List of Latter Day Saint practitioners of plural marriage

According to a consensus of historians, many adherents in the early Latter Day Saint movement practiced plural marriage, a doctrine that states that polygyny is ordained of God. Although the largest denomination in the movement, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, officially abandoned the practice of plural marriage in 1890, a number of churches in the Mormon fundamentalist movement continue to teach and practice it. Historically, the Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints (now the Community of Christ), the second largest denomination in the movement, had an anti-polygamy position and denied officially that Smith had taught or practiced it, since Smith denied his involvement during his church leadership.^[1][2][3][4]

Pre-succession crisis

The following notable Latter Day Saints are alleged to have practiced plural marriage prior to the 1844 succession crisis that followed the death of Joseph Smith, Jr..

	Name: Born: Died: Positions: Date entered polygamy: Eventual No. of wives: Notes:	Joseph Smith December 23, 1805 June 27, 1844 (aged 38) 1st President of the Church of Christ (later the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints)[5], April 6, 1830 – June 27, 1844 April 5, 1841[6] 33[7] Founder of the Latter Day Saint movement. Also Mayor of Nauvoo, Illinois (1842–1844)  Though he is alleged to have married more than 30 wives before his death and to have taught the doctrine to his close associates, he denied the practice publicly, as did his wife Emma Smith and son Joseph Smith III. see Origin of Latter Day Saint polygamy.
	Name: Born: Died: Positions:         Date entered polygamy: Eventual No. of wives: Notes:	Hyrum Smith February 9, 1800 June 27, 1844 (aged 44) Assistant President of the Church, called by Joseph Smith, January 24, 1841 – June 27, 1844 Latter Day Saint Apostle, called by Joseph Smith, January 24, 1841 – June 27, 1844 2nd Presiding Patriarch, called by Joseph Smith, September 14, 1840 – June 27, 1844 Second Counselor in the First Presidency, called by Joseph Smith, November 7, 1837 – January 24, 1841 Assistant Counselor in the First Presidency, called by Joseph Smith, September 3, 1837 – November 7, 1837 August 11, 1843[6] 2[8] Brother of Joseph Smith  Publicly denied practicing polygamy
	Name: Born: Died: Positions:       Date entered polygamy: Eventual No. of wives: Notes:	Brigham Young June 1, 1801 August 29, 1877 (aged 76) 2nd President of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, December 27, 1847 – August 29, 1877 President of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, April 14, 1840 – December 27, 1847 Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, called by Three Witnesses, February 14, 1835 – December 27, 1847 LDS Church Apostle, called by Three Witnesses, February 14, 1835 – August 29, 1877 April 5, 1841[6] 55 Succeeded Smith as leader of the LDS Church. Was also Governor of Utah Territory from February 3, 1851 to April 12, 1858.  Is probably the most famous Latter Day Saint polygamist with 55 wives.
	Name: Born: Died: Positions:     Date entered polygamy: Eventual No. of wives:	Heber C. Kimball June 14, 1801 June 22, 1868 (aged 67) First Counselor in the First Presidency, called by Brigham Young, December 27, 1847 – June 22, 1868 Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, called by Three Witnesses, February 14, 1835 – December 27, 1847 LDS Church Apostle, called by Three Witnesses, February 14, 1835 – June 22, 1868 1842[6] 45
	Name: Born: Died: Positions:     Date entered polygamy: Eventual No. of wives: Notes:	Willard Richards June 24, 1804 March 11, 1854 (aged 49) Second Counselor in the First Presidency, called by Brigham Young, December 27, 1847 – March 11, 1854 Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, called by Joseph Smith, April 14, 1840 – December 27, 1847 LDS Church Apostle, called by Joseph Smith, April 14, 1840 – March 11, 1854 January 18, 1843[6] 14 Richards was incarcerated in Carthage Jail with Joseph Smith, Hyrum Smith and John Taylor on June 27, 1844, when the jail was attacked by a mob and the Smith brothers were murdered.
	Name: Born: Died: Positions:         Date entered polygamy: Eventual No. of wives: Notes:	William Smith March 13, 1811 November 13, 1893 (aged 82) Petitioner for Patriarchate (RLDS Church), called by Joseph Smith III, April 6, 1872 – November 13, 1893 3rd Presiding Patriarch (LDS Church), May 24, 1845 – October 6, 1845 Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, May 25, 1839 – October 6, 1845 Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, called by Three Witnesses, February 15, 1835 – May 4, 1839 Latter Day Saint Apostle, called by Joseph Smith, February 15, 1835 – October 6, 1845 August 1843[6] 22 Brother of Joseph Smith. Was removed from the Quorum due to apostasy May 4, 1839, but readmitted May 25, 1839. Was then excommunicated for apostasy on October 6, 1845. Followed James J. Strang for a time, then started his own LDS Church in Covington, Kentucky. In later years he joined the RLDS Church (now Community of Christ) and was a petitioner for RLDS Patriarchate from April 1872 to 13 November 1893.  Introduced polygamy to the Strangite Mormons. His Church in Covington, Kentucky, which also disintegrated after he introduced spiritual wifery into it. He always denied he and his brother Joseph had ever practiced or taught spiritual wifery or any other form of polygamy
	Name: Born: Died: Positions:   Date entered polygamy: Eventual No. of wives: Notes:	Thomas Bullock December 23, 1816 February 10, 1885 (aged 68) Reporter and Member of the Council of Fifty[9], called by Brigham Young, December 25, 1846 – June 24, 1882 Clerk in the Church Historian's Office, called by Joseph Smith, c. 1843 January 23, 1843<[6] 3 Bullock also was a member of the Council of Fifty and a clerk in the Church Historian's Office.[10][11]
	Name: Born: Died: Positions:     Date entered polygamy: Eventual No. of wives: Notes:	Orson Pratt September 19, 1811 October 3, 1881 (aged 70) Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, January 20, 1843 – October 3, 1881 Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, called by Three Witnesses, April 26, 1835 – August 20, 1842 LDS Church Apostle, called by Three Witnesses, April 26, 1835 March 10, 1843[6] 10 Younger brother of Parley P. Pratt. Was excommunicated for apostasy Aug 20, 1842, but readmitted Jan 20, 1843. As a result, was given reduced seniority in Jun 1875. Last surviving member of the original Quorum. Under the direction of Brigham Young, he published The Seer.  The Seer was a periodical published to defend the LDS Church's practice of polygamy. Despite William Clayton claiming in his journal, first published in 1921, that she had been told of the revelation on polygamy on July 12, 1843,[12] Emma Smith, Joseph Smith's widow, claimed that the very first time she ever became aware of polygamy being attributed to her late husband was 10 years later when she read about it in Pratt's The Seer in 1853.[13]
	Name: Born: Died: Positions: Date entered polygamy: Eventual No. of wives: Notes:	William Clayton July 17, 1814 December 4, 1879 (aged 65) Member and Clerk of the Council of Fifty[9], March 11, 1844 – December 4, 1879 April 27, 1843 10 Credited with inventing a version of the modern odometer.  Smith dictated the 1843 revelation on polygamy to Clayton. (See Origin of Latter Day Saint polygamy)
	Name: Born: Died: Positions:       Date entered polygamy: Eventual No. of wives: Notes:	Orson Hyde January 8, 1805 November 28, 1878 (aged 73) President of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, December 27, 1847 – April 10, 1875 Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, June 27, 1839 – November 28, 1878 Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, called by Three Witnesses, February 15, 1835 – May 4, 1839 LDS Church Apostle, called by Three Witnesses, February 15, 1835 – November 28, 1878 April 1843[6] 9 Was removed from the Quorum due to apostasy May 4, 1839, but readmitted June 27, 1839. As a result, was given reduced seniority on April 10, 1875.  His wife Marinda married Joseph Smith in a polyandrous marriage while Hyde was on a mission to Jerusalem.
	Name: Born: Died: Positions:   Date entered polygamy: Eventual No. of wives: Notes:	Parley P. Pratt April 12, 1807 May 13, 1857 (aged 50) Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, called by Three Witnesses, February 21, 1835 – May 13, 1857 LDS Church Apostle, called by Three Witnesses, February 21, 1835 – May 13, 1857 June 24, 1843[6] 11 In 1857, on a farm northeast of Van Buren, Arkansas, Pratt was murdered by Hector McLean, the legal husband of one of Pratt's plural wives.[14] Pratt is buried near Alma, Arkansas.
	Name: Born: Died: Positions:       Date entered polygamy: Eventual No. of wives: Notes:	Amasa Lyman March 30, 1813 February 4, 1877 (aged 63) Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, October 6, 1845 – October 6, 1867 Counselor in the First Presidency, called by Joseph Smith, February 4, 1843 – June 27, 1844 Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, called by Joseph Smith, August 20, 1842 – January 20, 1843 Latter Day Saint Apostle, called by Joseph Smith, August 20, 1842 – October 6, 1867 July 1843[6] 9 Was temporarily removed from the Quorum of the Twelve due to the re-entry of Orson Pratt on January 20, 1843; Lyman was later readmitted on August 12, 1844. Lyman was excommunicated for apostasy on May 6, 1867.
	Name: Born: Died: Positions:       Date entered polygamy: Eventual No. of wives: Notes:	John Taylor November 1, 1808 July 25, 1887 (aged 78) 3rd President of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, October 10, 1880 – July 25, 1887 President of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, April 10, 1875 – October 10, 1880 Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, called by Joseph Smith, December 19, 1838 – October 10, 1880 LDS Church Apostle, called by Joseph Smith, December 19, 1838 – July 25, 1887 December 12, 1843[6] 9[15] Was promoted to Quorum President when Orson Hyde was given reduced seniority.  Had 34 children.[16]
	Name: Born: Died: Date entered polygamy: Eventual No. of wives: Notes:	Edwin D. Woolley, Sr. June 28, 1807 October 12, 1881 (aged 74) 1843[6] 6 Woolley was a member of the Utah Territorial Legislature in 1851.
	Name: Born: Died: Positions:   Date entered polygamy: Eventual No. of wives: Notes:	Erastus Snow November 9, 1818 May 27, 1888 (aged 69) Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, called by Brigham Young, February 12, 1849 – May 27, 1888 LDS Church Apostle, called by Brigham Young, February 12, 1849 – May 27, 1888 April 2, 1844[6] 16 Was also a member of the Council of Fifty
	Name: Born: Died: Positions: Date entered polygamy: Eventual No. of wives: Notes:	John D. Lee September 12, 1812 March 23, 1877 (aged 64) Member of the Council of Fifty[9], called by Brigham Young 14 March and 11 April 1844., 1844 – March 23, 1877 April 19, 1844[6] 19 Was executed for his role in the Mountain Meadows massacre.
	Name: Born: Died: Positions:   Date entered polygamy: Eventual No. of wives: Notes:	Ezra T. Benson February 22, 1811 September 3, 1869 (aged 58) Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, called by Brigham Young, July 16, 1846 – September 3, 1869 LDS Church Apostle, called by Brigham Young, July 16, 1846 – September 3, 1869 April 27, 1844[6] 8 Great-grandfather of the thirteenth president of LDS church, Ezra Taft Benson

