List of Muslim military leaders
A Muslim soldier is a Muslim who has engaged in war, or is trained in the art of war. Some of the more contemporary belong to state or national military forces and are more accurately described as soldiers. Some of the older entries may be more accurately be described as warriors, and some as militia. Entries in this chronological list are accompanied by dates of birth and death, branch of Islam, country of birth, field of study, campaigns fought in, and a short biographical description.
Muslim military leaders
This list includes notable conquerors, generals, and admirals from early Islamic history to the 21st century.
7th century
- Ali (Ali Ibn Abi Talib) one of the first Muslims and lead almost all Muslim battles during the Prophet's period. One of the four rightly guided Caliph and annihilated every opposition by the Quraysh and Jews.
- Khalid ibn al-Walid, (592–642), also known as the "Drawn Sword of God", he led the armies that conquered Palestine and Syria with a limited number of troops. He led incursions into the Byzantine and Persian empires and won. He never lost a battle, his courage and skill still inspire people to this day.
- Hamza ibn Abdul-Muttalib, (c. 566–625),also known as " Lion of God", and Muhammad (sws) gave him the posthumous title Sayyid-ush-Shuhda ("Chief of the Martyrs").
- Abu Ubaidah ibn al-Jarrah,(583–639)also known as "Amin al Ummah",He was commander of a large section of the Rashidun Army during the time of the Rashid Caliph Umar and was on the list of Umar's appointed successors to the Caliphate.
- 'Amr ibn al-'As, (592–664). Known as a shrewd politician and general who is most noted for leading the Muslim conquest of Egypt in 640.
- Hussain ibn Ali(Sha'aban 4 AH – 10th Muharram 61 AH; 8 January 626 CE – 10 October 680 CE) Was The son of Ali Ibni Talib and the grandson of Muhammad who fought tyranny as he refused to pledge allegiance to Yazid. On 10 October 680 (Muharram 10, 61 AH), he and his small group of his followers and family members, who were between 72 or more, fought with a large army. Husayn and all of his men were martyred and beheaded.
- Abbas ibn Ali- The son of Ali Ibni Talib
- Musa bin Nusair, (640-716). An Umayyad governor and general in North Africa.
- Al-Hajjaj bin Yousef, (661-714). Umayyad administrator of Iraq.
- Muhammad bin Qasim, (695-715). An early Arab General who captured Sindh in Pakistan.
- Nusaybah Bint k’ab Al Maziniyyah. Female fighter who fought at the Battle of Uhud with the army of Muhammad after converting to Islam.
- al-Mukhtār ibn Abī ‘Ubaydah al-Thaqafī (born c. 622, al-Ṭaʾif, Arabia [now in Saudi Arabia]—died March 687, Kūfah, Iraq), was an early Shia Islamic revolutionary based in Kufa, Iraq who led an abortive rebellion against the Umayyad Caliphs in vengeance for the death of Husayn ibn 'Ali at the Battle of Karbala
8th century
- Tariq ibn-Ziyad, (d. 720) . An Umayyad Persian[1] general, who swept Hispania with a Muslim army.
- Abdul Rahman Al Ghafiqi [Founder of Muslim Dynasty in Spain]
- Zaid ibn Ali - Arab, fought the Banu Umayyad
- Muhammad ibn Qasim captured Sind and Multan in Pakistan
- Isma'il ibn Jafar - Arab, fought the Banu Umayyad
- Qutaibah bin Muslim
9th century
- Tahir ibn Husayn (Abbasid empire, died in 822)
10th century
- Mahmud of Ghazni, (971—1030). Ruler of Ghazni.
- Jawhar as-Siqilli, commander of Fatimid forces. Founded Cairo and built Al-Azhar Mosque.
11th century
- Alp Arslan
- Togrul, Founder of the Seljuq Dynasty
12th century
- Zengi
- Muḥammad Shahābuddīn Ghorī
- Nur ad-Din Zangi, (1118–1174). A Syrian ruler and military leader who fought in the Crusades.
- Ṣalaḥ ad-Dīn Yusuf ibn Ayyub, (1137 – March 1193). Sultan of Ejypt, syria and Palastine.
