List of Grand Duchesses of Russia

This is a list of those members of the Russian Imperial House who bore the title Velikaia Kniaginia (Russian: Великая Княгиня) or Velikaia Knazhna (Russian: Великая Княжна) (usually translated into French and English as Grand Duchess, but more accurately Grand Princess). This courtesy title was borne (usually) by daughters and male-line granddaughters of the Emperors or Empress Regnants of Russia, as well as by wives of Grand Dukes of Russia, all along with the style of Her Imperial Highness as members of the House of the reigning Emperor or Empress Regnant.

For more information on the titles, see List of Grand Dukes of Russia.

Grand Duchesses of Russia of the House of Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov

PictureNameFatherBornDiedMarriageNotes
Anna PetrovnaPeter Alexeievich17081728Duke Charles Frederick of Holstein-Gottorp
Elizabeth Petrovna Peter Alexeievich17091762Alexis Grigorievich Razumovsky (uncertain marriage)ascended the throne in 1741 as Empress Elizabeth of Russia
Natalia AlexeievnaAlexei Petrovich17141728deceased unmarried
Anna LeopoldovnaCharles Leopold of Mecklenburg17181746Duke Anton Ulrich of Brunswickassumed title rather than received it
Anna Petrovna Peter Feodorovich17571759deceased as child
Alexandra PavlovnaPavel Petrovich17831801Archduke Joseph of Austria 
Elena PavlovnaPavel Petrovich17841803Hereditary Prince Frederick Louis of Mecklenburg-Schwerin 
Maria PavlovnaPavel Petrovich17861859Grand Duke Charles Frederick of Saxe-Weimar 
Catherine PavlovnaPavel Petrovich17881819Duke George of Oldenburg
King William I of Württemberg 
Olga Pavlovna Pavel Petrovich17921795deceased as child 
Anna PavlovnaPavel Petrovich17951865King William II of the Netherlands 
Maria Alexandrovna Alexander Pavlovich17991800deceased as child 
Elizabeth Alexandrovna Alexander Pavlovich18061808deceased as child 
Maria NikolaievnaNikolai Pavlovich18191876Duke Maximilian of Leuchtenberg
Grigori Stroganov 
Olga NikolaievnaNikolai Pavlovich18221892King Charles I of Württemberg 
Maria Mikhailovna Mikhail Pavlovich18251846died unmarried 
Alexandra NikolaievnaNikolai Pavlovich18251844Prince Frederik of Hesse-Kassel (or Hesse-Cassel) in Denmark 
Elizabeth Mikhailovna Mikhail Pavlovich18261845Prince Adolf of Nassau-Weilburg 
Catherine MikhailovnaMikhail Pavlovich18271894Duke George of Mecklenburg-Strelitz 
Alexandra Mikhailovna Mikhail Pavlovich1831 1832deceased as child 
Anna Mikhailovna Mikhail Pavlovich18341836deceased as child 
Alexandra AlexandrovnaAlexander Nikolaievich1842 1849deceased as child 
Olga KonstantinovnaKonstantin Nikolaievich18511926King George I of Greece 
Maria AlexandrovnaAlexander Nikolaievich1853 1920Prince Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha and Edinburgh 
Vera KonstantinovnaKonstantin Nikolaievich18541912Duke Eugen of Wurttemberg 
Anastasia MikhailovnaMikhail Nikolaievich18601922Grand Duke Frederick Francis III of Mecklenburg-Schwerin  
Xenia AlexandrovnaAlexander Alexandrovich18751960Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich of Russia 
Elena VladimirovnaVladimir Alexandrovich18821957 Prince Nicholas of Greece and Denmark 
Olga AlexandrovnaAlexander Alexandrovich18821960Duke Peter of Oldenburg
Nikolai Alexandrovich Kulikovsky 
Maria PavlovnaPavel Alexandrovich18901950Prince Vilhelm, Duke of Södermanland
Prince Sergei Mikhailovich Putyatin 
Olga NikolaievnaNikolai Alexandrovich18951918deceased unmarried
Tatiana NikolaievnaNikolai Alexandrovich18971918deceased unmarried
Maria NikolaevnaNikolai Alexandrovich18991918deceased unmarried
Anastasia NikolaievnaNikolai Alexandrovich19011918deceased unmarried

After 1917 no such daughter was born into the deposed imperial house who would have been entitled to the title grand duchess - i.e., had been a male-line granddaughter of a reigning emperor; although such would have been technically possible, as there lived sons of reigning emperors and their daughters would have been so entitled.