The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints

The following members of the LDS Church practiced plural marriage:

Presidents of the Church

	Name: Born: Died: Positions:       Date entered polygamy: Eventual No. of wives: Notes:	Heber J. Grant November 22, 1856 May 14, 1945 (aged 88) 7th President of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, November 23, 1918 – May 14, 1945 President of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, November 18, 1916 – November 23, 1918 Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, called by John Taylor, October 16, 1882 – November 23, 1918 LDS Church Apostle, called by John Taylor, October 16, 1882 – May 14, 1945 May 26, 1884 3 Grant succeeded Joseph F. Smith as president of the LDS Church in November 1918. However, he was not sustained in the position by the general church membership until June 1919, as the influenza pandemic of 1918 forced a delay of the church's traditional springtime general conference.  In 1899, Grant pleaded guilty to unlawful cohabitation and was fined $100.[17] During his tenure as president, Grant enforced the 1890 Manifesto outlawing plural marriage. In 1935, Grant excommunicated members of the church in Short Creek, Arizona that refused to sign the loyalty pledge to the church that included a renunciation of plural marriage.
	Name: Born: Died: Positions:                 Date entered polygamy: Eventual No. of wives: Notes:	Joseph F. Smith November 13, 1838 November 19, 1918 (aged 80) 6th President of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, October 17, 1901 – November 19, 1918 President of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, October 10, 1901 – October 17, 1901 First Counselor in the First Presidency, called by Lorenzo Snow, October 6, 1901 – October 10, 1901 Second Counselor in the First Presidency, called by Wilford Woodruff, April 7, 1889 – October 6, 1901 Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, July 25, 1887 – April 7, 1889 Second Counselor in the First Presidency, called by John Taylor, October 10, 1880 – July 25, 1887 Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, August 29, 1877 – October 10, 1880 Counselor in the First Presidency, called by Brigham Young, July 1, 1866 – August 29, 1877 LDS Church Apostle, called by Brigham Young, July 1, 1866 – November 19, 1918 May 6, 1866 6 Son of Hyrum Smith, and nephew of Joseph Smith  Issued the Second Manifesto in 1904.
	Name: Born: Died: Positions:             Date entered polygamy: Eventual No. of wives: Notes:	Lorenzo Snow April 3, 1814 October 10, 1901 (aged 87) 5th President of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, September 13, 1898 – October 10, 1901 President of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, April 7, 1889 – September 13, 1898 Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, August 29, 1877 – September 13, 1898 Assistant Counselor in the First Presidency, called by Brigham Young, May 9, 1874 – August 29, 1877 Counselor in the First Presidency, called by Brigham Young, June 8, 1873 – May 9, 1874 Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, called by Brigham Young, February 12, 1849 – June 8, 1873 LDS Church Apostle, called by Brigham Young, February 12, 1849 – October 10, 1901 1845 11 Brother-in-law of both Joseph Smith and Brigham Young through Eliza R. Snow.  Convicted of unlawful cohabitation in 1885 and was imprisoned in 1885 and 1886. Was one of the few Latter-day Saint leaders that ceased cohabiting with his already existing plural wives after the 1890 Manifesto
	Name: Born: Died: Positions:       Date entered polygamy: Eventual No. of wives: Notes:	John Taylor November 1, 1808 July 25, 1887 (aged 78) 3rd President of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, October 10, 1880 – July 25, 1887 President of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, April 10, 1875 – October 10, 1880 Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, called by Joseph Smith, December 19, 1838 – October 10, 1880 LDS Church Apostle, called by Joseph Smith, December 19, 1838 – July 25, 1887 December 12, 1843[6] 9[18] Was promoted to Quorum President when Orson Hyde was given reduced seniority.  Had 34 children.[19]
	Name: Born: Died: Positions:       Date entered polygamy: Eventual No. of wives: Notes:	Wilford Woodruff March 1, 1807 September 2, 1898 (aged 91) 4th President of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, April 7, 1889 – September 2, 1898 President of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, October 10, 1880 – April 7, 1889 Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, called by Joseph Smith, April 26, 1839 – April 7, 1889 Apostle, called by Joseph Smith, April 26, 1839 – September 2, 1898 December 12, 1843[6] 9 Became Quorum President because Orson Pratt was given reduced seniority.  Had 34 children.
	Name: Born: Died: Positions:       Date entered polygamy: Eventual No. of wives: Notes:	Brigham Young June 1, 1801 August 29, 1877 (aged 76) 2nd President of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, December 27, 1847 – August 29, 1877 President of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, April 14, 1840 – December 27, 1847 Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, called by Three Witnesses, February 14, 1835 – December 27, 1847 LDS Church Apostle, called by Three Witnesses, February 14, 1835 – August 29, 1877 April 5, 1841[6] 55 Succeeded Smith as leader of the LDS Church. Was also Governor of Utah Territory from February 3, 1851 to April 12, 1858.  Is probably the most famous Latter Day Saint polygamist with 55 wives.

