List of Oakland Athletics first-round draft picks

An older dark-skinned man wearing a blue-and-white shirt and sunglasses.
Reggie Jackson (1966) won three World Series titles with the A's and was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1993.

The Oakland Athletics (the A's) are a Major League Baseball (MLB) franchise based in Oakland, California. They play in the American League West division. The Athletics had played in Philadelphia from 1901 to 1954 and then Kansas City from 1955 to 1967 before moving to Oakland. Since the establishment of the Rule 4 Draft the Athletics have selected 75 players in the first round. Officially known as the "First-Year Player Draft",[1] the Rule 4 Draft is MLB's primary mechanism for assigning players from high schools, colleges, and other amateur clubs to its franchises. The draft order is determined based on the previous season's standings, with the team possessing the worst record receiving the first pick.[1] In addition, teams which lost free agents in the previous off-season may be awarded compensatory or supplementary picks.[2]

Of these 75 players, 34 have been pitchers, the most of any position; 26 of these were right-handed, while 8 were left-handed. 13 outfielders, including one center fielder, and 12 shortstops were selected. The A's have also drafted six catchers, five third basemen, four first basemen, and one second baseman in the first round.[3] Additionally, 22 players came from high schools or universities in the A's home state of California, followed by 10 from Texas and 8 from Florida.[3] They also drafted Ariel Prieto in 1995, who had defected from Cuba the year before.[4] Prieto made his major league debut in 1995, one of 20 players in draft history to go directly to the majors without playing in the minor leagues.[5][6]

Three Athletics' first-round picks have won championships with the franchise. Reggie Jackson (1966) won World Series titles with the team in 1972, 1973, and 1974.[7] Mark McGwire (1984) and Walt Weiss (1985) won with the 1989 championship team.[8][9] Four A's first-round picks have gone on to win the Rookie of the Year Award: McGwire in 1987, Weiss in 1988, Ben Grieve (1994) in 1998, and Huston Street (2004) in 2005.[8][9][10][11] Jackson also won a Most Valuable Player award in 1973, and Barry Zito (1999) won a Cy Young Award in 2002, making them the A's only picks to win these awards.[7][12] Reggie Jackson, elected in 1993, is their only pick in the Baseball Hall of Fame.[7] Although eligible McGwire has not been elected despite over 500 career home runs and briefly holding the single-season home run record (70).[8] Some see McGwire's exclusion as a sign that the Hall is hesitant to elect players suspected of using performance-enhancing drugs as McGwire was suspected of steroid use (he later admitted his use in 2010).[13][14][15] The Athletics have made eighteen selections in the supplemental round of the draft and have made the first overall selection once: in the first draft in 1965.[3][16]

The Athletics have failed to sign three first-round draft picks, although they did not receive a compensation pick for any of them.[3] The first such player not signed was Pete Broberg in 1968. The A's also failed to sign both of their draft picks in 1979, Juan Bustabad and Mike Stenhouse.[17][18] The Athletics have had ten compensatory picks overall since the first draft in 1965.[3] These additional picks are provided when a team loses a particularly valuable free agent in the previous off-season,[2][19][V] or, more recently, if a team fails to sign a draft pick from the previous year.[20]

Key

Year Each year links to an article about that year's Major League Baseball Draft.
Position Indicates the secondary/collegiate position at which the player was drafted, rather than the professional position the player may have gone on to play
Pick Indicates the number of the pick
* Player did not sign with the Athletics
§ Indicates a supplemental pick
† Member of the National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum
'72, '73, '74 Player was a member of the Athletics' 1972, 1973, and 1974 championship teams
'89 Player was a member of the Athletics' 1989 championship team