Grand Duchesses of Russia by marriage

PictureNameHusbandDate of marriageBornDiedNotes
Charlotte of Brunswick-LüneburgTsarevich Alexei Petrovich25 October 171129 August 169413 November 1715 
Catherine Alexeievna of Anhalt-ZerbstPeter Fyodorovich1 September 17452 May 172917 November 1796Known to history as 'Catherine the Great';became Empress Consort when her husband succeeded as Emperor Peter III in 1762 and became Empress Regnant 9 July 1762 when deposing her husband
Natalia Alexeievna of Hesse-DarmstadtPavel Petrovich10 October 177325 June 175526 April 1776her husband later succeeded as Emperor Pavel I in 1796
Maria Fyodorovna of WürttembergPavel Petrovich7 October 177625 October 17595 November 1828became Empress when her husband succeeded as Emperor Pavel I in 1796
Elizabeth Alexeievna of BadenAlexander Pavlovich9 October 179324 January 177916 May 1826became Empress when her husband succeeded as Emperor Alexander I in 1801
Anna Fyodorovna of Saxe-Coburg-SaalfeldKonstantin Pavlovich26 February 179623 September 178115 August 1860divorced 1820  
Alexandra Fyodorovna of PrussiaNikolai Pavlovich13 July 181713 July 17981 November 1860became Empress when her husband succeeded as Emperor Nikolai I in 1825
Elena Pavlovna of WürttembergMikhail Pavlovich19 February 18249 January 18072 February 1873 
Maria Alexandrovna of Hesse-DarmstadtAlexander Nikolaievich28 April 18418 August 18243 June 1880became Empress when her husband succeeded as Emperor Alexander II in 1855
Alexandra Iosifovna of Saxe-AltenburgKonstantin Nikolaievich11 September 18488 July 18306 July 1911 
Alexandra Petrovna of OldenburgNikolai Nikolaievich6 February 18562 June 183825 April 1900 
Olga Fyodorovna of BadenMikhail Nikolaievich28 August 185720 September 183912 April 1891 
Maria Fyodorovna of DenmarkAlexander Alexandrovich9 November 186626 November 184713 October 1928became Empress when her husband succeeded as Emperor Alexander III in 1881
Maria Pavlovna of Mecklenburg-SchwerinVladimir Alexandrovich28 August 187414 May 18546 September 1920 
Elizabeth Mavrikievna of Saxe-AltenburgKonstantin Konstantinovich27 April 188425 January 186524 March 1927 
Elizabeth Fyodorovna of Hesse-DarmstadtSergei Alexandrovich15 June 18841 November 186417 or 18 July 1918 
Alexandra Georgievna of GreecePavel Alexandrovich17 June 188930 August 187024 September 1891 
Militsa Nicolaievna of MontenegroPeter Nikolaievich26 July 188926 July 18665 September 1951 
Maria Georgievna of GreeceGeorge Mikhailovich12 May 19003 March 187614 December 1940 
Victoria Fyodorovna of Saxe-Coburg and GothaKirill Vladimirovich8 October 190525 November 18762 March 1936 
Anastasia Nikolaievna of MontenegroNikolai Nikolaievich29 April 19074 January 186825 January 1929 
Alexandra Feodorovna of Hesse and by RhineNicholas Alexandrovich26 November 18946 June 187217 July 1918became Empress when her husband succeeded as Emperor Nicholas II in 1894
Imperial Standard of the Grand Duchess.

Although male grand dukes of Russia (sons or male-line grandsons of reigning emperors) existed after 1917, when the imperial house was deposed, none of them contracted an equal marriage after that date; so the title grand duchess was not gained by marriage thereafter - though it would have been technically possible.

Note that a Grand Duke or Grand Duchess as a translation is not necessarily associated with a Grand Duchy; see the relevant articles for more information.

A Russian Grand Duchess was styled as, Her Imperial Highness.

Maria Vladimirovna claims to be the current Grand Duchess of Russia.

See also

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