Members of the First Presidency and Quorum of the Twelve Apostles

	Name: Born: Died: Positions:   Date entered polygamy: Eventual No. of wives: Notes:	Ezra T. Benson February 22, 1811 September 3, 1869 (aged 58) Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, called by Brigham Young, July 16, 1846 – September 3, 1869 LDS Church Apostle, called by Brigham Young, July 16, 1846 – September 3, 1869 April 27, 1844[6] 8 Great-grandfather of the thirteenth president of LDS church, Ezra Taft Benson
	Name: Born: Died: Positions:     Date entered polygamy: Eventual No. of wives: Notes:	Abraham H. Cannon March 12, 1859 July 19, 1896 (aged 37) Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, called by Wilford Woodruff, October 7, 1889 – July 19, 1896 LDS Church Apostle, called by Wilford Woodruff, October 7, 1889 – July 19, 1896 First Seven Presidents of the Seventy, called by John Taylor, October 8, 1882 – October 7, 1889 Oct 15, 1879 3 Was a member of the Council of Fifty. Son of apostle George Q. Cannon.  Convicted of unlawful cohabitation in 1886 and imprisoned for six months.
	Name: Born: Died: Positions:                 Date entered polygamy: Eventual No. of wives: Notes:	George Q. Cannon January 11, 1827 April 12, 1901 (aged 74) First Counselor in the First Presidency, called by Lorenzo Snow, September 13, 1898 – April 12, 1901 First Counselor in the First Presidency, called by Wilford Woodruff, April 7, 1889 – September 2, 1898 Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, July 25, 1887 – April 7, 1889 First Counselor in the First Presidency, called by John Taylor, October 10, 1880 – July 25, 1887 Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, August 29, 1877 – October 10, 1880 Assistant Counselor in the First Presidency, called by Brigham Young, May 9, 1874 – August 29, 1877 Counselor in the First Presidency, called by Brigham Young, June 8, 1873 – May 9, 1874 Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, called by Brigham Young, August 26, 1860 – June 8, 1873 LDS Church Apostle, called by Brigham Young, August 26, 1860 – April 12, 1901 October 15, 1879 3[6] Convicted of unlawful cohabitation in 1886 and imprisoned for six months.
	Name: Born: Died: Positions:         Date entered polygamy: Eventual No. of wives: Notes:	Albert Carrington January 8, 1813 September 19, 1889 (aged 76) Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, August 29, 1877 – November 7, 1885 Assistant Counselor in the First Presidency, called by Brigham Young, May 9, 1874 – August 29, 1877 Counselor in the First Presidency, called by Brigham Young, June 8, 1873 – May 9, 1874 Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, called by Brigham Young, July 3, 1870 – June 8, 1873 LDS Church Apostle, called by Brigham Young, July 3, 1870 – November 7, 1885 c. 1842 2 Also served as an official Church Historian (1871–1874), as a member of the Council of Fifty and in the Utah Territorial Legislature (1869). Was excommunicated for adultery November 7, 1885, and later rebaptized on November 1, 1887; however, he was not reinstated as an apostle or as a general authority.
	Name: Born: Died: Positions:           Date entered polygamy: Eventual No. of wives: Notes:	Rudger Clawson March 12, 1857 June 21, 1943 (aged 86) President of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, March 17, 1921 – June 21, 1943 Acting President of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, November 23, 1918 – March 17, 1921 Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, October 10, 1901 – June 21, 1943 Second Counselor in the First Presidency, October 6, 1901 – October 10, 1901 Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, October 10, 1898 – October 6, 1901 LDS Church Apostle, October 10, 1898 – June 21, 1943 March 29, 1883 3 Clawson served in the Quorum of the Twelve for 45 years. The town of Clawson, Utah is named after him.  Clawson was the first person convicted of unlawful cohabitation under the Edmunds Act.[20] He was sentenced to 3½ years imprisonment and fined $1,500.[20]
	Name: Born: Died: Positions:   Date entered polygamy: Eventual No. of wives: Notes:	Matthias F. Cowley August 25, 1858 June 16, 1940 (aged 81) Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, called by Wilford Woodruff, October 7, 1897[21] – October 28, 1905 LDS Church Apostle, called by Wilford Woodruff, October 7, 1897[21] – May 11, 1911[22] September 22, 1889 3 The town of Cowley, Wyoming is named after him. Cowley resigned from the Quorum October 28, 1905. He remained an ordained apostle of the church until his priesthood was suspended in on May 11, 1911, and later restored on April 3, 1936.  Reports of Cowley's continuing involvement in new plural marriages led to his priesthood being suspended, and he continued to be linked with plural marriage over the next several years.
	Name: Born: Died: Positions:     Date entered polygamy: Eventual No. of wives: Notes:	Jedediah M. Grant February 21, 1816 December 1, 1856 (aged 40) Second Counselor in the First Presidency, called by Brigham Young, April 7, 1854 – December 1, 1856 LDS Church Apostle, called by Brigham Young, April 7, 1854 – December 1, 1856 First Seven Presidents of the Seventy, called by Brigham Young, December 2, 1845 – April 7, 1854 February 11, 1849 7 He was known for his fiery speeches during the Reformation of 1856, earning the nickname, "Brigham's Sledgehammer". He was a member of the Council of Fifty and Mayor of Salt Lake City (1851–56). He is the father of Heber J. Grant, who later served as President of the Church.
	Name: Born: Died: Positions:       Date entered polygamy: Eventual No. of wives: Notes:	Orson Hyde January 8, 1805 November 28, 1878 (aged 73) President of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, December 27, 1847 – April 10, 1875 Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, June 27, 1839 – November 28, 1878 Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, called by Three Witnesses, February 15, 1835 – May 4, 1839 LDS Church Apostle, called by Three Witnesses, February 15, 1835 – November 28, 1878 April 1843[6] 9 Was removed from the Quorum due to apostasy May 4, 1839, but readmitted June 27, 1839. As a result, was given reduced seniority on April 10, 1875.  His wife Marinda married Joseph Smith in a polyandrous marriage while Hyde was on a mission to Jerusalem.
	Name: Born: Died: Positions:     Date entered polygamy: Eventual No. of wives:	Heber C. Kimball June 14, 1801 June 22, 1868 (aged 67) First Counselor in the First Presidency, called by Brigham Young, December 27, 1847 – June 22, 1868 Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, called by Three Witnesses, February 14, 1835 – December 27, 1847 LDS Church Apostle, called by Three Witnesses, February 14, 1835 – June 22, 1868 1842[6] 45
	Name: Born: Died: Positions:       Date entered polygamy: Eventual No. of wives: Notes:	Amasa Lyman March 30, 1813 February 4, 1877 (aged 63) Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, October 6, 1845 – October 6, 1867 Counselor in the First Presidency, called by Joseph Smith, February 4, 1843 – June 27, 1844 Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, called by Joseph Smith, August 20, 1842 – January 20, 1843 Latter Day Saint Apostle, called by Joseph Smith, August 20, 1842 – October 6, 1867 July 1843[6] 9 Was temporarily removed from the Quorum of the Twelve due to the re-entry of Orson Pratt on January 20, 1843; Lyman was later readmitted on August 12, 1844. Lyman was excommunicated for apostasy on May 6, 1867.
	Name: Born: Died: Positions:     Date entered polygamy: Eventual No. of wives: Notes:	Francis M. Lyman January 12, 1840 November 18, 1916 (aged 76) President of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, October 6, 1903 – November 18, 1916 Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, called by John Taylor, October 27, 1880 – November 18, 1916 LDS Church Apostle, called by John Taylor, October 27, 1880 – November 18, 1916 October 4, 1869 2 Member of the Council of Fifty. Son of Amasa M. Lyman
	Name: Born: Died: Positions:   Date entered polygamy: Eventual No. of wives: Notes:	Richard R. Lyman November 23, 1870 December 31, 1963 (aged 93) Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, called by Joseph F. Smith, April 7, 1918 – November 12, 1943 LDS Church Apostle, called by Joseph F. Smith, April 7, 1918 – November 12, 1943 c. 1925 2 Son of Francis M. Lyman and grandson of Amasa M. Lyman. In 1925, Lyman had begun what he called a polygamous relationship without the knowledge of his first wife. Lyman was excommunicated on November 12, 1943. The Quorum of the Twelve provided the newspapers with a one-sentence announcement, stating that the ground for excommunication was violation of the law of chastity.
	Name: Born: Died: Positions:   Date entered polygamy: Eventual No. of wives: Notes:	Marriner W. Merrill 25 September 1832 6 February 1906 (aged 73) Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, called by Wilford Woodruff, 7 October 1889 – 6 February 1906 LDS Church Apostle, called by Wilford Woodruff, 7 October 1889 – 6 February 1906 5 June 1856 8 Merrill was also the Postmaster of Richmond in 1866, a County Selectman from 1872 to 1879 and a member of the territorial legislature for two terms.[23]  Merrill married his eighth wife after the 1890 Manifesto announced the discontinuation of polygamy. He is alleged also to have advocated and performed post-Manifesto plural marriages.[24][25] Merrill was summoned twice as a witness before the Smoot investigation before the United States Congress, but declined citing poor health.
	Name: Born: Died: Positions:   Date entered polygamy: Eventual No. of wives: Notes:	Charles W. Nibley February 5, 1849 December 11, 1931 (aged 82) Second Counselor in the First Presidency, May 28, 1925 – December 11, 1931 Presiding Bishop, December 4, 1907 – May 28, 1925 30 March 1880 3 Nibley was also the fifth presiding bishop of the LDS Church between 1907 and 1925. He is one of the few individuals to serve in the First Presidency without having been ordained to the priesthood office of apostle.