- Saif ad-Din Ghazi I, Muslim leader during crusades
- Shirkuh, Muslim Kurd leader during crusades
13th century
- Qutb-ud-din Aybak built the Qutub Minar
- Iltutmish
- Razia Sultana, Indian princess
- Mu'in ad-Din Unur
- Al-Kamil Sunni Kurd leader
- Baibars, fought with Crusaders and Mongols
- Saif ad-Din Qutuz, fought with Crusaders and Mongols
- Qalawun, fought with Crusaders
- Khalil
- Ghiyas ud din Balban
- Ala ud din Khilji, Indian king who fought with the Mongols
- Osman Ghazi I, Founder of the Ottoman Dynasty
- Berke Khan, Fought with Mongols
- Aybak, Founder of the Mamluk Dynasty
- Saif ad-Din Qutuz
- Muhammad al Hakam al Hamdan,Founder of the Hamdan Dynasty
14th century
- Tamerlane (Taimur Lame or Timur ) . (1370,1405). Conqueror and founder of the Timurid dynasty.
- Ala ud din Khilji
- Bayezid I Victor of Battle of Nicopolis
- Zheng He (1371–1433) Chinese mariner, explorer, and fleet admiral
15th century
- Hayreddin Barbarossa (1475–1546) Ottoman Admiral
- Zahiruddin Babur Conqueror and founder of the powerful Mughal Empire
- Selim I also known as "Yavuz Sultan Selim", Sultan of the Ottoman Empire and Caliph of Islam
- Mehmed II also known as "Mehmed the Conqueror". Captured the Byzantine stronghold of Constantinople.
- Sharifa Fatima. Female Zaidi chieftain of Yemen who conquered Sana'a.
16th century
- Humayun (Mughal King)
- Akbar (Mughal King)At the end of his reign in, Mughal empire covered most of India.
- Malik Ambar Ethiopian slave who became a general and challenged the might of the Mughal army and turned Marathas into guerrillas
- Sayyed Mahmud Khan Commander in chief of the Mughal Empire.
- Sher Shah Sur Founder the short-lived Sur Dynasty.
- Isa Khan Niazi Commander of Sher Shah Suri.
- Tahmasp I Ensured the survival of the Saffavids of Persia.
- Suleiman the Magnificent also known as "Kanuni Sultan Süleyman", Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, and Caliph of Islam
- Jehangir Real name Prince Salim
- Ahmed Grang (Gurey) Real name Ahmed ibn Ibrahim Al-qazi a Somali general who defeated eEthiopian Emperor
- Chand Bibi
17th century
- Ma Gui (general)
- Zulfiqar Khan Nusrat Jung
- Daud Khan Panni
- Amar al Hassan AlHamdan 1620 - 1647
- Ahmad al Wasiq Al Hamdan 1647 1699
18th century
- Ahmad Shah Durrani - (1722–1772) was the founder of the Durrani dynasty and is regarded to be the founder of the modern state of Afghanistan. Known for Battle of Panipat (1761).
- Hyder Ali - (1722–1782).
- Imam Shamil, (1797–1871). An Avar (modern day Dagestan) who is considered both a political and religious leader for Chechens, Dagestanis, and c.ssians.
- Sultan Jalal ud Din Muhammad (known as Hayat Bakhsh) Hamdani Arab Dynasty
- Tipu Sultan. (1750–1799).also known as the Tiger of Mysore, was the ruler of the Kingdom of Mysore.He Fought Against British Empire and emprassed martyrdom in Seringapatam on 4 May 1799.
- Nawab Najib Ud Doula
- Sultan Alla ud Din Hamdon Al Hmdan Last ruler of Hamdani Arab Dynasty
19th century
- Diponegoro. (1785-1855)
prince who opposed the Dutch colonial rule, during Java War (1825-1830)
- Fazl-e-Haq Khairabadi. (1797–1861). Most remembered for his role as a freedom fighter.
- Abd al-Qādir al-Jazā'irī. (1808–1883). Algerian militant against the French occupation.
- Mir Masjidi Khan (died 1841) Afghan resistance leader, during First Anglo-Afghan War
- Bakht Khan, Indian Muslim commander during Indian war of independence
- Husein Gradaščević, leader of Great Bosnian uprising
- Muhammad Ahmad, (1844–1885). a Muslim religious leader and militant in Anglo-Egyptian Sudan.
- Omar Mukhtar, (1862–1931).
- Nadir Shah, (aka Nadir Qoli Beg and Tahmasp-Qoli Khan). (1688–1747). A Shah of Iran and a military leader.
- Bai Chongxi, (1893–1966). A Chinese General of the Republic of China (ROC).
- Muhammad Ibn 'Abd al-Karim al-Khattabi, (1882–1963). Berber leader fighting against the French and Spanish occupations in Northern Morocco.
