (1892–1944), KPD
• Augustin Rösch (1893–1961), Kreisau Circle, Catholic church
• Liesbeth Rose (d. 1945), KJVD
• Joseph C. Rossaint (1902–1991), Catholic church
• Karl Rubner (1901–1988), SPD
• Anton Ruh (1912–1964), KPD
• Hermann Runge (1902–1975), SPD

S

• Anton Saefkow (1903–1944), Saefkow-Jacob-Bästlein Organization
• Herbert Sandberg (1908–1991), KPD, Association of Revolutionary Visual Artists
• Willi Sänger (1894–1944), KPD
• Marie-Louise Sarre (ca. 1904–1997), Solf Circle
• Karl Schapper (1879–1941), Catholic
• Werner Scharff (1912–1945), Gemeinschaft für Frieden und Aufbau
• John Schehr (1896–1934), KPD
• Johann Schellheimer (1899–1945), KPD
• Heinrich Scheuken (1902–1944), acted alone^[7]
• Jack Schiefer (1898–1980), SPD
• Kurt Schill (1911–1944), KPD
• Emilie Schindler (1907–2001), acted alone
• Oskar Schindler (1908–1974), acted alone
• Bartholomäus (Barthel) Schink (1927–1944), Ehrenfeld Group
• Otto Josef Schlein (1895–1944), KPD
• Friedrich Schlotterbeck (1909–1979), KJD, KPD, Schlotterbeck Group
• Walter Schmedemann (1901–1976), SPD
• Anton Schmid (1900–1942), Wehrmacht
• Richard Schmid (1899–1986), counsel, Socialist Workers' Party of Germany (affiliated)
• Otto Schmirgal (1900–1944), KPD
• Elisabeth Schmitz (1893–1977), theologian, resistance fighter, Confessing Church
• Alexander Schmorell (1917–1943), White Rose
• Paul Schneider (1897–1939), pastor, Evangelical Church in Germany
• Ernst Schneller (1890–1944), KPD
• Erwin Schoettle (1899–1976), Sopade, Neu Beginnen
• Richarg Schönfeld (d. 1945) KPD
• Carlo Schönhaar (1924–42), Résistance
• Eugen Schönhaar (1898–1934), KPD
• Gustav Schönherr (1889–1933), KPD

Hans and Sophie Scholl, 1961

• Hans Scholl (1918–1943), White Rose
• Sophie Scholl (1921–1943), White Rose
• Ernst Scholz (1913–1986), Rote Hilfe
• Roman Karl Scholz (1912–1944), Catholic church
• Fritz Schreiter (1892–1944), Communist Party Opposition
• Heinz Schröder (1910–1997), SPD
• Karl Schröder (1884–1950), Rote Kämpfer
• Jakob Schultheis (1891–1945), Speyer Kameradschaft
• Josef Schulz (1909?–1941), Wehrmacht (disputed)
• Fiete Schulze (1894–1935), KPD
• Fritz Schulze (1903–1942), KPD
• Eva Schulze-Knabe (1907–1976), KPD
• Elisabeth Schumacher (1904–1942) Red Orchestra
• Kurt Schumacher (sculptor) (1905–1942) Red Orchestra
• Georg Schumann (resistance fighter) (1886–1945), KPD
• Margarete Schütte-Lihotzky (1897–2000), KPÖ
• Adolf Schütz (1926–1944), Ehrenfeld Group
• Alexander Schwab (1887–1943), Rote Kämpfer
• Martin Schwantes (1904–1945), KPD, Saefkow-Jacob-Bästlein Organization
• Günther Schwarz (1928–1944), Ehrenfeld Group
• Rudolf Schwarz (resistance fighter) (1904–1934), KPD
• Werner Seelenbinder (1904–1944), KPD
• Willi Seng (1909–1944), KPD functionary
• Robert Siewert (1887–1973), KPO, Buchenwald Resistance
• Georg Singer (1898–1942), KPD
• Konrad Skrentny (1894–1955), KPD
• Hanna Solf (1884–1954), Solf Circle
• Richard Sorge (1895–1944), KPD spy for the Soviet Union
• Ulrich Sporleder (1911–1944) Confessing Church

Claus von Stauffenberg

• Claus von Stauffenberg (1907–1944)
• Karl Stein (resistance fighter) (1902–1942), KPD
• Wilhelm Stein (d. 1944), KPD^[1]
• Hans Steinbrück (1921–1944), Ehrenfeld Group
• Werner Steinbrink (1917–1942), Young Communist League of Germany, Herbert Baum Group
• Erich Steinfurth (1896–1934), Rote Hilfe
• Franz Stenzer (1900–1933), KPD
• Ernst Strassmann (1897–1958), DDP, Robinsohn-Strassmann Group
• Stefan Szende (1901–1985), Socialist Workers' Party of Germany
• Carl Szokoll (1915–2004), Wehrmacht, Operation Radetzky