	Name: Born: Died: Positions:     Date entered polygamy: Eventual No. of wives: Notes:	Orson Pratt September 19, 1811 October 3, 1881 (aged 70) Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, January 20, 1843 – October 3, 1881 Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, called by Three Witnesses, April 26, 1835 – August 20, 1842 LDS Church Apostle, called by Three Witnesses, April 26, 1835 March 10, 1843[6] 10 Younger brother of Parley P. Pratt. Was excommunicated for apostasy Aug 20, 1842, but readmitted Jan 20, 1843. As a result, was given reduced seniority in Jun 1875. Last surviving member of the original Quorum. Under the direction of Brigham Young, he published The Seer.  The Seer was a periodical published to defend the LDS Church's practice of polygamy. Despite William Clayton claiming in his journal, first published in 1921, that she had been told of the revelation on polygamy on July 12, 1843,[26] Emma Smith, Joseph Smith's widow, claimed that the very first time she ever became aware of polygamy being attributed to her late husband was 10 years later when she read about it in Pratt's The Seer in 1853.[27]
	Name: Born: Died: Positions:   Date entered polygamy: Eventual No. of wives: Notes:	Parley P. Pratt April 12, 1807 May 13, 1857 (aged 50) Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, called by Three Witnesses, February 21, 1835 – May 13, 1857 LDS Church Apostle, called by Three Witnesses, February 21, 1835 – May 13, 1857 June 24, 1843[6] 11 In 1857, on a farm northeast of Van Buren, Arkansas, Pratt was murdered by Hector McLean, the legal husband of one of Pratt's plural wives.[28] Pratt is buried near Alma, Arkansas.
	Name: Born: Died: Positions:   Date entered polygamy: Eventual No. of wives: Notes:	Charles C. Rich August 21, 1809 November 17, 1883 (aged 74) Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, called by Brigham Young, February 12, 1849 – November 17, 1883 LDS Church Apostle, called by Brigham Young, February 12, 1849 – November 17, 1883 January 6, 1845 6 Was also a member of the Council of Fifty.
	Name: Born: Died: Positions:     Date entered polygamy: Eventual No. of wives:	Franklin D. Richards April 2, 1821 December 9, 1899 (aged 78) President of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, September 13, 1898 – December 9, 1899 Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, called by Brigham Young, February 12, 1849 – December 9, 1899 LDS Church Apostle, called by Brigham Young, February 12, 1849 – December 9, 1899 October 13, 1849 11
	Name: Born: Died: Positions:     Date entered polygamy: Eventual No. of wives: Notes:	Willard Richards June 24, 1804 March 11, 1854 (aged 49) Second Counselor in the First Presidency, called by Brigham Young, December 27, 1847 – March 11, 1854 Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, called by Joseph Smith, April 14, 1840 – December 27, 1847 LDS Church Apostle, called by Joseph Smith, April 14, 1840 – March 11, 1854 January 18, 1843[6] 14 Richards was incarcerated in Carthage Jail with Joseph Smith, Hyrum Smith and John Taylor on June 27, 1844, when the jail was attacked by a mob and the Smith brothers were murdered.
	Name: Born: Died: Positions:     Date entered polygamy: Eventual No. of wives: Notes:	George A. Smith June 26, 1817 September 1, 1875 (aged 58) First Counselor in the First Presidency, called by Brigham Young, October 7, 1868 – September 1, 1875 Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, called by Joseph Smith, April 26, 1839 – October 7, 1868 LDS Church Apostle, called by Joseph Smith, April 26, 1839 – September 1, 1875 November 29, 1844 7 Cousin of Joseph Smith. During The Utah War, Smith visited southern Utah communities, after learning of the imminent arrival of U.S. troops into Utah Territory. Scholars have asserted that Smith’s tour, speeches, and personal actions may have contributed to the fear and tension in these communities, which led to the Mountain Meadows massacre. George A. Smith's grandson, George Albert Smith, later became president of the church in 1945.
	Name: Born: Died: Positions:     Date entered polygamy: Eventual No. of wives: Notes:	John Henry Smith September 18, 1848 October 13, 1911 (aged 63) Second Counselor in the First Presidency, April 7, 1910 – October 13, 1911 Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, October 27, 1880 – April 7, 1910 LDS Church Apostle, October 27, 1880 – October 13, 1911 April 4, 1877 2 Son of George A. Smith. After being elected a member of the Utah Territorial Legislature in 1882, he played an important role in the process whereby Utah made the transition from a territory to a state of the United States.
	Name: Born: Died: Positions:   Date entered polygamy: Eventual No. of wives: Notes:	John W. Taylor May 15, 1858 October 10, 1916 (aged 58) Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, called by John Taylor, May 15, 1884 – April 1905 LDS Church Apostle, called by John Taylor, May 15, 1884 – March 28, 1911[29] September 25, 1888 6 Son of John Taylor. Resigned from the Quorum in October 1905 and was excommunicated in 1911.  Due to his staunch belief in the doctrine of plural marriage, Taylor continued to privately marry additional wives even after the church officially forbade the practice with the 1890 Manifesto. When discovered, Taylor resigned from the Quorum of the Twelve.
	Name: Born: Died: Positions:   Date entered polygamy: Eventual No. of wives: Notes:	George Teasdale 8 December 1831 9 June 1907 (aged 75) Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, called by John Taylor, 16 October 1882 – 9 June 1907 LDS Church Apostle, called by John Taylor, 16 October 1882 – 9 June 1907 9 Was also a member of the Council of Fifty.
	Name: Born: Died: Positions:     Date entered polygamy: Eventual No. of wives: Notes:	Daniel H. Wells October 27, 1814 March 24, 1891 (aged 76) Counselor to the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, called by John Taylor, October 6, 1877 – March 24, 1891 Second Counselor in First Presidency, called by Brigham Young, January 4, 1857 – August 29, 1877 LDS Church Apostle, called by Brigham Young, January 4, 1857 – March 24, 1891 February 15, 1849 7 Wells was a member of the Council of Fifty, Mayor of Salt Lake City (1866–76), president of the Manti Utah Temple (1888–91), and presided over the continuing construction of the Salt Lake Temple as the superintendent of public works for the LDS Church (1848–63). On April 6, 1877, Wells dedicated the St. George Utah Temple.
	Name: Born: Died: Positions:   Date entered polygamy: Eventual No. of wives: Notes:	John R. Winder December 11, 1821 March 27, 1910 (aged 88) First Counselor in the First Presidency, called by Joseph F. Smith, October 17, 1901 – March 27, 1910 Second Counselor in the Presiding Bishopric, called by William B. Preston, April 8, 1887 – October 17, 1901 September, 30 1855 4 Winder was a figure in politics and the militia in the territory. He led the Nauvoo Legion to stop the advance of Johnston's Army in the Utah War of 1857. In the Black Hawk War (Utah), he fought as Adjutant General. Having never been a member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles prior to his call to the First Presidency, a rarity, there has been some dispute as to whether or not Winder was ordained an Apostle at the time of his appointment as first counselor. The LDS Church has no record of Winder being ordained to the office of Apostle.
	Name: Born: Died: Positions:   Date entered polygamy: Eventual No. of wives: Notes:	Abraham O. Woodruff November 23, 1872 June 20, 1904 (aged 31) Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, called by Wilford Woodruff, October 7, 1897[21] – June 20, 1904 LDS Church Apostle, called by Wilford Woodruff, October 7, 1897[21] – June 20, 1904 November 1, 1900 2 Son of Wilford Woodruff. He was ordained an apostle at the young age of 23, but served less than 8 years due to his death of smallpox.  Married his second wife ten years after his father had issued the 1890 Manifesto.
	Name: Born: Died: Positions:           Date entered polygamy: Eventual No. of wives: Notes:	Brigham Young, Jr. December 18, 1836 April 11, 1903 (aged 66) President of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, October 17, 1901 – April 11, 1903 Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, August 29, 1877 – April 11, 1903 Assistant Counselor in the First Presidency, called by Brigham Young, May 9, 1874 – August 29, 1877 Counselor in the First Presidency, called by Brigham Young, June 8, 1873 – May 9, 1874 Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, called by Brigham Young, October 9, 1868 – June 8, 1873 LDS Church Apostle, called by Brigham Young, February 4, 1864 – April 11, 1903 March, 15, 1857 6 Son of Brigham Young. Was ordained an apostle in 1864, but did not become member of the Quorum until 1868. Also served several terms in the Utah Territorial Legislature.[30]
	Name: Born: Died: Positions:         Date entered polygamy: Eventual No. of wives: Notes:	John Willard Young October 1, 1844 February 12, 1924 (aged 79) Counselor to the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, called by John Taylor, October 6, 1877 – October 3, 1891 First Counselor in the First Presidency, called by Brigham Young, October 8, 1876 – August 29, 1877 Assistant Counselor in the First Presidency, called by Brigham Young, May 9, 1874 – October 8, 1876 Counselor in the First Presidency, called by Brigham Young, June 8, 1873 – May 9, 1874 LDS Church Apostle, called by Brigham Young, November 22, 1855 – February 12, 1924 c. 1844 6 Served as member of the Council of Fifty. In 1888, Joseph F. Smith accused Young of unethically using church funds to maintain a lavish lifestyle.[31] By April 1889, the First Presidency and Quorum of the Twelve Apostles were discussing Young’s release. In response, Young resigned from his position on October 3, 1891.[31] For another 33 years, Young remained a church apostle, but never again served as a general authority.