Picks

A man in a white baseball uniform, blue baseball cap, and black baseball glove pitching a ball right handed.
John Wasdin (1993) is one of six players taken by the A's from the state of Florida.
A man in a dark baseball jersey, batting helmet, and white pants takes a left-handed baseball swing while another man kneels wearing catcher's gear behind him.
Eric Chavez (1996) won six Rawlings Gold Glove Awards while with Oakland.[21]
A man in a green and yellow baseball cap holds up his right hand with a baseball glove on it.
Barry Zito (1999) won a Cy Young Award while with the Athletics in 2002.
A young man wearing a green shirt and baseball cap holds a baseball in his right hand.
Huston Street (2004) is one of four Athletics' first-round draft picks to win the Rookie of the Year Award.
A man in white pants, a pink baseball jersey, and a black batting helmet running down the first baseline.
Travis Buck (2005) is the third player the Athletics have drafted in the first round from Arizona State University, the first since they did so back-to-back in the first two years of the draft.
Year Name Position School (location) Pick Ref
1965 Monday, RickRick Monday Outfielder Arizona State University
(Tempe, Arizona)		 1 [22]
1966 Jackson, ReggieReggie Jackson† '72, '73, '74 Outfielder Arizona State University
(Tempe, Arizona)		 2 [23]
1967 Bickerton, BrianBrian Bickerton Left-handed pitcher Santana High School
(Santee, California)		 7 [24]
1968 Broberg, PetePete Broberg* Right-handed pitcher Palm Beach High School
(Palm Beach, Florida)		 2 [25]
1969 Stanhouse, DonDon Stanhouse Right-handed pitcher DeQuoin High School
(DuQuoin, Illinois)		 9 [26]
1970 Ford, DanDan Ford Outfielder Fremont High School
(Los Angeles, California)		 18 [27]
1971 Daniels, WilliamWilliam Daniels Right-handed pitcher Mackenzie High School
(Detroit, Michigan)		 17 [28]
1972 Lemon, ChetChet Lemon Shortstop Fremont High School
(Los Angeles, California)		 22 [29]
1973 Scarbery, RandyRandy Scarbery Right-handed pitcher University of Southern California
(Los Angeles, California)		 23 [30]
1974 Johnson, JerryJerry Johnson Catcher McCallum High School
(Austin, Texas)		 22 [31]
1975 Robinson, BruceBruce Robinson Catcher Stanford University
(Stanford, California)		 21 [32]
1976 Sullivan, ThomasThomas Sullivan Right-handed pitcher Garfield High School
(Woodbridge, Virginia)		 24 [33]
1977 Harris, CraigCraig Harris Right-handed pitcher Buena High School
(Sierra Vista, Arizona)		 18 [34]
1978 Morgan, MikeMike Morgan Right-handed pitcher Valley High School
(Las Vegas, Nevada)		 4 [35]
1978 Conroy, TimTim Conroy Left-handed pitcher Gateway Senior High School
(Monroeville, Pennsylvania)		 20[a] [35]
1979 Bustabad, JuanJuan Bustabad* Shortstop Miami Lakes High School
(Hialeah, Florida)		 5 [36]
1979 Stenhouse, MikeMike Stenhouse* Outfielder Harvard University
(Cambridge, Massachusetts)		 26[b] [36]
1980 King, MikeMike King Left-handed pitcher Morningside College
(Sioux City, Iowa)		 4 [37]
1981 Pyznarski, TimTim Pyznarski Third baseman Eastern Illinois University
(Charleston, Illinois)		 15 [38]
1982 no first-round pick[c] [3]
1983 Hilton, StanStan Hilton Right-handed pitcher Baylor University
(Waco, Texas)		 5 [39]
1984 McGwire, MarkMark McGwire '89 First baseman University of Southern California
(Los Angeles, California)		 10 [40]
1985 Weiss, WaltWalt Weiss '89 Shortstop University of North Carolina
(Chapel Hill, North Carolina)		 11 [41]
1986 Hemond, ScottScott Hemond Catcher University of South Florida
(Tampa, Florida)		 12 [42]
1987 Tinsley, LeeLee Tinsley Outfielder Shelby County High School
(Shelbyville, Kentucky)		 11 [43]
1988 Royer, StanStan Royer Catcher Eastern Illinois University
(Charleston, Illinois)		 16 [44]
1989 no first-round pick[d] [3]
1990 Van Poppel, ToddTodd Van Poppel Right-handed pitcher Martin High School
(Arlington, Texas)		 14[e] [45]
1990 Peters, DonDon Peters Right-handed pitcher St. Francis College
(Joliet, Illinois)		 26 [45]
1990 Zancanaro, DavidDavid Zancanaro Left-handed pitcher UCLA
(Los Angeles, California)		 34§[f] [45]
1990 Dressendorfer, KirkKirk Dressendorfer Right-handed pitcher University of Texas
(Austin, Texas)		 36§[g] [45]
1991 Gates, BrentBrent Gates Shortstop University of Minnesota
(Minneapolis, Minnesota)		 26 [46]
1991 Rossiter, MikeMike Rossiter Right-handed pitcher Burrough High School
(Burbank, California)		 38§[h] [46]
1992 Grigsby, BenjiBenji Grigsby Right-handed pitcher San Diego State University
(San Diego, California)		 20 [47]
1993 Wasdin, JohnJohn Wasdin Right-handed pitcher Florida State University