- Hakim Ajmal Khan
- Maulana Abul Kalam Azad
- Begum Hazrat Mahal, Indian Queen who fought for independence from the British
- Ma Zhan'ao, (1830–1886) Chinese Muslim Qing dynasty General
- Ma Anliang, (1855–1920) Chinese Muslim Qing dynasty General, then Republic of General
- Ma Guoliang, Chinese Muslim Qing dynasty General
- Dong Fuxiang, (1839–1908) Chinese Muslim Qing dynasty General
- Ma Qianling, (1824-1909) Chinese Muslim Qing dynasty General
- Ma Zhanshan, (1885–1950) Chinese Muslim Republic of China General
- Ghazi Osman Pasha, (1832-1900) Ottoman field marshal and the hero of the Siege of Plevna
- Fakhri Pasha, (1868,1948) was the commander of the Ottoman Empire army and governor of Medina from 1916 to 1919
- Kâzım Karabekir, (1882–1948) He was commander of the Eastern Army in the Ottoman Empire at the end of World War I
20th century
- Ziaur Rahman, 3rd Chief of Army Staff, Bangladesh Armed Forces
- ZA Bhutto
- Muammar al-Gaddafi
- Faqir of Ipi-(born 1897, died 1960) Faqir of Ipi born Mirza Ali Khan was a Pashtun from today's North-Waziristan Pakistan, Federally Administrated Tribal Areas.The village of Ipi is located near Mirali Camp in North Waziristan Agency, Waziristan, from where the Faqir of Ipi started his guerrilla warfare against the British Empire throughout the 1930s and 1940s until the British departure in 1947.When he died in 1960, The Times of 20 April described him as "a doughty and honourable opponent... a man of principle and saintliness... a redoubtable organizer of tribal warfare....".The British also called him An Original Insurgent.
- Karnal Sher Khan (1970–1999) -A Pashtun Soldier Of Pakistan Army and one of only 10 recipients of Pakistan's highest gallantry award, the Nishan-e-Haider for his actions during the Kargil Conflict with India in 1999.
- Muhammad Ataul Ghani Osmani, is a Commander-in-Chief of the Bangladesh Armed Forces and led the Mukti Bahini during the Bangladesh Liberation War
- Sudirman, (1916–1950)
- Abdul Haris Nasution
- Adnan bin Saidi– Malayan soldier of the 1st Infantry Brigade which fought the Japanese in the Battle of Singapore
- Jamal Abdel Nasser
- Noor Inayat Khan, intelligence operative for the British in WWII
- Mohiuddin Jahangir, recipient of Bir Sreshtho
- Major Tufail Muhammad Shaheed, recipient of Nishan-e-Haider
- Rashid Minhas Shaheed, recipient of Nishan-e-Haider
- Captain Muhammad Sarwar Shaheed, recipient of Nishan-e-Haider.
- K M Shafiullah, Chief of Army Staff of the Bangladesh Army
- Nur Khan, Commander-in-Chief of the Pakistan Air Force
- A. K. Khandker, first Chief of Staff of the Bangladesh Air Force
- Muhammad Mahmood Alam, air commodore of the Pakistan Air Force
- Hamidur Rahman, recipient of Bir Sreshtho
- Abd al-Qadir al-Husayni
- Hasan Salama
- Saad El Shazly, Egyptian Chief of Staff during the Yom Kippur War
- Abdullah el Tell, Jordanian Military Governor of Jerusalem 1948.
- Ahmad Ismail Ali, Commander-in-Chief of Egypt's army during the Yom Kippur War
- Abdel Ghani el-Gamasy, Director of operations for all forces participating in the 1973 Yom Kippur War
- Abdul Munim Riad, Chief of Staff of the Egyptian Armed Forces
- Mohammed Aly Fahmy, Commander of the Egyptian Air Defense Command during the Yom Kippur War
- Abdul Munim Wassel, Commander of the Egyptian 3rd Army during the Yom Kippur War
- Abd-Al-Minaam Khaleel, Commander of the Egyptian 2nd Army during the Yom Kippur War
- Abdul Hamid, Indian soldier
- Atif Dudaković, general of Bosnia-Herzegovina Army
- Afsir Karim, Major General of the Indian Army,
- Mohammed Abdullah Hassan, the "Mullah" who fought imperialism in Somalia
21st century
- Mullah Omar
- Mbaye Diagne, The bravest UN observer in Rawandan, saving over 1000 people
Muslim warriors
The following Muslim warrior and soldiers, while not in significant leadership positions, are still of particular note
1200
- Abul Fida Ismail Ibn Hamwi - 1273
See also
References
- ↑ Akhbār majmūa, p. 20 of Spanish translation, p. 6 of Arabic text. al-Maqqari, see p. 266 of English translation by Gayangos.
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