Other church general authorities

	Name: Born: Died: Positions: Date entered polygamy: Eventual No. of wives: Notes:	Titus Billings March 25, 1793 February 6, 1866 (aged 72) Second Counselor to the Bishop of the Church, called by Edward Partridge, August 1, 1837 – May 27, 1840 January 20, 1854 2 An early member of the Latter Day Saint movement and a contemporary of both Joseph Smith and Brigham Young. He was one of the first converts to The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Billings was present at many of the early events of the Latter Day Saint movement, and served as a church leader in Ohio, Missouri and Utah.
	Name: Born: Died: Positions:   Date entered polygamy: Eventual No. of wives: Notes:	Robert T. Burton 25 October 1821 11 November 1907 (aged 86) First Counselor in the Presiding Bishopric, called by William B. Preston, 5 October 1884 – 11 November 1907 Second Counselor in the Presiding Bishopric, called by Edward Hunter, 9 October 1874 – 16 October 1883 February 6, 1856 3 Member of the presiding bishopric of from 1874 until his death. He was also one of the principal officers in the Nauvoo Legion during its Utah reconstitution (including the Utah War)[32] and led the territorial militia against the Morrisites during the 1862 Morrisite War.
	Name: Born: Died: Positions:   Date entered polygamy: Eventual No. of wives: Notes:	Levi W. Hancock April 7, 1803 June 10, 1882 (aged 79) First Seven Presidents of the Seventy, September 3, 1837 – June 10, 1882 First Seven Presidents of the Seventy, March 1, 1835 – April 6, 1837 February 24, 1849 5 Served as member of the Council of Fifty (1846) and the 1st Utah Territorial Legislature. Was honorably released from the First Seven Presidents of the Seventy because it was mistakenly thought he had been previously ordained a high priest
	Name: Born: Died: Positions: Date entered polygamy: Eventual No. of wives: Notes:	Leonard W. Hardy December 31, 1805 July 31, 1884 (aged 78) First Counselor in the Presiding Bishopric, called by Edward Hunter, October 6, 1856 – July 31, 1884 Nov 28, 1850 5 Served as member of the Council of Fifty.
	Name: Born: Died: Positions: Date entered polygamy: Eventual No. of wives: Notes:	George Miller November 25, 1794 August 27, 1856 (aged 61) Second Bishop of the Church, called by Brigham Young, October 7, 1844 – Latter end of 1846 January 25, 1846 3 Served as member of the Council of Fifty. Served as member of the Council of Fifty. Disfellowshipped from the church on 3 December 1848 due to his opposition of Brigham Young's leadership, however, he was never formally excommunicated.
	Name: Born: Died: Positions: Date entered polygamy: Eventual No. of wives: Notes:	John Hamilton Morgan August 8, 1842 August 14, 1894 (aged 52) First Seven Presidents of the Seventy, called by John Taylor, October 5, 1884 – August 14, 1894 January 25, 1884 3 An early educator in Utah Territory
	Name: Born: Died: Positions: Date entered polygamy: Eventual No. of wives: Notes:	Isaac Morley March 11, 1786 June 24, 1865 (aged 79) First Counselor to the Bishop of the Church, called by Edward Partridge, June 3, 1831[33] – May 27, 1840 1844 7 Morley was one of the first converts to Smith's Church of Christ. Morley was present at many of the early events of the Latter Day Saint movement, and served as a church leader in Ohio, Missouri and Utah Territory. Served as a member of the Council of Fifty.
	Name: Born: Died: Positions: Date entered polygamy: Eventual No. of wives: Notes:	George Reynolds January 1, 1842 August 9, 1909 (aged 67) First Council of the Seventy, called by Wilford Woodruff, April 5, 1890 – August 9, 1909 August 3, 1874 3 Was the accused in the U.S. Supreme Court case on polygamy, Reynolds v. United States and was the first convicted Mormon polygamist to serve a term of imprisonment.
	Name: Born: Died: Positions: Date entered polygamy: Eventual No. of wives:	B. H. Roberts March 13, 1857 September 27, 1933 (aged 76) First Council of the Seventy, called by John Taylor, October 7, 1888 – September 27, 1933 October 2, 1884 3
	Name: Born: Died: Positions: Date entered polygamy: Eventual No. of wives: Notes:	John Smith September 22, 1832 November 6, 1911 (aged 79) 5th Presiding Patriarch, called by Brigham Young, February 18, 1855 – November 6, 1911 February 18, 1857 2 Nephew of Joseph Smith, Jr. (father was Hyrum Smith).
	Name: Born: Died: Positions:   Date entered polygamy: Eventual No. of wives: Notes:	John Smith July 16, 1781 May 23, 1854 (aged 72) 4th Presiding Patriarch, called by Brigham Young, January 1, 1849 – May 23, 1854 Assistant Counselor in the First Presidency, called by Joseph Smith, September 3, 1837 – June 27, 1844 1843 10 Younger brother of Joseph Smith, Sr. and uncle of Joseph Smith. Served as a member of the Council of Fifty, as a counselor in the First Presidency(1837–1844), and as the 4th Presiding Patriarch of the LDS Church (1849–1854).
	Name: Born: Died: Positions: Date entered polygamy: Eventual No. of wives: Notes:	Zerubbabel Snow March 29, 1809 September 27, 1888 (aged 79) First Quorum of the Seventy, 1835-unknown August 25, 1841 3 Was elected Attorney General of the Territory of Utah in 1869.
	Name: Born: Died: Positions: Date entered polygamy: Eventual No. of wives: Notes:	Edward Stevenson May 1, 1820 January 27, 1897 (aged 76) First Council of the Seventy, October 7, 1894-January 27, 1897 October 28, 1855 7 He is also notable for writing a memoir of Joseph Smith in 1893, which ended up being the earliest surviving documentary source supporting the story of Joseph Smith having taught prior to 1836 that he had seen God and Jesus Christ as two separate beings in his First Vision.
	Name: Born: Died: Positions: Date entered polygamy: Eventual No. of wives: Notes:	William W. Taylor September 11, 1853 August 1, 1884 (aged 30) First Seven Presidents of the Seventy, April 7, 1880-August 1, 1884 March 29, 1884 2 Was a member of the Utah Territorial Legislature
	Name: Born: Died: Positions: Date entered polygamy: Eventual No. of wives: Notes:	John Van Cott September 7, 1814 February 18, 1883 (aged 68) First Seven Presidents of the Seventy, October 8, 1862-February 18, 1883 May 02, 1849 5 Served as member of the Council of Fifty.
	Name: Born: Died: Positions:   Date entered polygamy: Eventual No. of wives: Notes:	Newel K. Whitney February 5, 1795 September 24, 1850 (aged 55) Presiding Bishop, June 6, 1847-September 23, 1850 First Bishop of the Church, October 7, 1844-June 6, 1847 February 14, 1845 up to 8 Served as member of the Council of Fifty.
	Name: Born: Died: Positions: Date entered polygamy: Eventual No. of wives: Notes:	Joseph Young April 7, 1797 July 16, 1881 (aged 84) First Seven Presidents of the Seventy, March 1, 1835-July 16, 1881 January 16, 1846 6 Was the elder brother of Brigham Young and a member of the Council of Fifty.