(Tallahassee, Florida)		 25 [48]
1993 Adams, WillieWillie Adams Right-handed pitcher Stanford University
(Stanford, California)		 36§[i] [48]
1994 Grieve, BenBen Grieve Outfielder Martin High School
(Arlington, Texas)		 2 [49]
1995 Prieto, ArielAriel Prieto Right-handed pitcher Fajardo University
(Santiago de Cuba, Cuba)		 5 [5][50]
1996 Chavez, EricEric Chavez Third baseman Mount Carmel High School
(San Diego, California)		 10 [50]
1997 Enochs, ChrisChris Enochs Right-handed pitcher West Virginia University
(Morgantown, West Virginia)		 11 [51]
1997 DuBose, EricEric DuBose Left-handed pitcher Mississippi State University
(Mississippi State, Mississippi)		 21[j] [51]
1997 Haynes, NathanNathan Haynes Outfielder Pinole Valley High School
(Pinole, California)		 32§[k] [51]
1997 Wagner, DennyDenny Wagner Right-handed pitcher Virginia Tech
(Blacksburg, Virginia)		 42§[l] [51]
1998 Mulder, MarkMark Mulder Left-handed pitcher Michigan State University
(East Lansing, Michigan)		 2 [52]
1999 Zito, BarryBarry Zito Left-handed pitcher University of Southern California
(Los Angeles, California)		 9 [53]
2000 no first-round pick[m] [3]
2001 Crosby, BobbyBobby Crosby Shortstop Long Beach State University
(Long Beach, California)		 25 [54]
2001 Bonderman, JeremyJeremy Bonderman Right-handed pitcher Pasco High School
(Pasco, Washington)		 26[n] [54]
2001 Rheinecker, JohnJohn Rheinecker Left-handed pitcher Missouri State University
(Springfield, Missouri)		 37§[o] [54]
2002 Swisher, NickNick Swisher First baseman Ohio State University
(Columbus, Ohio)		 16[p] [55]
2002 Blanton, JoeJoe Blanton Right-handed pitcher University of Kentucky
(Lexington, Kentucky)		 24[q] [55]
2002 McCurdy, JohnJohn McCurdy Shortstop University of Maryland
(College Park, Maryland)		 26 [55]
2002 Fritz, BenBen Fritz Right-handed pitcher Fresno State University
(Fresno, California)		 30[r] [55]
2002 Brown, JeremyJeremy Brown Catcher University of Alabama
(Tuscaloosa, Alabama)		 35§[s] [55]
2002 Obenchain, StephenStephen Obenchain Right-handed pitcher University of Evansville
(Evansville, Indiana)		 37§[t] [55]
2002 Teahen, MarkMark Teahen Third baseman St. Mary's College of California
(Moraga, California)		 39§[u] [55]
2003 Sullivan, BradleyBradley Sullivan Right-handed pitcher University of Houston
(Houston, Texas)		 25 [56]
2003 Snyder, BrianBrian Snyder Third baseman Stetson University
(DeLand, Florida)		 26[v] [56]
2003 Quintanilla, OmarOmar Quintanilla Shortstop University of Texas
(Austin, Texas)		 33§[w] [56]
2004 Powell, LandonLandon Powell Catcher University of South Carolina
(Columbia, South Carolina)		 24[x] [57]
2004 Robnett, RichardRichard Robnett Outfielder Fresno State University
(Fresno, California)		 26 [57]
2004 Putnam, DannyDanny Putnam Outfielder Stanford University
(Stanford, California)		 36§[y] [57]
2004 Street, HustonHuston Street Right-handed pitcher University of Texas
(Austin, Texas)		 40§[z] [57]
2005 Pennington, CliffCliff Pennington Shortstop Texas A&M University
(College Station, Texas)		 21 [58]
2005 Buck, TravisTravis Buck Outfielder Arizona State University
(Tempe, Arizona)		 36§[aa] [58]
2006 no first-round pick[ab] [3]
2007 Simmons, JamesJames Simmons Right-handed pitcher University of California, Riverside
(Riverside, California)		 26 [59]
2007 Doolittle, SeanSean Doolittle First baseman University of Virginia
(Charlottesville, Virginia)		 41§[ac] [59]
2007 Brown, CoreyCorey Brown Outfielder Oklahoma State University
(Stillwater, Oklahoma)		 59§[ad] [59]
2008 Weeks, JemileJemile Weeks Second baseman University of Miami
(Coral Gables, Florida)		 12 [60]
2009 Green, GrantGrant Green Shortstop University of Southern California
(Los Angeles, California)		 13 [61]
2010 Choice, MichaelMichael Choice Center fielder University of Texas, Arlington
(Arlington, Texas)		 10 [62]
2011 Gray, SonnySonny Gray Right-handed pitcher Vanderbilt University
(Nashville, Tennessee)		 18 [63]
2012 Russell, AddisonAddison Russell Shortstop Pace High School
(Pace, Florida)		 11 [64]
2012 Robertson, DanielDaniel Robertson Shortstop Upland High School
(Upland, California)		 34§[ae] [64]
2012 Olson, MattMatt Olson First baseman Parkview High School
(Lilburn, Georgia)		 47§[af] [64]
2013 McKinney, BillyBilly McKinney Outfielder Plano West Senior High School
(Plano, Texas)		 24 [65]
2014 Chapman, MattMatt Chapman Third baseman California State University
(Fullerton, California)		 25 [66]
2015 Martin, RichieRichie Martin Shortstop University of Florida
(Gainesville, Florida)		 20 [67]