T

• Elisabeth von Thadden (1890–1944), Solf Circle
• Bruno Tesch (antifascist) (1913–1933), KPD
• Ernst Thälmann (1886–1944), KPD
• Fritz Theilen, Ehrenfeld Group
• Matthias Theisen (1885–1933), KPD, SPD
• Paul Thümmel (1902–1945), Abwehr, Czech Resistance
• Paul Tillich (1886–1965), Christian Socialist, American Friends of German Freedom, Council for a Democratic Germany

U

• Max Urich (1890–1968), unionist resistance (DMV)
• Robert Uhrig (1903–1944), KPD

V

• Walter Veigel (1903–1985), member of Buchenwald Resistance, KPD
• Kurt Vieweg (1911–1976), KPD
• Franz Vogt (1899–1940), labour unionist, SPD, Reichsbanner Schwarz-Rot-Gold

W

• Maria Wachter (b. 1910), KPD
• Bebo Wager (1905–1943), SPD
• Karl Wagner (1891–1965), KPD
• Jacob Walcher (1887–1970), Socialist Workers' Party of Germany
• Rudolf Wascher (1904–1956), KPD
• Eduard Wald (1905–1978), Committee for Proletarian Unity
• Orli Wald (1914–1962), Young Communist League of Germany, "Angel of Auschwitz"
• Maria von Wedemeyer (1924–1977), Confessing Church
• Paul Wegmann (1889–1945), from SPD- and Socialist Workers' Party of Germany, member of existing resistance group in Zeitz
• Herbert Wehner (1906–1990), KPD
• Otto Weidt (1883–1947), anarchist resistance
• Franz Weiß (1892–1985), Catholic church
• Arthur Weisbrodt (1909–1944), Rote Hilfe
• Friedrich Weißler (1891–1937), Confessing Church
• Wilhelm Wester (1889–1960), Lutheran pastor
• Hans Westermann (1890–1935), Versöhnler, KPD
• Alexander Westermayer (1894–1944), European Union (resistance group)
• Max Westphal (1893–1942), SPD
• Ernst Wille (1894–1944), SPD
• Albert Willimsky (1890–1940), Catholic church
• Jürgen George Wittenstein, White Rose
• Josef Wirmer (1901–1944), Catholic church,
• Irmgard von Witzleben (1896–1944), artist, acted alone
• Hans Wölfel (1902–1944), Catholic church
• Edith Wolff (1904–1997), Zionist refugee helper in Berlin
• Lore Wolf (1900–1996), KPD, Rote Hilfe
• Rosi Wolfstein (1888–1987), Socialist Workers' Party of Germany

Z

• Gerhard Zadek (1919–2005), Hashomer Hatzair, Herbert Baum Group
• Hiltgunt Zassenhaus (1916–2004), wartime translator and interpreter^[8]
• Johannes Zieger (1910–1981), KPD
• Karl Zimmet^[9] (1895–1969) Antinazistische Deutsche Volksfront
• Karl Zink (1910–1940), KPD
• Johannes Zoschke (1910–1944), KPD, Robert Uhrig Group

See also

• German Resistance
• Stolpersteine
• List of members of the 20 July plot
• Resistance during World War II
• Friedrich Olbricht
• Kurt Nehrling
• Rudolf Christoph Freiherr von Gersdorff
• Werner Dankwort
• List of cities by country that have Stolpersteine
• List of Righteous among the Nations by country

References

1. "Männer und Frauen aus dem Hamburger Widerstand" List of Hamburg Resistance fighters executed or who died in custody. (German)
2. German Resistance Memorial Center Herbert Baum (includes photo).
3. German Resistance Memorial Center Marianne Baum (includes photo).
4. Michael Luick-Thrams, "Part I: Persecution, Flight and Reception of WWII-era Refugees" See: Bunce Court Humboldt University, Berlin. Dissertation: Creating 'New Americans': WWII-Era European Refugees' Formation of American Identities (1997). Retrieved September 29, 2011
5. "Gahr, Johann" Göppinger Stolpersteine website. Retrieved June 16, 2010 (German)
6. Augsburg Wiki Retrieved February 24, 2016
7. Jenny Bünnig and Kurt Walter, "Stolpersteine in Duisburg" Band II" (PDF) Evangelischer Kirschenkreis Duisburg, Evangelisches Familienbildungswerk (2009), page 15. Retrieved June 21, 2010 (German)
8. Peter Morley, "Peter Morley - A Life Rewound" Part 4 (PDF) British Academy of Film and Television Arts (2010), pp. 237–239. Retrieved September 29, 2011
9. German Resistance Memorial Center Karl Zimmet (includes photo).

External links

• German Resistance Memorial Center Homepage. Retrieved March 15, 2010