Other notable members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints

	Name: Born: Died: Date entered polygamy: Eventual No. of wives: Notes:	Milo Andrus March 6, 1814 June 19, 1893 (aged 79) January 1, 1848 11 Andrus was one of the members of Zion's Camp, and helped build the Kirtland, Nauvoo, Salt Lake, and Saint George Temples.
	Name: Born: Died: Date entered polygamy: Eventual No. of wives: Notes:	Gilbert Belnap December 22, 1821 February 26, 1899 (aged 77) June 26, 1852 2 Belnap was a Mormon pioneer, early bishop, missionary, Weber County sheriff, and colonizer. He married first cousins; his first wife was the daughter of Martha McBride Knight, one of Joseph Smith's plural wives. He was issued a recommend in 1857 to take a third wife which was never used.
	Name: Born: Died: Date entered polygamy: Eventual No. of wives: Notes:	John Milton Bernhisel June 23, 1799 September 28, 1881 (aged 82) c.1845 7 Bernhisel was elected as Utah Territory's first delegate to Congress in 1851
	Name: Born: Died: Date entered polygamy: Eventual No. of wives: Notes:	Hugh Findlay June 9, 1822 March 2, 1900 (aged 77) c. 1857 2 Findlay was one of the first two Mormon missionaries to enter India and initiated Mormon missionary work in the Shetland Islands.
	Name: Born: Died: Date entered polygamy: Eventual No. of wives: Notes:	William J. Flake July 3, 1839 August 10, 1932 (aged 93) c. 1868 2 Flake helped settle parts of Arizona
	Name: Born: Died: Date entered polygamy: Eventual No. of wives: Notes:	David Fullmer July 7, 1803 October 21, 1879 (aged 76) January 21, 1846 2 David Fullmer was a members of the Council of Fifty and the Nauvoo City Council.
	Name: Born: Died: Date entered polygamy: Eventual No. of wives: Notes:	John S. Fullmer July 21, 1807 October 8, 1883 (aged 76) January, 21, 1846 3 John Fullmer was a members of the Council of Fifty and the Utah Territorial House of Representatives.
	Name: Born: Died: Date entered polygamy: Eventual No. of wives: Notes:	Archibald Gardner September 2, 1814 February 8, 1902 (aged 87) April 19, 1849 11 Prominent business man and bishop for 32 years
	Name: Born: Died: Date entered polygamy: Eventual No. of wives: Notes:	Ephraim Hanks March 21, 1826 June 9, 1896 (aged 70) March 27, 1856 4 Hanks was a prominent member of the 19th-century Latter Day Saint movement, a Mormon pioneer and a leader in the early settlement of Utah. Hanks played a role in the rescue of the Martin handcart company, although he wasn't present during the famous Sweetwater crossing.[34] Hanks also led a militia company in scouting expeditions during the Utah War in 1857 and 1858.
	Name: Born: Died: Date entered polygamy: Eventual No. of wives: Notes:	Abraham Hoagland March 24, 1797 February 14, 1872 (aged 74) c. 1847 4 Hoagland was an early Mormon leader, pioneer, and one of the founders of Royal Oak, Michigan, and Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
	Name: Born: Died: Date entered polygamy: Eventual No. of wives: Notes:	Jacob Hamblin April 2, 1819 August 31, 1886 (aged 67) September 30, 1849 2 Hamblin was a Western pioneer, Mormon missionary, and diplomat to various Native American Tribes of the Southwest and Great Basin.
	Name: Born: Died: Date entered polygamy: Eventual No. of wives: Notes:	Charles S. Peterson July 28, 1818 September 26, 1889 (aged 71) c. 1849 4 Peterson was the first settler of Utah's Morgan Valley,[35] a member of the Utah Territorial Legislature, and one of the first settlers in the Mormon colonies in Mexico.
	Name: Born: Died: Date entered polygamy: Eventual No. of wives: Notes:	Lot Smith March 15, 1830 June 21, 1892 (aged 62) c. 1851 8 Lot was an officer in the Nauvoo Legion. He was sent on a special mission by Young to delay the United States Army from reaching Utah in 1857.
	Name: Born: Died: Date entered polygamy: Eventual No. of wives: Notes:	Orson Spencer March 14, 1802 October 15, 1855 (aged 53) c. 1835 6 Spencer was a member of the Council of Fifty and was named the first chancellor of the University of Deseret in 1850.
	Name: Born: Died: Date entered polygamy: Eventual No. of wives: Notes:	David K. Udall September 7, 1851 February 18, 1938 (aged 86) c. 1882 3 Udall married last wife in 1903, 13 years after the 1890 Manifesto
	Name: Born: Died: Date entered polygamy: Eventual No. of wives: Notes:	John Lyon March 4, 1803 November 28, 1889 (aged 86) March 28, 1856 2 Lyon was a Scottish Latter Day Saint poet and hymn writer.