See also

Footnotes

References

General references
In-text citations
  1. 1 2 "First-Year Player Draft Rules". MLB.com. Major League Baseball. Retrieved February 28, 2011.
  2. 1 2 McCalvy, Adam (December 1, 2008). "Brewers offer three arbitration". Brewers.MLB.com. Milwaukee Brewers. Retrieved February 28, 2011.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 "Amateur Draft: Oakland Athletics 1st Round Picks in the MLB June Amateur Draft". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved February 28, 2011.
  4. ↑ Campbell, Morgan (February 16, 2010). "Cuba facing big-league crisis; The exodus of star players to the majors could spell trouble for the game's future in socialist country". The Toronto Star.
  5. 1 2 "First-Year Player Draft: Straight to the Majors". MLB.com. Major League Baseball. Retrieved March 2, 2011.
  6. ↑ "Ariel Prieto Statistics and History". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved February 28, 2011.
  7. 1 2 3 "Reggie Jackson Statistics and History". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved February 28, 2011.
  8. 1 2 3 "Mark McGwire Statistics and History". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved February 28, 2011.
  9. 1 2 "Walt Weiss Statistics and History". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved February 28, 2011.
  10. ↑ "Ben Grieve Statistics and History". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved February 28, 2011.
  11. ↑ "Huston Street Statistics and History". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved February 28, 2011.
  12. ↑ "Barry Zito Statistics and History". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved February 28, 2011.
  13. ↑ "Gwynn, Ripken elected to Hall of Fame". ESPN.com. ESPN Internet Ventures. January 10, 2007. Retrieved February 28, 2011.
  14. ↑ Newman, Mark (January 11, 2010). "Hall of Fame voters weigh in on McGwire". MLB.com. Major League Baseball. Retrieved February 28, 2011.
  15. ↑ Leach, Matthrew (January 11, 2010). "McGwire opens up about steroid use". MLB.com. Major League Baseball. Retrieved February 28, 2011.
  16. ↑ "Amateur Draft: First overall picks in the MLB June Amateur Draft". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved February 28, 2011.
  17. ↑ "First-Year Player Draft Draft Report: 1960s". MLB.com. Major League Baseball. Retrieved February 28, 2011.
  18. ↑ "First-Year Player Draft Draft Report: 1970s". MLB.com. Major League Baseball. Retrieved February 28, 2011.
  19. ↑ "First-Year Player Draft FAQ". MLB.com. Major League Baseball. Retrieved February 28, 2011.
  20. 1 2 "MLB, MLBPA reach five-year labor accord". MLB.com. Major League Baseball Players Association. October 24, 2006. Retrieved February 28, 2011.
  21. ↑ "Eric Chavez Statistics and History". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved February 28, 2011.
  22. ↑ "1st Round of the 1965 June Draft". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved February 28, 2011.
  23. ↑ "1st Round of the 1966 June Draft". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved February 28, 2011.
  24. ↑ "1st Round of the 1967 June Draft". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved February 28, 2011.
  25. ↑ "1st Round of the 1968 June Draft". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved February 28, 2011.
  26. ↑ "1st Round of the 1969 June Draft". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved February 28, 2011.
  27. ↑ "1st Round of the 1970 June Draft". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved February 28, 2011.
  28. ↑ "1st Round of the 1971 June Draft". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved February 28, 2011.
  29. ↑ "1st Round of the 1972 June Draft". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved February 28, 2011.
  30. ↑ "1st Round of the 1973 June Draft". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved February 28, 2011.
  31. ↑ "1st Round of the 1974 June Draft". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved February 28, 2011.
  32. ↑ "1st Round of the 1975 June Draft". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved February 28, 2011.
  33. ↑ "1st Round of the 1976 June Draft". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved February 28, 2011.
  34. ↑ "1st Round of the 1977 June Draft". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved February 28, 2011.
  35. 1 2 3 "1st Round of the 1978 June Draft". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved February 28, 2011.
  36. 1 2 3 "1st Round of the 1979 June Draft". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved February 28, 2011.