Other sects within the Latter Day Saint movement

Mormon fundamentalists sects

The following are notable members of the Mormon fundamentalist movement who have practiced plural marriage:

	Name: Born: Died: Date entered polygamy: Eventual No. of wives: Notes:	Owen A. Allred January 14, 1914 February 14, 2005 (aged 91) 1942 8 Owen Allred became leader of the Apostolic United Brethren following the murder of his brother Rulon Allred.
	Name: Born: Died: Date entered polygamy: Eventual No. of wives: Notes:	Rulon C. Allred March 29, 1906 May 10, 1977 (aged 71) c. 1926 at least 12 Leader of the Apostolic United Brethren. On May 10, 1977, Allred was shot and killed by two women in his office in Murray, Utah. One of the women was later identified as Rena Chynoweth, one of Ervil LeBaron's wives. Although acquitted of the charges, Chynoweth later confessed to the crime in her memoir, The Blood Covenant.
	Name: Born: Died: Date entered polygamy: Eventual No. of wives: Notes:	John Y. Barlow March 4, 1874 December 29, 1949 (aged 75) 1902 4 While serving as a missionary for The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Barlow defended his polygamous views and was dishonorably released.[36] Later, LDS Church apostle Melvin J. Ballard, the president of the Northwest States Mission during Barlow's service there, served as witness in the disciplinary council that resulted in Barlow's excommunication.[37]
	Name: Born: Died: Date entered polygamy: Eventual No. of wives: Notes:	J. Leslie Broadbent June 3, 1891 March 16, 1935 (aged 43) June 1915 4 In 1927, Broadbent published a pamphlet Celestial Marriage advocating the practice of plural marriage. This was one of the first Mormon fundamentalist tracts and was a factor in his subsequent excommunication by the LDS Church in July 1929.
	Name: Born: Date entered polygamy: Eventual No. of wives: Notes:	Tom Green (polygamist) 1948 1980s 7 Green and his lifestyle were the subject of the British-made documentary One Man, Six Wives and Twenty-Nine Children. He and his wives have appeared on various television programmes and have a higher level of media exposure than many other contemporary polygamists.
	Name: Born: Died: Date entered polygamy: Eventual No. of wives: Notes:	James D. Harmston November 1940 June 27, 2013 c. 1990 at least 8[38] Raised in The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, James D. Harmston and his wife broke away from the Church in the 1980s and founded the True and Living Church of Jesus Christ of Saints of the Last Days.
	Name: Born: Died: Date entered polygamy: Eventual No. of wives: Notes:	Rulon Jeffs December 6, 1909 September 8, 2002 (aged 92) March 2, 1909[39] As many as 75[40] Rulon Jeffs was a leader of the Fundamentalist Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints. It was reported that at the time of Jeffs' death at age 92 that he may have had as many as 75 wives and 65 children;[41] however, conflicting sources indicate that Jeffs may have been survived by 19 or 20 wives and "about 60 children," including 33 sons.[42]
	Name: Born: Date entered polygamy: Eventual No. of wives: Notes:	Warren Jeffs December 3, 1955 78[43] Current leader of the Fundamentalist Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints. On September 25, 2007, Jeffs was found guilty of two counts of rape as an accomplice and was sentenced to imprisonment for 10 years to life.[44] However, on July 27, 2010, his conviction was reversed by Utah's Supreme Court because of incorrect jury instructions.[45] Subsequently on August 9, 2011, Jeffs was tried on two other counts of sexual assault of a child, convicted and sentenced to life in prison plus 20 years.[46]
	Name: Born: Died: Positions: Date entered polygamy: Eventual No. of wives: Notes:	Leroy S. Johnson June 12, 1888 November 25, 1986 (aged 98) Senior Member of the Priesthood Council (Short Creek Community)[47], 1954 – November 25, 1986 c. 1928 6[48] Leader of the Fundamentalist Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints. Johnson became acquainted with fundamentalist ideas in 1928 after his brother Price introduced him to John Woolley in Centerville, Utah.
	Name: Born: Died: Date entered polygamy: Eventual No. of wives: Notes:	Alex Joseph 1936 September 27, 1998 c. 1969 up to 20[49] Founder of the Confederate Nations of Israel and mayor of Big Water, Utah. Joseph was the first Libertarian mayor of a community in the United States.
	Name: Born: Died: Date entered polygamy: Eventual No. of wives: Notes:	Charles E. Kingston 1909 1947 5[50] Kingston co-foundered the Latter Day Church of Christ, also known as the Kingston Clan and the Davis County Cooperative.[51]
	Name: Born: Date entered polygamy: Eventual No. of wives: Notes:	Paul E. Kingston 1959 up to 27 Prophet and Presiding Priesthood Leader of the Latter Day Church of Christ, also known as the Kingston Clan, since August 25, 1987.
	Name: Born: Died: Date entered polygamy: Eventual No. of wives: Notes:	Ervil LeBaron February 22, 1925 August 16, 1981 (aged 56) c. 1944 at least 13 wives Founder of the Church of the Lamb of God and using the religious doctrine of blood atonement as justification, ordered the killings of many of his opponents, including Rulon C. Allred. In 1980, He was sentenced to prison for orchestrating the murder of an opponent, and died in prison.
	Name: Born: Died: Date entered polygamy: Eventual No. of wives: Notes:	Joel LeBaron June 9, 1923 August 20, 1972 (aged 49) c. 1944 In 1955, Joel LeBaron and two of his brothers established the Church of the Firstborn of the Fulness of Times in Salt Lake City, Utah with Joel as President of the Church. In 1967, Joel's brother, Ervil LeBaron, was removed from leadership in the church when he began to preach that he, and not Joel, was the proper leader of the church. Then on 20 August 1972 Daniel Jordan, one of Ervil's followers, shot and killed Joel.
	Name: Born: Died: Date entered polygamy: Eventual No. of wives: Notes:	Joseph W. Musser March 8, 1872 1954 March 1902 5 Musser is known for his Mormon fundamentalist books, pamphlets and magazines, as well as being considered a prophet by many Mormon fundamentalists.
	Name: Born: Died: Positions: Date entered polygamy: Eventual No. of wives: Notes:	John W. Woolley December 30, 1831 December 13, 1928 (aged 96) Senior Member of the Priesthood Council, before 1935 – December 13, 1928 March 20, 1851 3 Woolley was sealed to only one woman during his lifetime, and experienced plural marriage for only six years between 1886 and 1892. However, Woolley is known as the father of Mormon fundamentalism and amongst most fundamentalists is considered an apostle, prophet, and president of the priesthood.
	Name: Born: Died: Positions: Date entered polygamy: Eventual No. of wives: Notes:	Lorin C. Woolley October 23, 1856 September 19, 1934 (aged 77) Senior Member of the Priesthood Council, December 13, 1928 – September 19, 1934 by 1915 at least 4 In 1912, Woolley gave the first written account of the background to the 1886 Revelation and of a subsequent meeting in which Taylor stated that plural marriage must and would continue. It is estimated that up to ninety percent of polygamists across the Wasatch Front today trace their sealing authority through this priesthood line.[52]
	Name: Born: Died: Date entered polygamy: Eventual No. of wives: Notes:	Charles Zitting March 30, 1884 July 14, 1954 (aged 70) pre. April 1, 1931 5 Zitting was a Mormon fundamentalist leader and member of The Council of Friends, in the Short Creek community.
	Name: Born: Date entered polygamy: Eventual No. of wives: Notes:	Brian David Mitchell October 18, 1953 June 5, 2002 2 (see note) Mitchell married three times legally, two of the marriages ending in divorce. Elizabeth Smart was kidnapped and forcibly "married" to him, while he was legally married to his third wife Wanda Barzee.

Other Latter Day Saint sects

	Name: Born: Died: Positions: Date entered polygamy: Eventual No. of wives: Notes:	James J. Strang March 21, 1813 July 9, 1856 (aged 43) Founder of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints (Strangite), ca. June 1844 – July 9, 1856 July 13, 1849 5 Originally, Strang was strenuously opposed to the practice of polygamy;[53] however, in 1849, Strang reversed course and become one of its strongest advocates. Since many of his early disciples had looked to him as a monogamous counterweight to Brigham Young's polygamous version of Mormonism, Strang's decision to embrace plural marriage proved costly to him and his church.

See also

• List of Brigham Young's wives
• List of the wives of Joseph Smith

Notes

1. Whitmer 1887
2. Times and Seasons, Volume 5, page 474
3. Times and Seasons, Volume 5, page 423
4. The Latter-Day Saints' Millennial Star 4 [January 1844]: 144
5. Church of Christ was the official name on April 6, 1830: Shields, Steven (1990), Divergent Paths of the Restoration (Fourth ed.), Independence, Missouri: Restoration Research, ISBN 0942284003. In 1834, the official name was changed to Church of the Latter Day Saints and then in 1838 to Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints: "Minutes of a Conference", Evening and Morning Star, vol. 2, no. 20, p. 160. The spelling "The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints" was adopted by the LDS Church in Utah in 1851, after Joseph Smith's death in 1844, and is today specified in Doctrine and Covenants 115:4 (LDS Church edition).
6. Smith, George D (Spring 1994), "Nauvoo Roots of Mormon Polygamy, 1841-46: A Preliminary Demographic Report", Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought 27 (1), retrieved May 5, 2007
7. As believed by Todd Compton, "A Trajectory of Plurality: An Overview of Joseph Smith's Thirty-three Plural Wives", Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought, vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 1–38.
8. As believed by George D. Smith (Smith, George D (Spring 1994), "Nauvoo Roots of Mormon Polygamy, 1841-46: A Preliminary Demographic Report", Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought 27 (1), retrieved May 5, 2007)
9. Quinn, D. Michael (1980). "The Council of Fifty and Its Members, 1844 to 1945" (.pdf). BYU Studies (Provo, UT: Brigham Young University): 22–26. Retrieved October 4, 2011. External link in |journal= (help)
10. Arrington, Leonard J. (Summer 1968). "The Search for Truth and Meaning in Mormon History". Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought 3 (2): 56–66. - Bullock worked in the Church Historian's Office, but was not an official "Assistant Church Historian". The first "Assistant Church Historian" was Wilford Woodruff called in 1856, after Bullock left in 1854.
11. Lund, Anthon H. (1917), "Remarks § Church Historians", Eighty-eighth Semi-annual Conference Of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints: Report of the Discourses, pp. 10–12
12. Journal of William Clayton - excerpts online at http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Delphi/3750/Clayton_intro.html
13. Saints' Herald 65:1044–1045
14. Smith, George D (Spring 1994), "Nauvoo Roots of Mormon Polygamy, 1841-46: A Preliminary Demographic Report", Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought 27 (1): 16, retrieved May 5, 2007
15. B. H. Roberts, The Life of John Taylor (Salt Lake City, Utah: George Q. Cannon & Sons, 1897).
16. Richard L. Jensen, "The John Taylor Family," Ensign, February 1980, pp. 50–51. t portals = LDS
17. Salt Lake Daily Tribune, 1899-09-09, p. 1.
18. B. H. Roberts, The Life of John Taylor (Salt Lake City, Utah: George Q. Cannon & Sons, 1897).
19. Richard L. Jensen, "The John Taylor Family," Ensign, February 1980, pp. 50–51. t portals = LDS
20. Richard S. Van Wagoner (1989, 2d ed.). Mormon Polygamy: A History (Salt Lake City, Utah: Signature Books) p. 119
21. "Members of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles in the Dispensation of the Fulness of Times". Church History in the Fulness of Times Student Manual. LDS Church. 2003. p. 656. Retrieved 2014-10-12.
22. Cowley resigned from the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles on October 28, 1905; however, he remained an ordained apostle of the church until his priesthood was suspended in 1911.
23. Merrill, Melvin Clarence (1937), Utah Pioneer and Apostle: Marriner Wood Merrill and His Family, pp. 62–66
24. Alexander, Thomas G. (1986), Mormonism in Transition, Urbana: University of Illinois Press, p. 12
25. Flake, Kathleen (2004), The Politics of American Religious Identity: The Seating of Senator Reed Smoot, Mormon Apostle, Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, p. 71
26. Journal of William Clayton - excerpts online at http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Delphi/3750/Clayton_intro.html
27. Saints' Herald 65:1044–1045
28. Smith, George D (Spring 1994), "Nauvoo Roots of Mormon Polygamy, 1841-46: A Preliminary Demographic Report", Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought 27 (1): 16, retrieved May 5, 2007
29. Taylor resigned from the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles in April 1905; however, he remained an ordained apostle of the church until his excommunication in 1911.
30. Jenson, Andrew (1901–1936), Latter-day Saints Biographical Encyclopedia 1, Salt Lake City, Utah: Deseret Book and A. Jenson Historical Co, p. 121
31. Compton, "John Willard Young", p. 124.
32. Grampa Bill's G.A. Pages: Robert T. Burton
33. Joseph Smith Papers, Minute Book #2, p. 6
34. Orton, Chad M. (2006). "The Martin Handcart Company at the Sweetwater: Another Look". BYU Studies 45 (3): 13.
35. "The Settlements of Morgan County". Morgan County Utah Historical Society. . Accessed 23 April 2007.
36. Morris Q. Kunz, Reminiscences on Priesthood, 21
37. LSJ Sermons 1:61
38. The True & Living Church of Jesus Christ of Saints of the Last Days
39. Rulon Jeffs. Biography of Rulon Jeffs located at www.fldstruth.org (official FLDS website)
40. Wade Goodwyn, Howard Berkes and Amy Walters, "Warren Jeffs and the FLDS Church", NPR, 2005-05-03.
41. NPR report on Warren Jeffs and the FLDS Church - Last accessed Sept 07, 2007
42. Mormon Leader Is Survived by 33 Sons and a Void (New York Times)
43. Whitehurst, Lindsay (9 August 2011), "Warren Jeffs gets life in prison for sex with underage girls", Salt Lake Tribune
44. Winslow, B. (2007, November 22). Jeffs is now an inmate at Utah State Prison. Deseret Morning News. Retrieved 29 November 2007 from http://deseretnews.com/article/1,5143,695229917,00.html
45. "Utah Supreme Court reverses Warren Jeffs conviction - ABC 4.com - Salt Lake City, Utah News". ABC 4.com. Retrieved 2010-07-28.
46. Whitehurst, Lindsay (August 11, 2011). "Warren Jeffs gets life in prison for sex with underage girls". Salt Lake Tribune. Retrieved September 4, 2011.
47. Hales, Brian C. "J. Leslie Broadbent". mormonfundamentalism.com. Retrieved 18 March 2014.
48. http://www.mormonfundamentalism.com/Photos/LeroyJohnson.htm
49. Brandon Burt, "Utah's Gay Mayor", Salt Lake Metro : article contains background information on Joseph, his adoption of Libertarianism, and the founding of Big Water, Utah
50. http://www.mormonfundamentalism.com/ChartLinks/CharlesEldenKingston.htm
51. Utah Attorney General’s Office and Arizona Attorney General’s Office. The Primer, Helping Victims of Domestic Violence and Child Abuse in Polygamous Communities. Updated June 2006. Page 23.
52. D. Michael Quinn, "Plural Marriage and Mormon Fundamentalism," in Martin E. Marty and R. Scott Appleby, eds., Fundamentalisms and Society: Reclaiming the Sciences, Education, and the Family, Vol. 2 of the Fundamentalism Project of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1993), 244.
53. (August 12, 1847). Voree Herald as quoted in Fitzpatrick, pp. 74–5. See also Apostle John E. Page at this same source, on his conversations with Strang on the subject.

References

• Brian C. Hales (2006). Modern Polygamy and Mormon Fundamentalists : The Generations after the Manifesto (Salt Lake City, Utah: Greg Kofford Books)
• Andrew Jenson, Latter-day Saint Biographical Encyclopedia.
• Smith, George D (Spring 1994). "Nauvoo Roots of Mormon Polygamy, 1841-46: A Preliminary Demographic Report". Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought 27 (1). Retrieved 2007-05-12..
• D. Michael Quinn, "Plural Marriage and Mormon Fundamentalisms," Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought, vol. 31, no. 2, Summer 1998
• Whitmer, David (1887). "An Address to All Believers in Christ". Richmond, Missouri. Retrieved 2006-12-30.