  37. ↑ "1st Round of the 1980 June Draft". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved February 28, 2011.
  38. ↑ "1st Round of the 1981 June Draft". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved February 28, 2011.
  39. ↑ "1st Round of the 1983 June Draft". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved February 28, 2011.
  40. ↑ "1st Round of the 1984 June Draft". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved February 28, 2011.
  41. ↑ "1st Round of the 1985 June Draft". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved February 28, 2011.
  42. ↑ "1st Round of the 1986 June Draft". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved February 28, 2011.
  43. ↑ "1st Round of the 1987 June Draft". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved February 28, 2011.
  44. ↑ "1st Round of the 1988 June Draft". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved February 28, 2011.
  45. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "1st Round of the 1990 June Draft". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved February 28, 2011.
  46. 1 2 3 "1st Round of the 1991 June Draft". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved February 28, 2011.
  47. ↑ "1st Round of the 1992 June Draft". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved February 28, 2011.
  48. 1 2 3 "1st Round of the 1993 June Draft". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved February 28, 2011.
  49. ↑ "1st Round of the 1994 June Draft". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved February 28, 2011.
  50. 1 2 "1st Round of the 1995 June Draft". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved February 28, 2011.
  51. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "1st Round of the 1997 June Draft". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved February 28, 2011.
  52. ↑ "1st Round of the 1998 June Draft". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved February 28, 2011.
  53. ↑ "1st Round of the 1999 June Draft". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved February 28, 2011.
  54. 1 2 3 4 5 "1st Round of the 2001 June Draft". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved February 28, 2011.
  55. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 "1st Round of the 2002 June Draft". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved February 28, 2011.
  56. 1 2 3 4 5 "1st Round of the 2003 June Draft". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved February 28, 2011.
  57. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "1st Round of the 2004 June Draft". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved February 28, 2011.
  58. 1 2 3 "1st Round of the 2005 June Draft". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved February 28, 2011.
  59. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "1st Round of the 2007 June Draft". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved February 28, 2011.
  60. ↑ "1st Round of the 2008 June Draft". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved February 28, 2011.
  61. ↑ "1st Round of the 2009 June Draft". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved February 28, 2011.
  62. ↑ "1st Round of the 2010 June Draft". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved February 28, 2011.
  63. ↑ "1st Round of the 2011 June Draft". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
  64. 1 2 3 "1st Round of the 2012 June Draft". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved June 7, 2012.
  65. ↑ "1st Round of the 2013 June Draft". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved June 5, 2013.
  66. ↑ "1st Round of the 2014 June Draft". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved September 21, 2014.
  67. ↑ "1st Round of the 2015 June Draft". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved June 13, 2015.
  68. ↑ "1st Round of the 1982 June Draft". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved February 28, 2011.
  69. ↑ "1st Round of the 1989 June Draft". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved February 28, 2011.
  70. ↑ "1st Round of the 2000 June Draft". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved February 28, 2011.
  71. ↑ "1st Round of the 2006 June Draft". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved February 28, 2011.

External links

This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the Friday, January 08, 2016. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.